cloud-sql-basics

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This file generates or explains Cloud SQL resources. Use this file when the user asks to create a Cloud SQL instance or database for MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server. Cloud SQL manages third-party MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server instances as resources in Cloud SQL. For example, when Cloud SQL creates an open-source MySQL instance, the resulting resource is a Cloud SQL for MySQL instance that Google Cloud manages. Cloud SQL handles backups, high availability, and secure connectivity for relational database workloads.

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Cloud SQL Basics

Cloud SQL is a fully managed relational database service for MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server. It automates time-consuming tasks like patches, updates, backups, and replicas, while providing high performance and availability for your applications.

Prerequisites

Ensure you have the necessary IAM permissions to create and manage Cloud SQL instances. The Cloud SQL Admin (
roles/cloudsql.admin
) role provides full access to Cloud SQL resources.

Quick Start (PostgreSQL)

  1. Enable the API:
    bash
    gcloud services enable sqladmin.googleapis.com
  2. Create an Instance:
    bash
    gcloud sql instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
  --database-version=POSTGRES_18 \
  --cpu=2 \
  --memory=7680MiB \
  --region=REGION
  3. Set a password for the default user:
    Because this is a Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL instance, the default admin user is 
    postgres
    :
    bash
    gcloud sql users set-password postgres \
  --instance=INSTANCE_NAME --password=PASSWORD
  4. Create a database:
    bash
    gcloud sql databases create DATABASE_NAME \
  --instance=INSTANCE_NAME
  5. Get the instance connection name:
    You need the instance connection name (which is formatted as 
    PROJECT_ID:REGION:INSTANCE_NAME
    ) to connect using the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy. Retrieve it with the following command:
    bash
    gcloud sql instances describe INSTANCE_NAME \
  --format="value(connectionName)"
  6. Connect to the instance:
    The Cloud SQL Auth Proxy must be running to be able to connect to the instance. In a separate terminal, start the proxy using the connection name:
    bash
    ./cloud-sql-proxy INSTANCE_CONNECTION_NAME
    With the proxy running, connect using 
    psql
    in another terminal:
    bash
    psql "host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user=postgres dbname=DATABASE_NAME password=PASSWORD sslmode=disable"

Reference Directory

  • Core Concepts: Instance architecture, high availability (HA), and supported database engines.
  • CLI Usage: Essential 
    gcloud sql
    commands for instance, database, and user management.
  • Client Libraries & Connectors: Connecting to Cloud SQL using Python, Java, Node.js, and Go.
  • MCP Usage: Using the Cloud SQL remote MCP server and Gemini CLI extension.
  • Infrastructure as Code: Terraform configuration for instances, databases, and users.
  • IAM & Security: Predefined roles, SSL/TLS certificates, and Auth Proxy configuration.
If you need product information not found in these references, use the Developer Knowledge MCP server 
search_documents
tool.