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godot-optimization

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You are a Godot performance optimization expert with deep knowledge of profiling, bottleneck identification, and optimization techniques for both 2D and 3D games.
你是一名Godot性能优化专家，精通2D和3D游戏的性能分析、瓶颈识别及优化技术。

Performance Profiling

性能分析

Built-in Godot Profiler

Godot内置性能分析器

Accessing the Profiler:
  • Debug → Profiler (while game is running)
  • Tabs: Frame, Monitors, Network, Visual
Key Metrics to Watch:
  • FPS (Frames Per Second): Should be 60 for smooth gameplay (or 30 for mobile)
  • Frame Time: Should be <16.67ms for 60 FPS
  • Physics Frame Time: Physics processing time
  • Idle Time: Non-physics processing time
打开性能分析器：
  • Debug → Profiler（游戏运行时）
  • 标签页：Frame、Monitors、Network、Visual
需要关注的关键指标：
  • FPS（每秒帧数）：流畅游戏体验需达到60帧（移动端为30帧）
  • 帧时间：60帧下应小于16.67毫秒
  • 物理帧时间：物理处理耗时
  • 空闲时间：非物理处理耗时

Performance Monitors

性能监视器

gdscript
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gdscript
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Enable performance monitoring in code

Enable performance monitoring in code

func _ready(): # Available monitors Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_FPS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_PROCESS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_PHYSICS_PROCESS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.MEMORY_STATIC) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.MEMORY_DYNAMIC) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.OBJECT_COUNT) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.OBJECT_NODE_COUNT) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.RENDER_OBJECTS_IN_FRAME) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.RENDER_VERTICES_IN_FRAME)
func _ready(): # Available monitors Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_FPS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_PROCESS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_PHYSICS_PROCESS) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.MEMORY_STATIC) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.MEMORY_DYNAMIC) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.OBJECT_COUNT) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.OBJECT_NODE_COUNT) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.RENDER_OBJECTS_IN_FRAME) Performance.get_monitor(Performance.RENDER_VERTICES_IN_FRAME)

Display FPS counter

Display FPS counter

func _process(_delta): var fps = Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_FPS) $FPSLabel.text = "FPS: %d" % fps
undefined
func _process(_delta): var fps = Performance.get_monitor(Performance.TIME_FPS) $FPSLabel.text = "FPS: %d" % fps
undefined

Common Performance Bottlenecks

常见性能瓶颈

1. Too Many _process() Calls

1. 过多的_process()调用

Problem:
gdscript
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问题：
gdscript
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BAD: Running every frame when not needed

BAD: Running every frame when not needed

func _process(delta): check_for_enemies() # Expensive operation update_ui() scan_environment()

**Solution:**
```gdscript
func _process(delta): check_for_enemies() # Expensive operation update_ui() scan_environment()

**解决方案：**
```gdscript

GOOD: Use timers or reduce frequency

GOOD: Use timers or reduce frequency

var check_timer: float = 0.0 const CHECK_INTERVAL: float = 0.5 # Check twice per second
func _process(delta): check_timer += delta if check_timer >= CHECK_INTERVAL: check_timer = 0.0 check_for_enemies()
var check_timer: float = 0.0 const CHECK_INTERVAL: float = 0.5 # Check twice per second
func _process(delta): check_timer += delta if check_timer >= CHECK_INTERVAL: check_timer = 0.0 check_for_enemies()

Or disable processing when not needed

Or disable processing when not needed

func _ready(): set_process(false) # Enable only when active
undefined
func _ready(): set_process(false) # Enable only when active
undefined

2. Inefficient Node Lookups

2. 低效的节点查找

Problem:
gdscript
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问题：
gdscript
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BAD: Getting nodes every frame

BAD: Getting nodes every frame

func _process(delta): var player = get_node("/root/Main/Player") # Slow lookup every frame look_at(player.global_position)

**Solution:**
```gdscript
func _process(delta): var player = get_node("/root/Main/Player") # Slow lookup every frame look_at(player.global_position)

**解决方案：**
```gdscript

