GraphQL Development

Core Principles

• Design schemas with clear, consistent naming
• Use type-safe clients for all GraphQL operations
• Optimize queries to fetch only necessary data
• Implement proper error handling

Schema Design

Types and Fields

• Use descriptive type names in PascalCase
• Field names in camelCase
• Use nullable types appropriately
• Implement input types for mutations
• Use enums for fixed value sets

Relationships

• Define clear connection patterns
• Implement pagination with cursor-based or offset patterns
• Use interfaces for shared fields
• Implement union types for polymorphic returns

Query Optimization

• Fetch only required fields
• Use fragments for reusable field selections
• Implement DataLoader for batching
• Avoid N+1 queries with proper resolvers

Type-Safe Clients

Genql

• Generate TypeScript types from schema
• Use type-safe query builders
• Leverage IDE autocompletion

Apollo Client

• Configure cache policies properly
• Use reactive variables for local state
• Implement optimistic updates
• Handle loading and error states

urql

• Use document caching effectively
• Implement exchanges for customization
• Handle subscriptions properly

Integration Patterns

React

• Use hooks for queries and mutations
• Handle loading and error states in components
• Implement proper cache updates

Next.js

• Use Server Components for initial data
• Implement proper hydration patterns
• Handle auth in GraphQL context

Error Handling

• Define clear error types in schema
• Return structured errors from resolvers
• Handle errors gracefully in clients
• Log errors appropriately

Security

• Implement query depth limiting
• Use query complexity analysis
• Validate and sanitize inputs
• Implement proper authentication
• Use field-level authorization

Testing

• Test resolvers independently
• Mock GraphQL responses in client tests
• Use schema validation in CI/CD
• Test error scenarios