Wrangler CLI

Deploy, develop, and manage Cloudflare Workers and associated resources.

FIRST: Verify Wrangler Installation

bash

wrangler --version  # Requires v4.x+

If not installed:

bash

npm install -D wrangler@latest

Key Guidelines

Use
wrangler.jsonc
: Prefer JSON config over TOML. Newer features are JSON-only.
Set
compatibility_date
: Use a recent date (within 30 days). Check https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/configuration/compatibility-dates/
Generate types after config changes: Run
```
wrangler types
```
to update TypeScript bindings.
Local dev defaults to local storage: Bindings use local simulation unless
```
remote: true
```
.
Validate config before deploy: Run
```
wrangler check
```
to catch errors early.
Use environments for staging/prod: Define
```
env.staging
```
and
```
env.production
```
in config.

Quick Start: New Worker

bash

# Initialize new project
npx wrangler init my-worker

# Or with a framework
npx create-cloudflare@latest my-app

Quick Reference: Core Commands

Task	Command
Start local dev server	`wrangler dev`
Deploy to Cloudflare	`wrangler deploy`
Deploy dry run	`wrangler deploy --dry-run`
Generate TypeScript types	`wrangler types`
Validate configuration	`wrangler check`
View live logs	`wrangler tail`
Delete Worker	`wrangler delete`
Auth status	`wrangler whoami`

Configuration (wrangler.jsonc)

Minimal Config

jsonc

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/wrangler/config-schema.json",
  "name": "my-worker",
  "main": "src/index.ts",
  "compatibility_date": "2026-01-01"
}

Full Config with Bindings

jsonc

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/wrangler/config-schema.json",
  "name": "my-worker",
  "main": "src/index.ts",
  "compatibility_date": "2026-01-01",
  "compatibility_flags": ["nodejs_compat_v2"],

  // Environment variables
  "vars": {
    "ENVIRONMENT": "production"
  },

  // KV Namespace
  "kv_namespaces": [
    { "binding": "KV", "id": "<KV_NAMESPACE_ID>" }
  ],

  // R2 Bucket
  "r2_buckets": [
    { "binding": "BUCKET", "bucket_name": "my-bucket" }
  ],

  // D1 Database
  "d1_databases": [
    { "binding": "DB", "database_name": "my-db", "database_id": "<DB_ID>" }
  ],

  // Workers AI (always remote)
  "ai": { "binding": "AI" },

  // Vectorize
  "vectorize": [
    { "binding": "VECTOR_INDEX", "index_name": "my-index" }
  ],

  // Hyperdrive
  "hyperdrive": [
    { "binding": "HYPERDRIVE", "id": "<HYPERDRIVE_ID>" }
  ],

  // Durable Objects
  "durable_objects": {
    "bindings": [
      { "name": "COUNTER", "class_name": "Counter" }
    ]
  },

  // Cron triggers
  "triggers": {
    "crons": ["0 * * * *"]
  },

  // Environments
  "env": {
    "staging": {
      "name": "my-worker-staging",
      "vars": { "ENVIRONMENT": "staging" }
    }
  }
}

Generate Types from Config

bash

# Generate worker-configuration.d.ts
wrangler types

# Custom output path
wrangler types ./src/env.d.ts

# Check types are up to date (CI)
wrangler types --check

Local Development

Start Dev Server

bash

# Local mode (default) - uses local storage simulation
wrangler dev

# With specific environment
wrangler dev --env staging

# Force local-only (disable remote bindings)
wrangler dev --local

# Remote mode - runs on Cloudflare edge (legacy)
wrangler dev --remote

# Custom port
wrangler dev --port 8787

# Live reload for HTML changes
wrangler dev --live-reload

# Test scheduled/cron handlers
wrangler dev --test-scheduled
# Then visit: http://localhost:8787/__scheduled

Remote Bindings for Local Dev

Use

remote: true

in binding config to connect to real resources while running locally:

jsonc

{
  "r2_buckets": [
    { "binding": "BUCKET", "bucket_name": "my-bucket", "remote": true }
  ],
  "ai": { "binding": "AI", "remote": true },
  "vectorize": [
    { "binding": "INDEX", "index_name": "my-index", "remote": true }
  ]
}

Recommended remote bindings: AI (required), Vectorize, Browser Rendering, mTLS, Images.