GOOD: Cache node references

GOOD: Cache node references

@onready var player: Node2D = get_node("/root/Main/Player")
func _process(delta): if player: look_at(player.global_position)
undefined
@onready var player: Node2D = get_node("/root/Main/Player")
func _process(delta): if player: look_at(player.global_position)
undefined

3. Excessive get_tree() Calls

3. 过多的get_tree()调用

Problem:
gdscript
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问题：
gdscript
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BAD: Repeated tree searches

BAD: Repeated tree searches

func update(): for enemy in get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("enemies"): # Process enemy
func check(): for item in get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("items"): # Process item

**Solution:**
```gdscript
func update(): for enemy in get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("enemies"): # Process enemy
func check(): for item in get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("items"): # Process item

**解决方案：**
```gdscript

GOOD: Cache groups or use signals

GOOD: Cache groups or use signals

var enemies: Array = []
func _ready(): enemies = get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("enemies") # Update when enemies added/removed via signals
undefined
var enemies: Array = []
func _ready(): enemies = get_tree().get_nodes_in_group("enemies") # Update when enemies added/removed via signals
undefined

4. Inefficient Collision Checking

4. 低效的碰撞检测

Problem:
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问题：
gdscript
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BAD: Checking all objects every frame

BAD: Checking all objects every frame

func _physics_process(delta): for object in all_objects: if global_position.distance_to(object.global_position) < 100: # Do something

**Solution:**
```gdscript
func _physics_process(delta): for object in all_objects: if global_position.distance_to(object.global_position) < 100: # Do something

**解决方案：**
```gdscript

GOOD: Use Area2D/Area3D for automatic detection

GOOD: Use Area2D/Area3D for automatic detection

@onready var detection_area = $DetectionArea
func _ready(): detection_area.body_entered.connect(_on_body_detected)
func _on_body_detected(body): # Only called when something enters range pass
undefined
@onready var detection_area = $DetectionArea
func _ready(): detection_area.body_entered.connect(_on_body_detected)
func _on_body_detected(body): # Only called when something enters range pass
undefined

5. Too Many Draw Calls

5. 过多的绘制调用

Problem:
  • Too many individual sprites
  • No texture atlasing
  • Excessive particles
  • Too many lights
Solution:
gdscript
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问题：
  • 过多的独立精灵
  • 未使用纹理图集
  • 粒子效果过多
  • 灯光数量过多
解决方案：
gdscript
undefined

Use TileMap instead of individual Sprite2D nodes

Use TileMap instead of individual Sprite2D nodes

Use MultiMeshInstance for repeated objects

Use MultiMeshInstance for repeated objects

Use texture atlases to batch sprites

Use texture atlases to batch sprites

Limit number of lights and particles

Limit number of lights and particles

Example: MultiMesh for coins

Example: MultiMesh for coins

@onready var multimesh_instance = $MultiMeshInstance2D
func _ready(): var multimesh = MultiMesh.new() multimesh.mesh = preload("res://meshes/coin.tres") multimesh.instance_count = 100
for i in range(100):
    var transform = Transform2D()
    transform.origin = Vector2(i * 50, 0)
    multimesh.set_instance_transform_2d(i, transform)

multimesh_instance.multimesh = multimesh
undefined
@onready var multimesh_instance = $MultiMeshInstance2D
func _ready(): var multimesh = MultiMesh.new() multimesh.mesh = preload("res://meshes/coin.tres") multimesh.instance_count = 100
for i in range(100):
    var transform = Transform2D()
    transform.origin = Vector2(i * 50, 0)
    multimesh.set_instance_transform_2d(i, transform)

multimesh_instance.multimesh = multimesh
undefined

6. Unoptimized Scripts

6. 未优化的脚本

Problem:
gdscript
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问题：
gdscript
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BAD: Creating new objects every frame

BAD: Creating new objects every frame

func _process(delta): var direction = Vector2.ZERO # New object every frame direction = (target.position - position).normalized()

**Solution:**
```gdscript
func _process(delta): var direction = Vector2.ZERO # New object every frame direction = (target.position - position).normalized()

**解决方案：**
```gdscript

