# Check Terraform version
terraform version
# Must be 1.5.x or compatible

# Check provider versions
terraform providers
# All providers compatible (same registry)

# Chocolatey
choco install opentofu

# Scoop
scoop install opentofu

# Manual
# Download from https://github.com/opentofu/opentofu/releases

# Homebrew
brew install opentofu

# Manual
curl -L https://github.com/opentofu/opentofu/releases/download/v1.8.0/tofu_1.8.0_darwin_amd64.tar.gz | tar xz
sudo mv tofu /usr/local/bin/

# Snap
snap install opentofu --classic

# Debian/Ubuntu
curl -fsSL https://get.opentofu.org/install-opentofu.sh | sh

# Manual
wget https://github.com/opentofu/opentofu/releases/download/v1.8.0/tofu_1.8.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf tofu_1.8.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv tofu /usr/local/bin/

# Navigate to Terraform directory
cd /path/to/terraform/project

# Initialize with OpenTofu (non-destructive)
tofu init

# Validate configuration
tofu validate

# Generate plan (compare with Terraform plan)
tofu plan

# State is compatible - no migration needed
# Just switch from 'terraform' to 'tofu' commands

# Verify state
tofu show

# Configure encryption in .tofu file
cat > .tofu <<EOF
encryption {
  state {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      name = "my_key"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY
    }
  }

  plan {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      name = "my_key"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY
    }
  }
}
EOF

# Set encryption key
export TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY="your-secure-passphrase"

# Migrate state (automatically encrypts)
tofu init -migrate-state

# Before (Terraform)
- uses: hashicorp/setup-terraform@v3
  with:
    terraform_version: 1.5.0

# After (OpenTofu)
- uses: opentofu/setup-opentofu@v1
  with:
    tofu_version: 1.8.0

# Or manual install
- name: Install OpenTofu
  run: |
    curl -fsSL https://get.opentofu.org/install-opentofu.sh | sh
    tofu version

# Before
- task: TerraformInstaller@0
  inputs:
    terraformVersion: '1.5.0'

# After
- task: Bash@3
  displayName: 'Install OpenTofu'
  inputs:
    targetType: 'inline'
    script: |
      curl -fsSL https://get.opentofu.org/install-opentofu.sh | sh
      tofu version

# Before
image: hashicorp/terraform:1.5.0

# After
image: ghcr.io/opentofu/opentofu:1.8.0

# .tofu or terraform.tf
encryption {
  state {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      name = "primary_key"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_STATE_ENCRYPTION_KEY
    }
  }
}

encryption {
  state {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      # New key
      name = "key_v2"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_KEY_V2

      # Old key (for decryption)
      fallback {
        name = "key_v1"
        passphrase = env.TOFU_KEY_V1
      }
    }
  }
}

# AWS KMS
encryption {
  state {
    method = "aws_kms"
    keys {
      name = "aws_key"
      kms_key_id = "arn:aws:kms:us-east-1:123456789012:key/12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012"
    }
  }
}

# Azure Key Vault
encryption {
  state {
    method = "azurerm_key_vault"
    keys {
      name = "azure_key"
      key_vault_key_id = "https://myvault.vault.azure.net/keys/mykey/version"
    }
  }
}

# GCP KMS
encryption {
  state {
    method = "gcp_kms"
    keys {
      name = "gcp_key"
      kms_crypto_key = "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/keyRings/RING/cryptoKeys/KEY"
    }
  }
}

import {
  to = azurerm_resource_group.example
  id = "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/my-rg"
}

# Import multiple resource groups
locals {
  resource_groups = {
    "rg1" = "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg1"
    "rg2" = "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg2"
    "rg3" = "/subscriptions/.../resourceGroups/rg3"
  }
}

import {
  for_each = local.resource_groups
  to       = azurerm_resource_group.imported[each.key]
  id       = each.value
}

resource "azurerm_resource_group" "imported" {
  for_each = local.resource_groups
  name     = each.key
  location = "eastus"
}

# Variables NOT allowed in terraform block
terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.5.0"  # Static only

  backend "azurerm" {
    resource_group_name  = "terraform-state"  # Static only
    storage_account_name = "tfstate"
  }
}

# Variables allowed in terraform block
variable "environment" {
  type = string
}

terraform {
  required_version = ">= 1.7.0"

  backend "azurerm" {
    resource_group_name  = "terraform-state-${var.environment}"
    storage_account_name = "tfstate${var.environment}"
    key                  = "${var.environment}.tfstate"
  }
}

variable "module_version" {
  type    = string
  default = "v1.0.0"
}

module "networking" {
  source  = "git::https://github.com/org/module.git?ref=${var.module_version}"
  # Dynamic module version!
}

# 1. Backup existing state
terraform state pull > backup.tfstate

# 2. Install OpenTofu
brew install opentofu

# 3. Test compatibility
tofu init
tofu plan

# 4. Switch to OpenTofu
alias terraform=tofu  # Optional: maintain muscle memory

# 5. Verify everything works
tofu apply

# 1. Generate encryption key
ENCRYPTION_KEY=$(openssl rand -base64 32)
echo "TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY=$ENCRYPTION_KEY" >> .env.production

# 2. Create encryption config
cat > .tofu <<EOF
encryption {
  state {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      name = "prod_key"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY
    }
  }

  plan {
    method = "aes_gcm"
    keys {
      name = "prod_key"
      passphrase = env.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY
    }
  }
}
EOF

# 3. Migrate with encryption
source .env.production
tofu init -migrate-state

# 4. Verify encryption
tofu state pull  # State is now encrypted in backend

# .github/workflows/terraform.yml
name: Infrastructure

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  opentofu:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup OpenTofu
        uses: opentofu/setup-opentofu@v1
        with:
          tofu_version: 1.8.0

      - name: Init
        run: tofu init
        env:
          TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${{ secrets.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY }}

      - name: Plan
        run: tofu plan
        env:
          ARM_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_CLIENT_ID }}
          ARM_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.ARM_CLIENT_SECRET }}
          ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }}
          ARM_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_TENANT_ID }}
          TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${{ secrets.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY }}

      - name: Apply
        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
        run: tofu apply -auto-approve
        env:
          ARM_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_CLIENT_ID }}
          ARM_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.ARM_CLIENT_SECRET }}
          ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_SUBSCRIPTION_ID }}
          ARM_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.ARM_TENANT_ID }}
          TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY: ${{ secrets.TOFU_ENCRYPTION_KEY }}

# Terraform          # OpenTofu
terraform init      → tofu init
terraform plan      → tofu plan
terraform apply     → tofu apply
terraform destroy   → tofu destroy
terraform state     → tofu state
terraform import    → tofu import
terraform validate  → tofu validate
terraform fmt       → tofu fmt
terraform output    → tofu output