Local Secrets

Create

.dev.vars

for local development secrets:

API_KEY=local-dev-key
DATABASE_URL=postgres://localhost:5432/dev

Deployment

Deploy Worker

bash

# Deploy to production
wrangler deploy

# Deploy specific environment
wrangler deploy --env staging

# Dry run (validate without deploying)
wrangler deploy --dry-run

# Keep dashboard-set variables
wrangler deploy --keep-vars

# Minify code
wrangler deploy --minify

Manage Secrets

bash

# Set secret interactively
wrangler secret put API_KEY

# Set from stdin
echo "secret-value" | wrangler secret put API_KEY

# List secrets
wrangler secret list

# Delete secret
wrangler secret delete API_KEY

# Bulk secrets from JSON file
wrangler secret bulk secrets.json

Versions and Rollback

bash

# List recent versions
wrangler versions list

# View specific version
wrangler versions view <VERSION_ID>

# Rollback to previous version
wrangler rollback

# Rollback to specific version
wrangler rollback <VERSION_ID>

KV (Key-Value Store)

Manage Namespaces

bash

# Create namespace
wrangler kv namespace create MY_KV

# List namespaces
wrangler kv namespace list

# Delete namespace
wrangler kv namespace delete --namespace-id <ID>

Manage Keys

bash

# Put value
wrangler kv key put --namespace-id <ID> "key" "value"

# Put with expiration (seconds)
wrangler kv key put --namespace-id <ID> "key" "value" --expiration-ttl 3600

# Get value
wrangler kv key get --namespace-id <ID> "key"

# List keys
wrangler kv key list --namespace-id <ID>

# Delete key
wrangler kv key delete --namespace-id <ID> "key"

# Bulk put from JSON
wrangler kv bulk put --namespace-id <ID> data.json

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "kv_namespaces": [
    { "binding": "CACHE", "id": "<NAMESPACE_ID>" }
  ]
}

R2 (Object Storage)

Manage Buckets

bash

# Create bucket
wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket

# Create with location hint
wrangler r2 bucket create my-bucket --location wnam

# List buckets
wrangler r2 bucket list

# Get bucket info
wrangler r2 bucket info my-bucket

# Delete bucket
wrangler r2 bucket delete my-bucket

Manage Objects

bash

# Upload object
wrangler r2 object put my-bucket/path/file.txt --file ./local-file.txt

# Download object
wrangler r2 object get my-bucket/path/file.txt

# Delete object
wrangler r2 object delete my-bucket/path/file.txt

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "r2_buckets": [
    { "binding": "ASSETS", "bucket_name": "my-bucket" }
  ]
}

D1 (SQL Database)

Manage Databases

bash

# Create database
wrangler d1 create my-database

# Create with location
wrangler d1 create my-database --location wnam

# List databases
wrangler d1 list

# Get database info
wrangler d1 info my-database

# Delete database
wrangler d1 delete my-database

Execute SQL

bash

# Execute SQL command (remote)
wrangler d1 execute my-database --remote --command "SELECT * FROM users"

# Execute SQL file (remote)
wrangler d1 execute my-database --remote --file ./schema.sql

# Execute locally
wrangler d1 execute my-database --local --command "SELECT * FROM users"

Migrations

bash

# Create migration
wrangler d1 migrations create my-database create_users_table

# List pending migrations
wrangler d1 migrations list my-database --local

# Apply migrations locally
wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --local

# Apply migrations to remote
wrangler d1 migrations apply my-database --remote

Export/Backup

bash

# Export schema and data
wrangler d1 export my-database --remote --output backup.sql

# Export schema only
wrangler d1 export my-database --remote --output schema.sql --no-data

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "d1_databases": [
    {
      "binding": "DB",
      "database_name": "my-database",
      "database_id": "<DATABASE_ID>",
      "migrations_dir": "./migrations"
    }
  ]
}

Vectorize (Vector Database)

Manage Indexes

bash

# Create index with dimensions
wrangler vectorize create my-index --dimensions 768 --metric cosine

# Create with preset (auto-configures dimensions/metric)
wrangler vectorize create my-index --preset @cf/baai/bge-base-en-v1.5

