refresh
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ChineseCustomer Refresh Skill - v1.0.0
客户信息更新 Skill - v1.0.0
Periodic customer review with independent re-verification to maintain ongoing due diligence compliance and detect material changes.
通过独立重新验证进行定期客户审核,以维持持续尽职调查合规性并发现重大变化。
Overview
概述
Refresh is mandatory continuing monitoring required under AMLD5 (UK/EU), FinCEN CDD Rule (US), and MENA regional regulations. This skill re-runs the Step 0 onboarding verification framework to establish whether material changes have occurred and risk profile remains appropriate.
Key Principle: Refresh detects what changed, not what was previously found.
客户信息更新是英国/欧盟AMLD5、美国FinCEN CDD规则以及中东和北非(MENA)地区监管要求下的强制性持续监控工作。本Skill会重新运行初始入职验证框架(Step 0),以确认是否发生重大变化以及风险状况是否仍然合适。
核心原则: 客户信息更新旨在检测发生的变化,而非重复之前已发现的内容。
Why Refresh Matters
客户信息更新的重要性
Regulatory frameworks across all jurisdictions mandate ongoing monitoring because:
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Risk Emergence: Beneficial ownership, regulatory status, and threat profiles evolve. A low-risk business can pivot to high-risk sectors; transparent ownership can become hidden.
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Sanction Exposure: Designation lists update monthly. Customers or their beneficial owners may become PEPs, fall under sanctions, or face criminal charges.
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Adverse Media Detection: News of regulatory enforcement, criminal convictions, or corruption allegations may not appear during onboarding but emerge later.
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Beneficial Ownership Verification: AMLD5 and FinCEN BOI Rule require periodic confirmation that beneficial ownership information remains accurate and complete.
所有司法管辖区的监管框架都要求持续监控,原因如下:
-
风险浮现: 实益所有权、监管状态和威胁状况会不断演变。低风险企业可能转向高风险领域;透明的所有权结构可能变得隐蔽。
-
制裁暴露: 制裁名单每月更新。客户或其实益所有人可能成为政治公众人物(PEP)、被列入制裁名单或面临刑事指控。
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负面媒体检测: 监管执法、刑事定罪或腐败指控的新闻可能在入职阶段未出现,但在后续浮现。
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实益所有权验证: AMLD5和FinCEN BOI规则要求定期确认实益所有权信息的准确性和完整性。
Refresh Intervals by Risk Category
按风险类别划分的更新间隔
See detailed regulatory requirements:
- UK/EU: regulations-uk-eu.md
- MENA: regulations-mena.md
- US: regulations-us.md
Quick Reference:
- HIGH: Annual (all regions)
- MEDIUM: 24 months (UK/EU), 6 months (MENA)
- LOW: 36 months (UK/EU), 12 months (MENA/US)
查看详细监管要求:
- 英国/欧盟: regulations-uk-eu.md
- 中东和北非(MENA): regulations-mena.md
- 美国: regulations-us.md
快速参考:
- 高风险:每年一次(所有地区)
- 中风险:24个月(英国/欧盟),6个月(MENA)
- 低风险:36个月(英国/欧盟),12个月(MENA/美国)
Refresh Triggers
更新触发因素
See complete trigger library: refresh-triggers.md
Types of Triggers:
- Time-based: Scheduled per risk category
- Risk-based: Customer risk score change, business model shift, regulatory classification change
- Event-based: Sanctions alert, adverse media, regulatory enforcement, MLRO escalation closure
查看完整触发因素库:refresh-triggers.md
触发因素类型:
- 基于时间: 根据风险类别定期安排
- 基于风险: 客户风险评分变化、业务模式转变、监管分类变更
- 基于事件: 制裁警报、负面媒体报道、监管执法、MLRO升级结案
Step-by-Step Refresh Procedure
分步更新流程
Step 1: Initiate Refresh [HITL Checkpoint]
步骤1:启动更新 [人工检查节点]
Analyst Actions:
- Open customer profile and verify last refresh date vs. risk category
- Confirm trigger: Time-based, risk-based, or event-based (document in case file)
- Export original onboarding report to compare findings
