Prisma 数据库配置指南

适用场景

• 初始化新的Prisma项目
• 切换数据库提供商
• 配置连接字符串和环境变量
• 排查数据库连接问题
• 配置数据库专属功能
• 生成并实例化Prisma Client

系统前置要求（Prisma ORM 7）

• Node.js 20.19.0+
• TypeScript 5.4.0+

Bun 运行时

bunx --bun prisma ...

支持的数据库

postgresql

mysql

sqlite

mongodb

sqlserver

cockroachdb

postgresql

配置文件

1. prisma/schema.prisma

   ：定义

   datasource

   块。

2. prisma.config.ts

   ：配置连接URL（替代原schema中的环境变量加载方式）。

驱动适配器（Prisma ORM 7）

PrismaClient

@prisma/adapter-pg

pg

@prisma/adapter-pg

pg

@prisma/adapter-ppg

@prisma/ppg

@prisma/adapter-mariadb

mariadb

@prisma/adapter-better-sqlite3

better-sqlite3

@prisma/adapter-libsql

@libsql/client

@prisma/adapter-mssql

node-mssql

import 'dotenv/config'
import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'

const adapter = new PrismaPg({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL })
const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

Prisma Client 配置（必填）

1. 安装Prisma CLI和Prisma Client：
   bash

   npm install prisma --save-dev
   npm install @prisma/client

2. 添加生成器块（Prisma v7要求必须指定output）：
   prisma

   generator client {
     provider = "prisma-client"
     output   = "../generated"
   }

3. 生成Prisma Client：
   bash

   npx prisma generate

4. 使用数据库专属驱动适配器实例化Prisma Client：
   typescript

   import { PrismaClient } from '../generated/client'
   import { PrismaPg } from '@prisma/adapter-pg'
   
   const adapter = new PrismaPg({ connectionString: process.env.DATABASE_URL })
   const prisma = new PrismaClient({ adapter })

5. 每次修改schema后，重新运行

   prisma generate

   。

快速参考

PostgreSQL

datasource db {
  provider = "postgresql"
}

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "../generated"
}

MySQL

datasource db {
  provider = "mysql"
}

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "../generated"
}

SQLite

datasource db {
  provider = "sqlite"
}

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client"
  output   = "../generated"
}

MongoDB（仅Prisma v6支持）

datasource db {
  provider = "mongodb"
  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
}

generator client {
  provider = "prisma-client-js"
}

规则文件

rules/postgresql.md
rules/mysql.md
rules/sqlite.md
rules/mongodb.md
rules/sqlserver.md
rules/cockroachdb.md
rules/prisma-postgres.md
rules/prisma-client-setup.md