# List indexes
wrangler vectorize list

# Get index info
wrangler vectorize get my-index

# Delete index
wrangler vectorize delete my-index

Manage Vectors

bash

# Insert vectors from NDJSON file
wrangler vectorize insert my-index --file vectors.ndjson

# Query vectors
wrangler vectorize query my-index --vector "[0.1, 0.2, ...]" --top-k 10

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "vectorize": [
    { "binding": "SEARCH_INDEX", "index_name": "my-index" }
  ]
}

Hyperdrive (Database Accelerator)

Manage Configs

bash

# Create config
wrangler hyperdrive create my-hyperdrive \
  --connection-string "postgres://user:pass@host:5432/database"

# List configs
wrangler hyperdrive list

# Get config details
wrangler hyperdrive get <HYPERDRIVE_ID>

# Update config
wrangler hyperdrive update <HYPERDRIVE_ID> --origin-password "new-password"

# Delete config
wrangler hyperdrive delete <HYPERDRIVE_ID>

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "compatibility_flags": ["nodejs_compat_v2"],
  "hyperdrive": [
    { "binding": "HYPERDRIVE", "id": "<HYPERDRIVE_ID>" }
  ]
}

Workers AI

List Models

bash

# List available models
wrangler ai models

# List finetunes
wrangler ai finetune list

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "ai": { "binding": "AI" }
}

Note: Workers AI always runs remotely and incurs usage charges even in local dev.

Queues

Manage Queues

bash

# Create queue
wrangler queues create my-queue

# List queues
wrangler queues list

# Delete queue
wrangler queues delete my-queue

# Add consumer to queue
wrangler queues consumer add my-queue my-worker

# Remove consumer
wrangler queues consumer remove my-queue my-worker

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "queues": {
    "producers": [
      { "binding": "MY_QUEUE", "queue": "my-queue" }
    ],
    "consumers": [
      {
        "queue": "my-queue",
        "max_batch_size": 10,
        "max_batch_timeout": 30
      }
    ]
  }
}

Containers

Build and Push Images

bash

# Build container image
wrangler containers build -t my-app:latest .

# Build and push in one command
wrangler containers build -t my-app:latest . --push

# Push existing image to Cloudflare registry
wrangler containers push my-app:latest

Manage Containers

bash

# List containers
wrangler containers list

# Get container info
wrangler containers info <CONTAINER_ID>

# Delete container
wrangler containers delete <CONTAINER_ID>

Manage Images

bash

# List images in registry
wrangler containers images list

# Delete image
wrangler containers images delete my-app:latest

Manage External Registries

bash

# List configured registries
wrangler containers registries list

# Configure external registry (e.g., ECR)
wrangler containers registries configure <DOMAIN> \
  --public-credential <AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID>

# Delete registry configuration
wrangler containers registries delete <DOMAIN>

Workflows

Manage Workflows

bash

# List workflows
wrangler workflows list

# Describe workflow
wrangler workflows describe my-workflow

# Trigger workflow instance
wrangler workflows trigger my-workflow

# Trigger with parameters
wrangler workflows trigger my-workflow --params '{"key": "value"}'

# Delete workflow
wrangler workflows delete my-workflow

Manage Workflow Instances

bash

# List instances
wrangler workflows instances list my-workflow

# Describe instance
wrangler workflows instances describe my-workflow <INSTANCE_ID>

# Terminate instance
wrangler workflows instances terminate my-workflow <INSTANCE_ID>

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "workflows": [
    {
      "binding": "MY_WORKFLOW",
      "name": "my-workflow",
      "class_name": "MyWorkflow"
    }
  ]
}

Pipelines

Manage Pipelines

bash

# Create pipeline
wrangler pipelines create my-pipeline --r2 my-bucket

# List pipelines
wrangler pipelines list

# Show pipeline details
wrangler pipelines show my-pipeline

# Update pipeline
wrangler pipelines update my-pipeline --batch-max-mb 100

# Delete pipeline
wrangler pipelines delete my-pipeline

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "pipelines": [
    { "binding": "MY_PIPELINE", "pipeline": "my-pipeline" }
  ]
}