- Review original 5 searches performed at Step 0 onboarding:
- Search 1: Google/LinkedIn/Business Registry (public profile, business interests)
- Search 2: Sanctions/Regulatory (OFAC/PEP databases, regulatory records)
- Search 3: Adverse Media (news, adverse events, regulatory actions)
- Search 4: Corporate Records (ownership structure, filings, director changes)
- Search 5: Financial Risk (credit reports, industry risk indicators, market data)
Manager Checkpoint:
- Confirm refresh is timely (not premature, not overdue)
- Verify trigger is documented and justified
- Approve proceeding to Step 2
分析师操作:
- 打开客户档案,验证上次更新日期与风险类别是否匹配
- 确认触发因素:基于时间、基于风险或基于事件(记录在案件文件中)
- 导出初始入职报告以对比结果
- 回顾初始入职Step 0执行的5项搜索:
- 搜索1:谷歌/领英/商业注册机构(公开资料、业务兴趣)
- 搜索2:制裁/监管数据库(OFAC/PEP数据库、监管记录)
- 搜索3:负面媒体(新闻、负面事件、监管行动)
- 搜索4:企业记录(所有权结构、备案文件、董事变更)
- 搜索5:财务风险(信用报告、行业风险指标、市场数据)
经理检查节点:
- 确认更新时机恰当(未提前、未逾期)
- 验证触发因素已记录并合理
- 批准进入步骤2
Step 2: Re-Run 5 Independent Searches [HITL Checkpoint]
步骤2:重新执行5项独立搜索 [人工检查节点]
Repeat exact searches from onboarding to establish fresh baseline.
Search 1: Public Profile & Business Interests
- Google search: Customer name + company name
- LinkedIn profile review
- Company registry filings (Companies House UK, SEC Edgar US, local registries)
- Business database review (Bloomberg, Crunchbase, business.gov.uk)
- Compare to original: New directorships? Business pivots? Changed sectors?
Search 2: Sanctions & Regulatory Databases
- OFAC SDN List (US)
- EU Sanctions Lists
- UK Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI)
- UN Consolidated Sanctions List
- INTERPOL Red/Yellow Notices
- Compare to original: Any new matches? Designations on family members?
Search 3: Adverse Media Review
- Google News search (5-year lookback)
- Reuters/Bloomberg news terminals
- Adverse media monitoring service (LexisNexis, World-Check, Refinitiv)
- Regulatory enforcement databases
- Criminal record databases (jurisdiction-specific)
- Compare to original: New media coverage? Regulatory actions? Criminal charges?
Search 4: Corporate Structure & Beneficial Ownership
- Company registry beneficial ownership filings
- Corporate structure diagrams (if available from data providers)
- Director and shareholder searches
- Related entity searches (common shareholders, directors)
- Ownership chain verification
- Compare to original: New beneficial owners? Changes in shareholder structure? Hidden beneficial ownership patterns?
Search 5: Financial Risk Indicators
- Credit report review (if available and permitted)
- Financial viability indicators (industry reports, market data)
- Industry risk assessment (sector risk changes?)
- Geographic risk mapping (new operations in high-risk jurisdictions?)
- Transaction pattern baseline (if monitoring data available)
Analyst Documentation:
- Record all 5 searches with dates, platforms used, search terms
- Screenshot or document key findings
- Note "No new findings" vs. "New findings" for each search
Manager Checkpoint:
- Confirm all 5 searches were completed
- Verify search methodology matches original onboarding
- Approve moving to Step 3 (change comparison)
重复入职时的完全相同搜索,建立新的基准。
搜索1:公开资料与业务兴趣
- 谷歌搜索:客户姓名 + 公司名称
- 领英资料审核
- 公司注册备案文件(英国Companies House、美国SEC Edgar、当地注册机构)
- 商业数据库审核(Bloomberg、Crunchbase、business.gov.uk)
- 与初始结果对比: 是否有新的董事职位?业务转型?行业变更?
搜索2:制裁与监管数据库
- 美国OFAC特别指定国民名单(SDN List)
- 欧盟制裁名单
- 英国金融制裁实施办公室(OFSI)
- 联合国综合制裁名单
- 国际刑警组织红色/黄色通报
- 与初始结果对比: 是否有新匹配?家庭成员被列入制裁名单?
