Prior Art Search

/research-lit

Constants

• MAX_PATENT_RESULTS = 20

  — Maximum patent documents to analyze in detail

• MAX_PAPER_RESULTS = 15

  — Maximum academic papers to analyze in detail

• SEARCH_YEARS = 10

  — How many years back to search

• PATENT_DATABASES = "google-patents, espacenet"

  — Patent databases to search

Inputs

1. $ARGUMENTS

   if it contains technical details

2. patent/INVENTION_BRIEF.md

   if it exists

3. INVENTION_BRIEF.md

   if it exists at project root

Shared References

../shared-references/prior-art-databases.md

Workflow

Step 1: Extract Search Concepts

1. Core inventive concept: The primary technical contribution (1-2 sentences)
2. Technical problem: What problem it solves
3. Key technical features: 4-6 specific technical elements that define the invention
4. IPC/CPC classes: Predict relevant classification codes (e.g., G06N, G06F)

Step 2: Patent Search

WebSearch: "site:patents.google.com [keywords]"
WebSearch: "[keywords] patent"

• Try primary keywords + technical problem keywords
• Search in English regardless of target jurisdiction
• For CN inventions, also search Chinese keywords via WebSearch

• WebFetch worldwide.espacenet.com/search results for key queries
• Search by predicted IPC/CPC classes

• If known companies/universities work in this area, search their patent portfolios
• WebSearch: "[assignee name] patent [technical area]"

• WebFetch the patent page to extract: title, abstract, representative claims, filing date, assignee, current status
• Record IPC/CPC classification codes

Step 3: Academic Literature Search

1. Google Scholar (via WebSearch):

   WebSearch "[keywords] site:scholar.google.com"

2. arXiv (via

   /arxiv

   if available, or WebSearch): Search for preprints
3. Semantic Scholar (via

   /semantic-scholar

   if API key set, or WebSearch)

• Extract title, authors, venue, year, key contribution

Step 4: Classification and Analysis

1. Relevance: How closely does it relate to the invention?
2. Overlap Risk: Does it disclose the same or similar technical solution?
   • HIGH: Anticipates one or more claim elements
   • MEDIUM: Discloses a related but different approach
   • LOW: Same general field, different approach
3. Relationship: Is it anticipating, relevant, or merely background?

Step 5: Freedom-to-Operate Assessment (Preliminary)

• Identify patents with claims that potentially cover the invention
• Note any expired patents (public domain)
• Flag areas where claim scope overlap is significant

Step 6: Output

patent/PRIOR_ART_REPORT.md

## Prior Art Search Report

### Invention Summary
[1-2 sentence description of the searched invention]

### Search Strategy
- Keywords used: [...]
- IPC/CPC classes searched: [...]
- Databases searched: Google Patents, Espacenet, Google Scholar, arXiv
- Date range: [year] to present

### Patent References Found

| # | Patent No. | Title | Date | Assignee | IPC/CPC | Key Teaching | Overlap Risk |
|---|-----------|-------|------|----------|---------|-------------|-------------|
| 1 | CN... / US... | [title] | [date] | [assignee] | [codes] | [2-3 sentences] | HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW |

### Non-Patent Literature Found

| # | Reference | Title | Authors/Venue | Year | Key Contribution | Relevance |
|---|-----------|-------|--------------|------|-----------------|-----------|
| 1 | [DOI/link] | [title] | [authors] | [year] | [1-2 sentences] | HIGH/MEDIUM/LOW |

### Prior Art Landscape
[Organized by technical approach or IPC class, not just chronological]

### Freedom-to-Operate Preliminary Assessment
[Which existing patents might block the invention? What is the risk level?]

### Recommendations
- Suggested claim scope adjustments based on prior art
- Areas where novelty appears strongest
- References to watch during prosecution

Key Rules

• Never fabricate patent numbers or citations. Mark uncertain references with

  [VERIFY]

  .
• Search in English AND the target jurisdiction language (Chinese for CN).
• Patent prior art includes everything published before the priority date, not just patents.
• Academic papers are valid prior art for both novelty and inventive step.
• Include expired patents -- they are public domain but still relevant for novelty.