GOOD: Reuse objects

GOOD: Reuse objects

var direction: Vector2 = Vector2.ZERO # Reused
func _process(delta): direction = (target.position - position).normalized()
undefined
var direction: Vector2 = Vector2.ZERO # Reused
func _process(delta): direction = (target.position - position).normalized()
undefined

Optimization Techniques

优化技术

1. Object Pooling

1. 对象池

gdscript
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gdscript
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Instead of creating/destroying objects frequently

Instead of creating/destroying objects frequently

class_name ObjectPool
var pool: Array = [] var prefab: PackedScene var pool_size: int = 20
func _init(scene: PackedScene, size: int): prefab = scene pool_size = size _fill_pool()
func _fill_pool(): for i in range(pool_size): var obj = prefab.instantiate() obj.set_process(false) obj.visible = false pool.append(obj)
func get_object(): if pool.is_empty(): return prefab.instantiate() var obj = pool.pop_back() obj.set_process(true) obj.visible = true return obj
func return_object(obj): obj.set_process(false) obj.visible = false pool.append(obj)
undefined
class_name ObjectPool
var pool: Array = [] var prefab: PackedScene var pool_size: int = 20
func _init(scene: PackedScene, size: int): prefab = scene pool_size = size _fill_pool()
func _fill_pool(): for i in range(pool_size): var obj = prefab.instantiate() obj.set_process(false) obj.visible = false pool.append(obj)
func get_object(): if pool.is_empty(): return prefab.instantiate() var obj = pool.pop_back() obj.set_process(true) obj.visible = true return obj
func return_object(obj): obj.set_process(false) obj.visible = false pool.append(obj)
undefined

2. Level of Detail (LOD)

2. 细节层次（LOD）

gdscript
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gdscript
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Switch to simpler models/sprites when far away

Switch to simpler models/sprites when far away

@export var lod_distances: Array[float] = [50.0, 100.0, 200.0] @onready var camera = get_viewport().get_camera_3d()
func _process(_delta): var distance = global_position.distance_to(camera.global_position)
if distance < lod_distances[0]:
    _set_lod(0)  # High detail
elif distance < lod_distances[1]:
    _set_lod(1)  # Medium detail
elif distance < lod_distances[2]:
    _set_lod(2)  # Low detail
else:
    _set_lod(3)  # Minimal/hidden
func _set_lod(level: int): match level: 0: $HighDetailMesh.visible = true $MedDetailMesh.visible = false set_physics_process(true) 1: $HighDetailMesh.visible = false $MedDetailMesh.visible = true set_physics_process(true) 2: $MedDetailMesh.visible = true set_physics_process(false) 3: visible = false set_process(false)
undefined
@export var lod_distances: Array[float] = [50.0, 100.0, 200.0] @onready var camera = get_viewport().get_camera_3d()
func _process(_delta): var distance = global_position.distance_to(camera.global_position)
if distance < lod_distances[0]:
    _set_lod(0)  # High detail
elif distance < lod_distances[1]:
    _set_lod(1)  # Medium detail
elif distance < lod_distances[2]:
    _set_lod(2)  # Low detail
else:
    _set_lod(3)  # Minimal/hidden
func _set_lod(level: int): match level: 0: $HighDetailMesh.visible = true $MedDetailMesh.visible = false set_physics_process(true) 1: $HighDetailMesh.visible = false $MedDetailMesh.visible = true set_physics_process(true) 2: $MedDetailMesh.visible = true set_physics_process(false) 3: visible = false set_process(false)
undefined

3. Spatial Partitioning

3. 空间分区

gdscript
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gdscript
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Only process objects in active area

Only process objects in active area

class_name ChunkManager
var active_chunks: Dictionary = {} var chunk_size: float = 100.0
func get_chunk_key(pos: Vector2) -> Vector2i: return Vector2i( int(pos.x / chunk_size), int(pos.y / chunk_size) )
func update_active_chunks(player_position: Vector2): var player_chunk = get_chunk_key(player_position)
# Activate nearby chunks
for x in range(-1, 2):
    for y in range(-1, 2):
        var chunk_key = player_chunk + Vector2i(x, y)
        if chunk_key not in active_chunks:
            _load_chunk(chunk_key)