搜索3:负面媒体审核
- 谷歌新闻搜索(回溯5年)
- 路透社/Bloomberg新闻终端
- 负面媒体监控服务(LexisNexis、World-Check、Refinitiv)
- 监管执法数据库
- 刑事记录数据库(司法管辖区特定)
- 与初始结果对比: 是否有新的媒体报道?监管行动?刑事指控?
搜索4:企业结构与实益所有权
- 公司注册机构的实益所有权备案文件
- 企业结构图(若数据提供商有提供)
- 董事和股东搜索
- 关联实体搜索(共同股东、董事)
- 所有权链验证
- 与初始结果对比: 是否有新的实益所有人?股东结构变更?隐藏的实益所有权模式?
搜索5:财务风险指标
- 信用报告审核(若可获取且允许)
- 财务可行性指标(行业报告、市场数据)
- 行业风险评估(行业风险是否变化?)
- 地域风险映射(是否在高风险司法管辖区开展新业务?)
- 交易模式基准(若有监控数据)
分析师文档记录:
- 记录所有5项搜索的日期、使用平台、搜索关键词
- 截图或记录关键发现
- 标注每项搜索“无新发现”或“有新发现”
经理检查节点:
- 确认所有5项搜索已完成
- 验证搜索方法与初始入职一致
- 批准进入步骤3(变化对比)
Step 3: Identify Material Changes [HITL Checkpoint]
步骤3:识别重大变化 [人工检查节点]
Compare refresh findings to original onboarding findings.
Material Changes (Automatic Escalation):
-
Beneficial Ownership Changes
- New beneficial owner with 25%+ stake
- Beneficial owner departure (25%+ stakeholder)
- Evidence of beneficial ownership concealment
- Change to nominee or trust ownership structure
- Action: ESCALATE to Manager + MLRO
-
Business Structure Changes
- Corporate restructuring (merger, acquisition, restructure)
- Business sector pivot to high-risk sector (crypto, gambling, trade finance, weapons)
- Loss of regulatory status or license
- Action: ESCALATE to Manager + MLRO
-
Regulatory Changes
- Customer becomes regulated entity (escalate for new due diligence)
- Customer loses regulatory authorization
- Regulatory enforcement action against customer or principals
- Action: ESCALATE to Manager + MLRO
-
Sanctions & Adverse Media Changes
- Sanctions designation (any customer or beneficial owner)
- Adverse media: regulatory enforcement, criminal conviction, corruption allegation
- INTERPOL or criminal investigation listing
- Action: IMMEDIATE ESCALATION (same-day MLRO notification)
Non-Material Changes (Risk Assessment Update):
- Address change within expected geographic scope
- Standard corporate governance changes (board rotation, officer changes)
- Business expansion within same risk sector
- Beneficial ownership updates confirming prior findings
Analyst Documentation:
- List all findings (new and unchanged)
- Flag each finding as "Material Change" or "Update"
- For material changes: document source, date discovered, risk implication
- For updates: brief note confirming prior findings still valid
Manager Checkpoint:
- Confirm change classifications (material vs. non-material)
- Verify material changes are documented with source evidence
- Determine escalation path (Manager review, MLRO notification, immediate quarantine)
将更新结果与初始入职结果进行对比。
重大变化(自动升级):
-
实益所有权变更
- 持有25%以上股权的新实益所有人
- 持有25%以上股权的实益所有人离职
- 存在实益所有权隐瞒的证据
- nominee或信托所有权结构变更
- 行动: 升级至经理 + MLRO
-
业务结构变更
- 企业重组(合并、收购、重组)
- 业务转向高风险领域(加密货币、赌博、贸易融资、武器)
- 失去监管资质或许可证
- 行动: 升级至经理 + MLRO
-
监管状态变更
- 客户成为受监管实体(需升级进行新的尽职调查)
- 客户失去监管授权
- 针对客户或负责人的监管执法行动
- 行动: 升级至经理 + MLRO
-
制裁与负面媒体变更
- 被列入制裁名单(任何客户或实益所有人)
- 负面媒体:监管执法、刑事定罪、腐败指控
- 国际刑警组织或刑事调查名单
- 行动: 立即升级(当日通知MLRO)
非重大变化(风险评估更新):
- 在预期地理范围内变更地址
- 标准公司治理变更(董事会换届、管理人员变更)
- 同一风险领域内的业务扩张
- 确认初始结果有效的实益所有权更新
分析师文档记录:
- 列出所有发现(新发现和未变更内容)
- 将每项发现标记为“重大变化”或“更新”
- 对于重大变化:记录来源、发现日期、风险影响
- 对于更新:简要说明初始结果仍然有效
经理检查节点:
- 确认变化分类(重大vs非重大)
- 验证重大变化已附有来源证据记录
- 确定升级路径(经理审核、MLRO通知、立即隔离)
Step 4: Risk Re-Assessment [HITL Checkpoint]
步骤4:风险重新评估 [人工检查节点]
Update customer risk category based on refresh findings.