Secrets Store

Manage Stores

bash

# Create store
wrangler secrets-store store create my-store

# List stores
wrangler secrets-store store list

# Delete store
wrangler secrets-store store delete <STORE_ID>

Manage Secrets in Store

bash

# Add secret to store
wrangler secrets-store secret put <STORE_ID> my-secret

# List secrets in store
wrangler secrets-store secret list <STORE_ID>

# Get secret
wrangler secrets-store secret get <STORE_ID> my-secret

# Delete secret from store
wrangler secrets-store secret delete <STORE_ID> my-secret

Config Binding

jsonc

{
  "secrets_store_secrets": [
    {
      "binding": "MY_SECRET",
      "store_id": "<STORE_ID>",
      "secret_name": "my-secret"
    }
  ]
}

Pages (Frontend Deployment)

bash

# Create Pages project
wrangler pages project create my-site

# Deploy directory to Pages
wrangler pages deploy ./dist

# Deploy with specific branch
wrangler pages deploy ./dist --branch main

# List deployments
wrangler pages deployment list --project-name my-site

Observability

Tail Logs

bash

# Stream live logs
wrangler tail

# Tail specific Worker
wrangler tail my-worker

# Filter by status
wrangler tail --status error

# Filter by search term
wrangler tail --search "error"

# JSON output
wrangler tail --format json

Config Logging

jsonc

{
  "observability": {
    "enabled": true,
    "head_sampling_rate": 1
  }
}

Testing

Local Testing with Vitest

bash

npm install -D @cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers vitest

vitest.config.ts

typescript

import { defineWorkersConfig } from "@cloudflare/vitest-pool-workers/config";

export default defineWorkersConfig({
  test: {
    poolOptions: {
      workers: {
        wrangler: { configPath: "./wrangler.jsonc" },
      },
    },
  },
});

Test Scheduled Events

bash

# Enable in dev
wrangler dev --test-scheduled

# Trigger via HTTP
curl http://localhost:8787/__scheduled

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Issue	Solution
`command not found: wrangler`	Install: `npm install -D wrangler`
Auth errors	Run `wrangler login`
Config validation errors	Run `wrangler check`
Type errors after config change	Run `wrangler types`
Local storage not persisting	Check `.wrangler/state` directory
Binding undefined in Worker	Verify binding name matches config exactly

Debug Commands

bash

# Check auth status
wrangler whoami

# Validate config
wrangler check

# View config schema
wrangler docs configuration

Best Practices

Version control
wrangler.jsonc
: Treat as source of truth for Worker config.
Use automatic provisioning: Omit resource IDs for auto-creation on deploy.
Run
wrangler types
in CI: Add to build step to catch binding mismatches.
Use environments: Separate staging/production with
```
env.staging
```
,
```
env.production
```
.
Set
compatibility_date
: Update quarterly to get new runtime features.
Use
.dev.vars
for local secrets: Never commit secrets to config.
Test locally first:
```
wrangler dev
```
with local bindings before deploying.
Use
--dry-run
before major deploys: Validate changes without deployment.

wrangler

NPX Install

SKILL.md Content

Wrangler CLI

FIRST: Verify Wrangler Installation

Key Guidelines

Quick Start: New Worker

Quick Reference: Core Commands

Configuration (wrangler.jsonc)

Minimal Config

Full Config with Bindings

Generate Types from Config

Local Development

Start Dev Server

Remote Bindings for Local Dev

Local Secrets

Deployment

Deploy Worker

Manage Secrets

Versions and Rollback

KV (Key-Value Store)

Manage Namespaces

Manage Keys

Config Binding

R2 (Object Storage)

Manage Buckets

Manage Objects

Config Binding

D1 (SQL Database)

Manage Databases

Execute SQL

Migrations

Export/Backup

Config Binding

Vectorize (Vector Database)

Manage Indexes

Manage Vectors

Config Binding

Hyperdrive (Database Accelerator)

Manage Configs

Config Binding

Workers AI

List Models

Config Binding

Queues

Manage Queues

Config Binding

Containers

Build and Push Images

Manage Containers

Manage Images

Manage External Registries

Workflows

Manage Workflows

Manage Workflow Instances

Config Binding

Pipelines

Manage Pipelines

Config Binding

Secrets Store

Manage Stores

Manage Secrets in Store

Config Binding

Pages (Frontend Deployment)

Observability

Tail Logs

Config Logging

Testing

Local Testing with Vitest

Test Scheduled Events

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Debug Commands

Best Practices