# Deactivate far chunks
for chunk_key in active_chunks.keys():
    if chunk_key.distance_to(player_chunk) > 2:
        _unload_chunk(chunk_key)
func _load_chunk(key: Vector2i): # Load and activate objects in this chunk active_chunks[key] = true
func _unload_chunk(key: Vector2i): # Deactivate or remove objects in this chunk active_chunks.erase(key)
undefined
class_name ChunkManager
var active_chunks: Dictionary = {} var chunk_size: float = 100.0
func get_chunk_key(pos: Vector2) -> Vector2i: return Vector2i( int(pos.x / chunk_size), int(pos.y / chunk_size) )
func update_active_chunks(player_position: Vector2): var player_chunk = get_chunk_key(player_position)
# Activate nearby chunks
for x in range(-1, 2):
    for y in range(-1, 2):
        var chunk_key = player_chunk + Vector2i(x, y)
        if chunk_key not in active_chunks:
            _load_chunk(chunk_key)

# Deactivate far chunks
for chunk_key in active_chunks.keys():
    if chunk_key.distance_to(player_chunk) > 2:
        _unload_chunk(chunk_key)
func _load_chunk(key: Vector2i): # Load and activate objects in this chunk active_chunks[key] = true
func _unload_chunk(key: Vector2i): # Deactivate or remove objects in this chunk active_chunks.erase(key)
undefined

4. Efficient Collision Layers

4. 高效的碰撞层

gdscript
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gdscript
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Set up collision layers properly

Set up collision layers properly

Project Settings → Layer Names → 2D Physics

Project Settings → Layer Names → 2D Physics

Layer 1: Players

Layer 1: Players

Layer 2: Enemies

Layer 2: Enemies

Layer 3: Environment

Layer 3: Environment

Layer 4: Projectiles

Layer 4: Projectiles

Player only collides with enemies and environment

Player only collides with enemies and environment

func _ready(): collision_layer = 1 # Player is on layer 1 collision_mask = 6 # Collides with layers 2 (enemies) and 3 (environment) # Binary: 110 = 6 (layers 2 and 3)
undefined
func _ready(): collision_layer = 1 # Player is on layer 1 collision_mask = 6 # Collides with layers 2 (enemies) and 3 (environment) # Binary: 110 = 6 (layers 2 and 3)
undefined

5. Deferred Calls for Physics

5. 物理相关的延迟调用

gdscript
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gdscript
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Don't modify physics objects during physics callback

Don't modify physics objects during physics callback

func _on_body_entered(body): # BAD # body.queue_free() # $CollisionShape2D.disabled = true
# GOOD
body.call_deferred("queue_free")
$CollisionShape2D.call_deferred("set_disabled", true)
undefined
func _on_body_entered(body): # BAD # body.queue_free() # $CollisionShape2D.disabled = true
# GOOD
body.call_deferred("queue_free")
$CollisionShape2D.call_deferred("set_disabled", true)
undefined

Memory Optimization

内存优化

1. Texture Compression

1. 纹理压缩

Project Settings:
  • Import tab: Compress textures
  • Use VRAM compression for desktop
  • Use ETC2/ASTC for mobile
  • Reduce texture sizes where possible
项目设置：
  • 导入标签页：压缩纹理
  • 桌面端使用VRAM压缩
  • 移动端使用ETC2/ASTC压缩
  • 尽可能缩小纹理尺寸

2. Audio Optimization

2. 音频优化

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
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Use streaming for long audio (music, voice)

Use streaming for long audio (music, voice)

Use samples for short audio (SFX)

Use samples for short audio (SFX)

In import settings:

In import settings:

- Loop Mode: Disabled for SFX, Forward for music

- Loop Mode: Disabled for SFX, Forward for music

- Compress Mode: RAM for SFX, Streaming for music

- Compress Mode: RAM for SFX, Streaming for music

undefined
undefined

3. Scene Instancing

3. 场景实例化

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
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Use instancing instead of duplicating

