perplexity

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Original

English

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Chinese

Perplexity AI

AI search engine that provides real-time web-grounded answers with source citations. Unlike traditional search, Perplexity synthesizes information from multiple sources into coherent responses.

Official docs: https://docs.perplexity.ai/

一款AI搜索引擎，可提供基于实时网络信息的答案并附带来源引用。与传统搜索引擎不同，Perplexity会将多个来源的信息整合为连贯的回答。

官方文档：https://docs.perplexity.ai/

When to Use

使用场景

Use this skill when you need to:

Get real-time information with source citations
Research topics that require up-to-date web data
Answer complex questions that need multi-source synthesis
Perform academic or SEC filings research
Get AI-generated summaries grounded in current web content

在以下场景中可以使用该工具：

获取带来源引用的实时信息
研究需要最新网络数据的主题
回答需要多来源信息整合的复杂问题
进行学术研究或SEC文件调研
获取基于当前网络内容的AI生成摘要

Prerequisites

前置条件

Create an account at https://perplexity.ai/
Navigate to API settings: https://perplexity.ai/account/api
Generate an API key

Set environment variable:

bash

export PERPLEXITY_API_KEY="pplx-your-api-key"

Important: When using
$VAR
in a command that pipes to another command, wrap the command containing
$VAR
in
bash -c '...'
. Due to a Claude Code bug, environment variables are silently cleared when pipes are used directly.
bash
bash -c 'curl -s "https://api.example.com" -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY"' | jq .

在https://perplexity.ai/ 创建账户
进入API设置页面：https://perplexity.ai/account/api
生成API密钥

设置环境变量：

bash

export PERPLEXITY_API_KEY="pplx-your-api-key"

重要提示：当在包含管道操作的命令中使用
$VAR
时，请将包含
$VAR
的命令用
bash -c '...'
包裹。由于Claude Code的bug，直接使用管道时环境变量会被自动清除。
bash
bash -c 'curl -s "https://api.example.com" -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY"' | jq .

How to Use

使用方法

1. Chat Completions (Recommended)

1. 对话补全（推荐）

AI-powered Q&A with web search and citations. OpenAI SDK compatible.

Basic query with sonar model:

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "What is the current price of Bitcoin?"}
  ]
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

With system prompt:

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "system", "content": "Be precise and concise. Answer in bullet points."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "What are the latest developments in AI?"}
  ]
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

Advanced query with sonar-pro:

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar-pro",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Compare the latest iPhone and Samsung Galaxy flagship phones"}
  ],
  "temperature": 0.2,
  "web_search_options": {
    "search_context_size": "high"
  }
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

结合网络搜索与引用标注的AI问答功能，兼容OpenAI SDK。

使用sonar模型的基础查询：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "What is the current price of Bitcoin?"}
  ]
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

包含系统提示词的查询：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "system", "content": "Be precise and concise. Answer in bullet points."},
    {"role": "user", "content": "What are the latest developments in AI?"}
  ]
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

使用sonar-pro模型的高级查询：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar-pro",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Compare the latest iPhone and Samsung Galaxy flagship phones"}
  ],
  "temperature": 0.2,
  "web_search_options": {
    "search_context_size": "high"
  }
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

2. Search with Domain Filter

2. 带域名过滤的搜索

Limit search to specific domains.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Latest research on transformer architectures"}
  ],
  "search_domain_filter": ["arxiv.org", "openai.com", "anthropic.com"]
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

Exclude domains (add
-
prefix):

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Best programming practices"}
  ],
  "search_domain_filter": ["-reddit.com", "-quora.com"]
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

将搜索范围限制在特定域名内。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Latest research on transformer architectures"}
  ],
  "search_domain_filter": ["arxiv.org", "openai.com", "anthropic.com"]
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

排除指定域名（添加
-
前缀）：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Best programming practices"}
  ],
  "search_domain_filter": ["-reddit.com", "-quora.com"]
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

3. Search with Time Filter

3. 带时间过滤的搜索

Filter by recency.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Major tech news"}
  ],
  "search_recency_filter": "week"
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

Filter by date range:

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "AI announcements"}
  ],
  "search_after_date_filter": "12/01/2024",
  "search_before_date_filter": "12/31/2024"
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

按内容时效性过滤搜索结果。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Major tech news"}
  ],
  "search_recency_filter": "week"
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

按日期范围过滤：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "AI announcements"}
  ],
  "search_after_date_filter": "12/01/2024",
  "search_before_date_filter": "12/31/2024"
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

4. Academic Search

4. 学术搜索

Search academic sources.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Recent papers on large language model alignment"}
  ],
  "search_mode": "academic"
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

搜索学术来源的内容。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Recent papers on large language model alignment"}
  ],
  "search_mode": "academic"
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

5. Raw Search API

5. 原始搜索API

Get raw search results without AI synthesis.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "query": "Claude AI Anthropic",
  "max_results": 5
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/search" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

With domain and time filters:

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "query": "machine learning tutorials",
  "max_results": 10,
  "search_domain_filter": ["github.com", "medium.com"],
  "search_recency_filter": "month",
  "country": "US"
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/search" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

获取未经AI整合的原始搜索结果。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "query": "Claude AI Anthropic",
  "max_results": 5
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/search" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

带域名和时间过滤的原始搜索：

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "query": "machine learning tutorials",
  "max_results": 10,
  "search_domain_filter": ["github.com", "medium.com"],
  "search_recency_filter": "month",
  "country": "US"
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/search" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

6. Deep Research (Long-form)

6. 深度研究（长文本）

For comprehensive research reports.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar-deep-research",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Write a comprehensive analysis of the electric vehicle market in 2024"}
  ],
  "reasoning_effort": "high"
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

用于生成全面的研究报告。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar-deep-research",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Write a comprehensive analysis of the electric vehicle market in 2024"}
  ],
  "reasoning_effort": "high"
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

7. Reasoning Model

7. 推理模型

For complex problem-solving.

Write to

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

json

{
  "model": "sonar-reasoning-pro",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Analyze the pros and cons of microservices vs monolithic architecture for a startup"}
  ]
}

Then run:

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

用于解决复杂问题。

创建

/tmp/perplexity_request.json

文件：

json

{
  "model": "sonar-reasoning-pro",
  "messages": [
    {"role": "user", "content": "Analyze the pros and cons of microservices vs monolithic architecture for a startup"}
  ]
}

然后执行命令：

bash

bash -c 'curl -s -X POST "https://api.perplexity.ai/chat/completions" --header "Authorization: Bearer ${PERPLEXITY_API_KEY}" --header "Content-Type: application/json" -d @/tmp/perplexity_request.json'

Models

模型列表

Model	Description	Best For
`sonar`	Lightweight, cost-effective	Quick facts, news, simple Q&A
`sonar-pro`	Advanced search, deeper understanding	Complex queries, detailed research
`sonar-reasoning-pro`	Multi-step reasoning with search	Problem-solving, analysis
`sonar-deep-research`	Exhaustive research, reports	Academic research, market analysis

模型	描述	适用场景
`sonar`	轻量型，性价比高	快速查事实、新闻、简单问答
`sonar-pro`	高级搜索能力，理解深度更强	复杂查询、详细研究
`sonar-reasoning-pro`	结合搜索的多步骤推理	问题解决、分析类任务
`sonar-deep-research`	全面调研，生成报告	学术研究、市场分析

Response Format

返回格式

Chat completions return:

json

{
  "id": "uuid",
  "model": "sonar",
  "choices": [
  {
  "message": {
  "role": "assistant",
  "content": "The answer with [1] citations..."
  }
  }
  ],
  "citations": ["https://source1.com", "https://source2.com"],
  "search_results": [
  {
  "title": "Source Title",
  "url": "https://source.com",
  "snippet": "Relevant excerpt..."
  }
  ],
  "usage": {
  "prompt_tokens": 10,
  "completion_tokens": 150,
  "total_tokens": 160
  }
}

对话补全接口返回示例：

json

{
  "id": "uuid",
  "model": "sonar",
  "choices": [
  {
  "message": {
  "role": "assistant",
  "content": "The answer with [1] citations..."
  }
  }
  ],
  "citations": ["https://source1.com", "https://source2.com"],
  "search_results": [
  {
  "title": "Source Title",
  "url": "https://source.com",
  "snippet": "Relevant excerpt..."
  }
  ],
  "usage": {
  "prompt_tokens": 10,
  "completion_tokens": 150,
  "total_tokens": 160
  }
}

Guidelines

使用指南

Model Selection: Use
```
sonar
```
for simple queries,
```
sonar-pro
```
for complex ones
Cost Optimization: Lower
```
search_context_size
```
reduces costs (low/medium/high)
Domain Filters: Limit to 20 domains max; use
```
-
```
prefix to exclude
Recency Filters: Options are
```
day
```
,
```
week
```
,
```
month
```
,
```
year
```
Temperature: Lower (0.1-0.3) for factual queries, higher for creative
Rate Limits: Vary by tier; check https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/rate-limits-usage-tiers
Citations: Response includes numbered citations
```
[1]
```
that map to
```
citations
```
array

模型选择：简单查询使用
```
sonar
```
，复杂查询使用
```
sonar-pro
```
成本优化：降低
```
search_context_size
```
可减少成本（可选值：low/medium/high）
域名过滤：最多限制20个域名；使用
```
-
```
前缀表示排除该域名
时效性过滤：可选值为
```
day
```
、
```
week
```
、
```
month
```
、
```
year
```
Temperature参数：事实类查询设置较低值（0.1-0.3），创意类查询设置较高值
调用限制：根据不同层级有所差异；查看https://docs.perplexity.ai/guides/rate-limits-usage-tiers
引用标注：回答中包含带编号的引用
```
[1]
```
，对应返回结果中的
```
citations
```
数组