Risk Categories:
- HIGH: PEPs, beneficial owners of complex structures, high-value customers, high-risk sectors, frequent transactions to high-risk jurisdictions, family of sanctions targets
- MEDIUM: Established businesses in moderate-risk sectors, some international activity, standard corporate governance
- LOW: EU regulated entities, transparent ownership, narrow scope of business, domestic focus, established markets
Reassessment Decision Tree:
- Were any MATERIAL CHANGES found? → ESCALATE (see Step 3)
- Do new findings increase risk? → Upgrade risk category or maintain current level
- Do any findings decrease risk? → Consider downgrade (documented justification)
- No material changes found → Confirm existing risk category with brief note
Documentation:
- Current risk category (HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW)
- Reassessed risk category (if changed)
- Justification for any risk category change
- Next refresh date per new risk category
Manager Checkpoint:
- Review risk assessment rationale
- Confirm risk category is appropriate for findings
- Approve risk decision and next refresh schedule
根据更新结果更新客户风险类别。
风险类别:
- 高风险: 政治公众人物(PEP)、复杂结构的实益所有人、高价值客户、高风险领域、频繁与高风险司法管辖区交易、制裁目标的亲属
- 中风险: 成熟的中等风险领域企业、部分国际业务、标准公司治理
- 低风险: 欧盟受监管实体、透明所有权、业务范围狭窄、聚焦国内、成熟市场
重新评估决策树:
- 是否发现任何重大变化? → 升级(见步骤3)
- 新发现是否增加风险? → 升级风险类别或维持当前级别
- 是否有发现降低风险? → 考虑降级(需记录理由)
- 未发现重大变化 → 确认现有风险类别并简要说明
文档记录:
- 当前风险类别(高、中、低)
- 重新评估后的风险类别(若有变更)
- 任何风险类别变更的理由
- 根据新风险类别确定的下一次更新日期
经理检查节点:
- 审核风险评估理由
- 确认风险类别与发现结果匹配
- 批准风险决策和下一次更新计划
Step 5: Material Change Escalation (If Applicable)
步骤5:重大变化升级(如适用)
When to Escalate:
All material changes from Step 3 require escalation. Route to:
- Manager: For review and oversight (all escalations)
- MLRO (Money Laundering Reporting Officer): For determination of SAR-reportability (US) or regulatory reporting (UK/EU/MENA)
Escalation Urgency:
- IMMEDIATE (same-day): Sanctions designation, criminal charges, evidence of beneficial ownership concealment
- PRIORITY (24-48 hours): New beneficial owners, business pivots to high-risk sectors, regulatory enforcement actions
- STANDARD (1 week): Material ownership changes, loss of regulatory authorization, substantial adverse media
Manager Actions:
- Review refresh findings and material change determination
- Assess customer account risk and transaction history
- Determine if SAR/suspicious activity reporting required
- Decision: Escalate to MLRO, escalate to compliance team for investigation, or route to specialized unit
MLRO Actions:
- Evaluate suspicious activity pattern (if Manager refers)
- Determine regulatory reporting obligation
- Determine account actions: monitoring enhancement, transaction review, account closure review
- Document decision and rationale in case file
Post-Escalation:
- Account placed on enhanced monitoring pending resolution
- Next refresh scheduled after escalation resolved and account decision made