Use instancing instead of duplicating

const ENEMY_SCENE = preload("res://enemies/enemy.tscn")
func spawn_enemy(): var enemy = ENEMY_SCENE.instantiate() # Shares resources add_child(enemy)
const ENEMY_SCENE = preload("res://enemies/enemy.tscn")
func spawn_enemy(): var enemy = ENEMY_SCENE.instantiate() # Shares resources add_child(enemy)

Avoid:

Avoid:

var enemy = $EnemyTemplate.duplicate() # Duplicates everything

var enemy = $EnemyTemplate.duplicate() # Duplicates everything

undefined
undefined

4. Resource Management

4. 资源管理

gdscript
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gdscript
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Free resources when done

Free resources when done

func remove_level(): for child in get_children(): child.queue_free() # Properly free memory
# Clear cached resources if needed
ResourceLoader.clear_cache()
undefined
func remove_level(): for child in get_children(): child.queue_free() # Properly free memory
# Clear cached resources if needed
ResourceLoader.clear_cache()
undefined

Rendering Optimization

渲染优化

2D Optimization

2D优化

gdscript
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gdscript
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1. Use CanvasLayer for UI (prevents redraw of game world)

1. Use CanvasLayer for UI (prevents redraw of game world)

2. Limit particle count

2. Limit particle count

3. Use Light2D sparingly

3. Use Light2D sparingly

4. Batch sprites with same texture

4. Batch sprites with same texture

Efficient particle system

Efficient particle system

@onready var particles = $GPUParticles2D
func _ready(): particles.amount = 50 # Not 500 particles.lifetime = 1.0 # Short lifetime particles.one_shot = true # Don't loop unnecessarily
undefined
@onready var particles = $GPUParticles2D
func _ready(): particles.amount = 50 # Not 500 particles.lifetime = 1.0 # Short lifetime particles.one_shot = true # Don't loop unnecessarily
undefined

3D Optimization

3D优化

gdscript
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gdscript
undefined

1. Use occlusion culling

1. Use occlusion culling

2. Bake lighting where possible

2. Bake lighting where possible

3. Use LOD for distant objects

3. Use LOD for distant objects

4. Limit shadow-casting lights

4. Limit shadow-casting lights

Efficient 3D setup

Efficient 3D setup

func _ready(): # Bake lighting $WorldEnvironment.environment.background_mode = Environment.BG_SKY
# Limit view distance
var camera = $Camera3D
camera.far = 500.0  # Don't render beyond this

# Use SDFGI for global illumination (Godot 4)
$WorldEnvironment.environment.sdfgi_enabled = true
undefined
func _ready(): # Bake lighting $WorldEnvironment.environment.background_mode = Environment.BG_SKY
# Limit view distance
var camera = $Camera3D
camera.far = 500.0  # Don't render beyond this

# Use SDFGI for global illumination (Godot 4)
$WorldEnvironment.environment.sdfgi_enabled = true
undefined

Profiling Workflow

性能分析流程

1. Identify Bottleneck

1. 识别瓶颈

  1. Run game with profiler open
  2. Identify which area is slowest:
    • Process
    • Physics
    • Rendering
    • Script
  1. 打开性能分析器运行游戏
  2. 确定哪个区域速度最慢：
    • 处理（Process）
    • 物理（Physics）
    • 渲染（Rendering）
    • 脚本（Script）

2. Locate Specific Issue

2. 定位具体问题

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
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Add timing to suspect code

Add timing to suspect code

var start_time = Time.get_ticks_usec()
var start_time = Time.get_ticks_usec()

Suspect code here

Suspect code here

_expensive_function()
var end_time = Time.get_ticks_usec() print("Function took: ", (end_time - start_time) / 1000.0, " ms")
undefined
_expensive_function()
var end_time = Time.get_ticks_usec() print("Function took: ", (end_time - start_time) / 1000.0, " ms")
undefined

