Property and Casualty Insurance

When to Use

• Explain P&C lines, coverages, and how commercial vs personal programs differ
• Walk through underwriting workflow: appetite, submission, quote, bind, endorsements
• Clarify policy mechanics: occurrence vs claims-made, limits, deductibles, exclusions, triggers
• Describe claims lifecycle from FNOL through investigation, reserving, settlement, litigation
• Frame reinsurance structures and catastrophe risk transfer at overview level
• Compare distribution models (agent, broker, MGA, direct) and typical economics
• Interpret underwriting and profitability metrics (loss ratio, expense ratio, combined ratio)
• Outline state insurance regulation concepts (DOI oversight, rate/form filing)—not legal advice
• Support business cases, operating reviews, or due diligence with P&C domain context

When NOT to Use

• Life, health, annuity, or long-term care product design and pricing depth → dedicated life/health skills if available; otherwise note limitation
• Loss development triangles, IBNR methods, credibility studies, or appointed-actuary sign-off →

  actuary

• Legal interpretation of policy wording, coverage disputes, or regulatory enforcement →

  commercial-counsel

• Corporate FP&A, investor metrics, or non-insurance financial modeling →

  financial-analyst

  (if installed)
• SOC 2 / ISO control mapping without insurance operations context →

  compliance-engineer

• Executive strategy without insurance domain detail →

  business-consultant

• Enterprise risk registers unrelated to underwriting/claims →

  security-risk-analyst

  (if installed)
• AML/financial crime or sanctions programs →

  aml-compliance

  ,

  financial-intelligence-unit

Related skills

actuary

commercial-counsel

business-consultant

compliance-engineer

compliance-specialist

ifrs

financial-statements

vendor-cyber-risk-analyst

anti-false-positive-decision-making

Core Workflows

1. Engagement scoping

1. Segment — Personal vs commercial; admitted vs surplus; program vs single policy
2. Line of business — Property, GL, WC, auto, umbrella, specialty, package
3. Decision — Quote, renewal, claims handling, reinsurance placement, regulatory filing context
4. Jurisdiction — State(s), filing status, experience mod (WC), territory
5. Materiality — Limits, deductibles, cat exposure, class codes, prior loss history

references/pc_insurance_scope_and_lines.md

2. Underwriting and risk selection

1. Define appetite and declination triggers (class, geography, limit profile)
2. Ingest submission: application, loss runs, SOV, financials, inspections
3. Apply rating variables and manual vs filed factors; document debits/credits
4. Set terms: limits, deductibles/SIR, endorsements, subjectivities
5. Price to target loss ratio and combined ratio; note reinsurance and cat load
6. Bind with clear conditions; track endorsements and mid-term changes

references/underwriting_and_risk_selection.md

3. Policy coverage and forms

1. Identify coverage part (CG, CP, CA, WC, etc.) and edition date
2. Map insuring agreement, exclusions, conditions, and endorsements
3. Confirm trigger (occurrence vs claims-made) and retro dates where applicable
4. Reconcile limits (per occurrence, aggregate, sublimits) and deductibles/SIR
5. Flag common gaps (ordinance/law, BI waiting period, employee injury exclusions)
6. Escalate wording disputes to

   commercial-counsel

references/policy_coverage_and_forms.md

4. Claims lifecycle

1. FNOL — capture facts, policy verification, coverage preliminary
2. Assign adjuster; establish reserves (case, IBNR directionally—detail with

   actuary

   )
3. Investigate liability and damages; manage vendors and counsel
4. Negotiate settlement; subrogation and salvage where applicable
5. Close with file documentation; feed experience to underwriting

references/claims_lifecycle_and_handling.md

5. Reinsurance and catastrophe

1. Classify peril and geographic cat accumulation
2. Select structure: quota share, surplus, per-risk XOL, cat XOL, cat bonds (overview)
3. Align retentions and reinstatements to capital and rating agency context
4. Coordinate with pricing cat load and aggregate monitoring

references/reinsurance_and_catastrophe.md

6. Metrics, regulation, and operations

1. Compute and interpret loss, expense, and combined ratios
2. Separate attritional vs cat and large-loss development in narrative
3. Outline DOI filing, market conduct, and financial examination concepts
4. Map distribution economics (commission, MGA overrides, profit sharing)

references/metrics_regulatory_and_operations.md

Deliverable standards

When to load references

• Scope and LOBs →

  references/pc_insurance_scope_and_lines.md

• Underwriting →

  references/underwriting_and_risk_selection.md

• Policy and coverage →

  references/policy_coverage_and_forms.md

• Claims →

  references/claims_lifecycle_and_handling.md

• Reinsurance and cat →

  references/reinsurance_and_catastrophe.md

• Metrics and regulation →

  references/metrics_regulatory_and_operations.md