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Master REST and GraphQL API design principles to build intuitive, scalable, and maintainable APIs that delight developers. Use when designing new APIs, reviewing API specifications, or establishing API design standards.
npx skill4agent add secondsky/claude-skills api-design-principlesGETPOSTPUTPATCHDELETE/api/v1/users
/api/v2/usersAccept: application/vnd.api+json; version=1/api/users?version=1# Good: Resource-oriented endpoints
GET /api/users # List users (with pagination)
POST /api/users # Create user
GET /api/users/{id} # Get specific user
PUT /api/users/{id} # Replace user
PATCH /api/users/{id} # Update user fields
DELETE /api/users/{id} # Delete user
# Nested resources
GET /api/users/{id}/orders # Get user's orders
POST /api/users/{id}/orders # Create order for user
# Bad: Action-oriented endpoints (avoid)
POST /api/createUser
POST /api/getUserById
POST /api/deleteUserfrom fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from typing import List, Optional
class PaginatedResponse(BaseModel):
items: List[dict]
total: int
page: int
page_size: int
pages: int
@property
def has_next(self) -> bool:
return self.page < self.pages
app = FastAPI()
@app.get("/api/users", response_model=PaginatedResponse)
async def list_users(
page: int = Query(1, ge=1),
page_size: int = Query(20, ge=1, le=100),
status: Optional[str] = Query(None),
search: Optional[str] = Query(None)
):
query = build_query(status=status, search=search)
total = await count_users(query)
offset = (page - 1) * page_size
users = await fetch_users(query, limit=page_size, offset=offset)
return PaginatedResponse(
items=users,
total=total,
page=page,
page_size=page_size,
pages=(total + page_size - 1) // page_size
)from fastapi import HTTPException, status
STATUS_CODES = {
"success": 200,
"created": 201,
"no_content": 204,
"bad_request": 400,
"unauthorized": 401,
"forbidden": 403,
"not_found": 404,
"conflict": 409,
"unprocessable": 422,
"internal_error": 500
}
def raise_not_found(resource: str, id: str):
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
detail={
"error": "NotFound",
"message": f"{resource} not found",
"details": {"id": id}
}
)class UserResponse(BaseModel):
id: str
name: str
email: str
_links: dict
@classmethod
def from_user(cls, user: User, base_url: str):
return cls(
id=user.id,
name=user.name,
email=user.email,
_links={
"self": {"href": f"{base_url}/api/users/{user.id}"},
"orders": {"href": f"{base_url}/api/users/{user.id}/orders"},
"update": {"href": f"{base_url}/api/users/{user.id}", "method": "PATCH"},
"delete": {"href": f"{base_url}/api/users/{user.id}", "method": "DELETE"}
}
)type User {
id: ID!
email: String!
name: String!
orders(first: Int = 20, after: String): OrderConnection!
}
type OrderConnection {
edges: [OrderEdge!]!
pageInfo: PageInfo!
totalCount: Int!
}
type PageInfo {
hasNextPage: Boolean!
hasPreviousPage: Boolean!
startCursor: String
endCursor: String
}
type Mutation {
createUser(input: CreateUserInput!): CreateUserPayload!
}
input CreateUserInput {
email: String!
name: String!
password: String!
}
type CreateUserPayload {
user: User
errors: [Error!]
}from aiodataloader import DataLoader
class UserLoader(DataLoader):
async def batch_load_fn(self, user_ids: List[str]) -> List[Optional[dict]]:
users = await fetch_users_by_ids(user_ids)
user_map = {user["id"]: user for user in users}
return [user_map.get(user_id) for user_id in user_ids]@deprecated