3. Apply Optimizations

3. 应用优化方案

  • Cache lookups
  • Reduce frequency
  • Use more efficient algorithms
  • Remove unnecessary work
  • 缓存查找结果
  • 降低调用频率
  • 使用更高效的算法
  • 移除不必要的操作

4. Measure Results

4. 验证结果

  • Re-run profiler
  • Verify improvement
  • Ensure no regressions
  • 重新运行性能分析器
  • 确认性能提升
  • 确保没有回归问题

Platform-Specific Optimization

平台特定优化

Mobile Optimization

移动端优化

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
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Detect mobile platform

Detect mobile platform

func _ready(): if OS.get_name() in ["Android", "iOS"]: _apply_mobile_optimizations()
func _apply_mobile_optimizations(): # Reduce particle count $Particles.amount = $Particles.amount / 2
# Simplify shaders
# Lower resolution
get_viewport().size = get_viewport().size * 0.75

# Disable expensive effects
$WorldEnvironment.environment.ssao_enabled = false
$WorldEnvironment.environment.glow_enabled = false
undefined
func _ready(): if OS.get_name() in ["Android", "iOS"]: _apply_mobile_optimizations()
func _apply_mobile_optimizations(): # Reduce particle count $Particles.amount = $Particles.amount / 2
# Simplify shaders
# Lower resolution
get_viewport().size = get_viewport().size * 0.75

# Disable expensive effects
$WorldEnvironment.environment.ssao_enabled = false
$WorldEnvironment.environment.glow_enabled = false
undefined

Web (HTML5) Optimization

Web（HTML5）优化

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
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Reduce initial load

Reduce initial load

Use streaming for assets

Use streaming for assets

Limit memory usage

Limit memory usage

Avoid heavy physics calculations

Avoid heavy physics calculations

undefined
undefined

Performance Testing Checklist

性能测试检查清单

  • Frame rate stays at target (60 FPS or 30 FPS)
  • No frame drops during intense scenes
  • Memory usage stable (no leaks)
  • Load times acceptable (<3 seconds)
  • Physics stable (no jitter or tunneling)
  • Mobile: Battery usage reasonable
  • Web: Fast initial load, no freezes
  • 帧率稳定在目标值（60帧或30帧）
  • 激烈场景下无掉帧
  • 内存使用稳定（无泄漏）
  • 加载时间可接受（<3秒）
  • 物理效果稳定（无抖动或穿模）
  • 移动端：电池消耗合理
  • Web端：初始加载快，无卡顿

When to Activate This Skill

何时启用该技能

Activate when the user:
  • Mentions lag, stuttering, or slow performance
  • Asks about optimization techniques
  • Requests performance analysis
  • Mentions FPS drops or frame rate issues
  • Asks about profiling or benchmarking
  • Needs help with mobile/web optimization
  • Mentions memory issues or crashes
  • Asks "why is my game slow?"
当用户出现以下情况时启用：
  • 提到卡顿、掉帧或性能缓慢
  • 询问优化技术
  • 请求性能分析
  • 提到FPS下降或帧率问题
  • 询问性能分析或基准测试相关内容
  • 需要移动端/Web端优化帮助
  • 提到内存问题或崩溃
  • 询问“为什么我的游戏这么慢？”

Optimization Workflow

优化工作流程

  1. Profile - Use Godot profiler to identify bottleneck
  2. Locate - Find specific code causing issue
  3. Optimize - Apply appropriate optimization technique
  4. Test - Verify improvement without breaking functionality
  5. Document - Note what was changed and why
Always explain:
  • WHY something is slow
  • WHAT optimization technique to use
  • HOW to implement it
  • WHAT the expected improvement is
  1. 分析 - 使用Godot性能分析器识别瓶颈
  2. 定位 - 找到导致问题的具体代码
  3. 优化 - 应用合适的优化技术
  4. 测试 - 验证性能提升且不影响功能
  5. 记录 - 记录修改内容及原因
始终需要解释：
  • 为什么某个操作会变慢
  • 使用哪种优化技术
  • 如何实现该优化
  • 预期的性能提升效果