升级时机:
步骤3中的所有重大变化都需要升级。上报至:
- 经理: 进行审核和监督(所有升级)
- MLRO(反洗钱报告官): 确定是否需要提交可疑活动报告(SAR,美国)或监管报告(英国/欧盟/MENA)
升级优先级:
- 立即(当日): 被列入制裁名单、刑事指控、存在实益所有权隐瞒的证据
- 优先(24-48小时): 新实益所有人、业务转向高风险领域、监管执法行动
- 标准(1周): 重大所有权变更、失去监管授权、严重负面媒体报道
经理操作:
- 审核更新结果和重大变化判定
- 评估客户账户风险和交易历史
- 确定是否需要提交可疑活动报告(SAR)
- 决策:升级至MLRO、升级至合规团队进行调查或转至专门部门
MLRO操作:
- 评估可疑活动模式(若经理提交)
- 确定监管报告义务
- 确定账户行动:加强监控、交易审核、账户关闭审核
- 在案件文件中记录决策和理由
升级后:
- 账户在解决前被置于加强监控状态
- 升级解决并做出账户决策后安排下一次更新
Step 6: Generate Output & Schedule Next Refresh
步骤6:生成输出并安排下一次更新
Output Template: Use locked template from OUTPUT_TEMPLATES/refresh-report.md
Refresh Report Contains:
- Refresh initiation date and trigger
- Summary of 5 searches conducted (platforms, dates)
- Key findings from each search (new and unchanged)
- Comparison table: Original onboarding vs. refresh findings
- Material change determination (yes/no, what changed)
- Risk category re-assessment with justification
- Escalation decision and routing (if applicable)
- Manager sign-off with name, date
- MLRO referral summary (if escalated)
- Next refresh date scheduled
Case File Updates:
- Attach refresh report to customer case file
- Link to original onboarding findings for comparison
- Update customer profile with new information (address, beneficial owners, regulatory status)
- Update risk category and next refresh date in system
Schedule Next Refresh:
- HIGH risk: 12 months from refresh date
- MEDIUM risk: 24 months from refresh date (36 months for HIGH if reassessed to MEDIUM)
- LOW risk: 36 months from refresh date
- Set system reminder for 30 days before due date
Manager Final Checkpoint:
- Refresh report complete and accurate
- Case file updated with findings
- Next refresh date scheduled appropriately
- Escalations routed correctly (if applicable)
- Archive refresh documentation per retention requirements
输出模板: 使用OUTPUT_TEMPLATES/refresh-report.md中的锁定模板
更新报告包含:
- 更新启动日期和触发因素
- 所执行5项搜索的摘要(平台、日期)
- 每项搜索的关键发现(新发现和未变更内容)
- 对比表:初始入职vs更新结果
- 重大变化判定(是/否,具体变化内容)
- 附有理由的风险类别重新评估
- 升级决策和上报路径(如适用)
- 经理签字(姓名、日期)
- MLRO转介摘要(如已升级)
- 已安排的下一次更新日期
案件文件更新:
- 将更新报告附加至客户案件文件
- 链接至初始入职结果以便对比
- 用新信息更新客户档案(地址、实益所有人、监管状态)
- 在系统中更新风险类别和下一次更新日期
安排下一次更新:
- 高风险:自更新日期起12个月
- 中风险:自更新日期起24个月(若从高风险重新评估为中风险则为36个月)
- 低风险:自更新日期起36个月
- 设置系统提醒,在到期前30天触发
经理最终检查节点:
- 更新报告完整准确
- 案件文件已更新发现结果
- 下一次更新日期安排恰当
- 升级已正确上报(如适用)
- 根据留存要求归档更新文档
Material Change Examples
重大变化示例
Scenario 1: Business Pivot (Material Change)
场景1:业务转型(重大变化)
Original: Business consulting firm, LOW risk, 3-year refresh cycle
Refresh finds: Company now offers crypto trading services and investment management
Analysis: Business pivoted to high-risk sector (crypto) without prior disclosure
Action: ESCALATE - Material change, risk reassessment required (likely HIGH)
初始状态: 商业咨询公司,低风险,3年更新周期
更新发现: 公司现在提供加密货币交易服务和投资管理
分析: 业务未提前披露即转向高风险领域(加密货币)
行动: 升级 - 重大变化,需重新评估风险(可能变为高风险)
Scenario 2: Beneficial Owner Change (Material Change)
场景2:实益所有人变更(重大变化)
Original: Family-owned business, clear beneficial ownership, MEDIUM risk
Refresh finds: New beneficial owner acquired 30% stake via offshore entity, beneficial ownership structure now opaque
Analysis: Beneficial ownership changed materially, transparency decreased
Action: ESCALATE - Investigate new beneficial owner, determine if concealment patterns present
初始状态: 家族企业,实益所有权清晰,中风险
更新发现: 新实益所有人通过离岸实体获得30%股权,实益所有权结构现在不透明
分析: 实益所有权发生重大变化,透明度降低
行动: 升级 - 调查新实益所有人,确定是否存在隐瞒模式
Scenario 3: Regulatory Action (Material Change)
场景3:监管行动(重大变化)
Original: Financial services firm with valid licenses, MEDIUM risk
Refresh finds: Regulatory authority issued enforcement action for compliance failures; CEO charged with fraud (media alert)
Analysis: Regulatory status changed; principals now under criminal investigation
Action: IMMEDIATE ESCALATION - Contact MLRO for SAR evaluation and account disposition
初始状态: 持有有效许可证的金融服务公司,中风险
更新发现: 监管机构因合规问题发布执法行动;CEO被指控欺诈(媒体警报)
分析: 监管状态变更;负责人现在处于刑事调查中
行动: 立即升级 - 联系MLRO进行SAR评估和账户处置
Scenario 4: No Material Changes (Update Only)
场景4:无重大变化(仅更新)
Original: E-commerce business, transparent ownership, MEDIUM risk
Refresh finds: Address moved within same city; new CFO on board; annual revenue growth documented
Analysis: No material changes to beneficial ownership, business model, or regulatory status; governance updates are normal
Action: CONFIRM risk category, document findings, schedule next refresh per 24-month interval
初始状态: 电子商务企业,所有权透明,中风险
更新发现: 地址迁至同一城市;新任CFO上任;记录了年收入增长
分析: 实益所有权、业务模式或监管状态无重大变化;治理更新属于正常情况
行动: 确认风险类别,记录发现结果,按24个月间隔安排下一次更新
Regional Compliance Notes
区域合规说明
Refresh requirements vary by jurisdiction. See detailed guidance:
- UK/EU: regulations-uk-eu.md - AMLD5 compliance, annual HIGH risk
- MENA: regulations-mena.md - Enhanced QUARTERLY for HIGH risk per UACB/SAMA
- US: regulations-us.md - FinCEN CDD rule, annual HIGH risk
Multi-Jurisdictional Customers: Apply most stringent requirement. If customer operates in both UK and US, use annual refresh interval (both jurisdictions require annual for HIGH risk).
更新要求因司法管辖区而异。查看详细指南:
- 英国/欧盟: regulations-uk-eu.md - AMLD5合规,高风险客户每年更新
- 中东和北非(MENA): regulations-mena.md - 根据UACB/SAMA要求,高风险客户需每季度加强更新
- 美国: regulations-us.md - FinCEN CDD规则,高风险客户每年更新
跨司法管辖区客户: 适用最严格的要求。若客户同时在英国和美国运营,采用每年更新间隔(两个司法管辖区均要求高风险客户每年更新)。
Locked Output Template
锁定输出模板
Use:
/OUTPUT_TEMPLATES/refresh-report.mdEnsures consistent documentation and audit trail compliance.
Version: 1.0.0
Last Updated: 2026-02-12
Author: Vyayasan
Regulated: AMLD5 (UK/EU), FinCEN CDD Rule (US), UACB/SAMA (MENA)
MCP Integration: Uses same ~~browser, ~~excel, ~~pdf connectors as onboarding workflow. See .
CONNECTORS.md使用:
/OUTPUT_TEMPLATES/refresh-report.md确保文档记录一致并符合审计追踪合规要求。
版本: 1.0.0
最后更新: 2026-02-12
作者: Vyayasan
适用监管: AMLD5(英国/欧盟)、FinCEN CDD Rule(美国)、UACB/SAMA(MENA)
MCP集成: 使用与入职工作流相同的~~browser、~~excel、~~pdf连接器。详见。
CONNECTORS.md