import { useRef, useEffect, useCallback } from "react";

interface DialogProps {
  isOpen: boolean;
  onClose: () => void;
  title: string;
  children: React.ReactNode;
}

export function Dialog({ isOpen, onClose, title, children }: DialogProps) {
  const dialogRef = useRef<HTMLDialogElement>(null);
  const previousFocusRef = useRef<HTMLElement | null>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    const dialog = dialogRef.current;
    if (!dialog) return;

    if (isOpen) {
      // Store the element that had focus before opening
      previousFocusRef.current = document.activeElement as HTMLElement;
      dialog.showModal();
    } else {
      dialog.close();
      // Restore focus to the triggering element
      previousFocusRef.current?.focus();
    }
  }, [isOpen]);

  // Handle Escape key (native dialog handles this, but we need cleanup)
  const handleClose = useCallback(() => {
    onClose();
  }, [onClose]);

  // Handle backdrop click
  const handleBackdropClick = useCallback(
    (e: React.MouseEvent<HTMLDialogElement>) => {
      if (e.target === dialogRef.current) {
        onClose();
      }
    },
    [onClose]
  );

  if (!isOpen) return null;

  return (
    <dialog
      ref={dialogRef}
      onClose={handleClose}
      onClick={handleBackdropClick}
      aria-labelledby="dialog-title"
      aria-describedby="dialog-description"
      className="dialog"
    >
      <div className="dialog-content" role="document">
        <header className="dialog-header">
          <h2 id="dialog-title">{title}</h2>
          <button
            onClick={onClose}
            aria-label="Close dialog"
            className="dialog-close"
          >
            <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
          </button>
        </header>
        <div id="dialog-description">{children}</div>
      </div>
    </dialog>
  );
}

/* Focus trap is handled natively by <dialog> showModal() */
dialog::backdrop {
  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

dialog .dialog-close:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-focus);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

interface FormFieldProps {
  id: string;
  label: string;
  type?: string;
  required?: boolean;
  error?: string;
  description?: string;
  value: string;
  onChange: (value: string) => void;
}

function FormField({
  id,
  label,
  type = "text",
  required = false,
  error,
  description,
  value,
  onChange,
}: FormFieldProps) {
  const descriptionId = description ? `${id}-description` : undefined;
  const errorId = error ? `${id}-error` : undefined;

  // Build aria-describedby from available descriptions
  const describedBy = [descriptionId, errorId].filter(Boolean).join(" ") || undefined;

  return (
    <div className="form-field">
      <label htmlFor={id}>
        {label}
        {required && <span aria-hidden="true"> *</span>}
        {required && <span className="sr-only"> (required)</span>}
      </label>

      {description && (
        <p id={descriptionId} className="field-description">
          {description}
        </p>
      )}

      <input
        id={id}
        type={type}
        value={value}
        onChange={(e) => onChange(e.target.value)}
        required={required}
        aria-invalid={error ? "true" : undefined}
        aria-describedby={describedBy}
        aria-required={required}
      />

      {error && (
        <p id={errorId} className="field-error" role="alert">
          <span aria-hidden="true">!</span> {error}
        </p>
      )}
    </div>
  );
}

// Form-level error summary for screen readers
function ErrorSummary({ errors }: { errors: Record<string, string> }) {
  const errorEntries = Object.entries(errors);
  if (errorEntries.length === 0) return null;

  return (
    <div role="alert" aria-labelledby="error-summary-title" className="error-summary">
      <h3 id="error-summary-title">
        {errorEntries.length} error{errorEntries.length > 1 ? "s" : ""} found
      </h3>
      <ul>
        {errorEntries.map(([field, message]) => (
          <li key={field}>
            <a href={`#${field}`}>{message}</a>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
    </div>
  );
}

/* Screen-reader only class */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border-width: 0;
}

.field-error {
  color: var(--color-error);
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

/* Never rely on color alone for errors - include icon */
.field-error::before {
  content: "";
  /* Error icon via background-image */
}

input[aria-invalid="true"] {
  border-color: var(--color-error);
  /* Also use a thicker border or icon, not just color */
  border-width: 2px;
}

// Accessible tabs following WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices
interface Tab {
  id: string;
  label: string;
  content: React.ReactNode;
}

function Tabs({ tabs }: { tabs: Tab[] }) {
  const [activeIndex, setActiveIndex] = useState(0);

  const handleKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent, index: number) => {
    let newIndex = index;

    switch (e.key) {
      case "ArrowRight":
        newIndex = (index + 1) % tabs.length;
        break;
      case "ArrowLeft":
        newIndex = (index - 1 + tabs.length) % tabs.length;
        break;
      case "Home":
        newIndex = 0;
        break;
      case "End":
        newIndex = tabs.length - 1;
        break;
      default:
        return; // Don't prevent default for other keys
    }

    e.preventDefault();
    setActiveIndex(newIndex);

    // Move focus to the newly active tab
    const tabElement = document.getElementById(`tab-${tabs[newIndex].id}`);
    tabElement?.focus();
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <div role="tablist" aria-label="Content sections">
        {tabs.map((tab, index) => (
          <button
            key={tab.id}
            id={`tab-${tab.id}`}
            role="tab"
            aria-selected={index === activeIndex}
            aria-controls={`panel-${tab.id}`}
            tabIndex={index === activeIndex ? 0 : -1}
            onClick={() => setActiveIndex(index)}
            onKeyDown={(e) => handleKeyDown(e, index)}
          >
            {tab.label}
          </button>
        ))}
      </div>

      {tabs.map((tab, index) => (
        <div
          key={tab.id}
          id={`panel-${tab.id}`}
          role="tabpanel"
          aria-labelledby={`tab-${tab.id}`}
          hidden={index !== activeIndex}
          tabIndex={0}
        >
          {tab.content}
        </div>
      ))}
    </div>
  );
}

// Toast notification system with live regions
function ToastContainer({ toasts }: { toasts: Toast[] }) {
  return (
    <div
      aria-live="polite"
      aria-atomic="false"
      aria-relevant="additions"
      className="toast-container"
    >
      {toasts.map((toast) => (
        <div
          key={toast.id}
          role="status"
          className={`toast toast-${toast.type}`}
        >
          <span className="toast-icon" aria-hidden="true">
            {toast.type === "success" ? "check" : "warning"}
          </span>
          <span>{toast.message}</span>
          <button
            onClick={() => dismissToast(toast.id)}
            aria-label={`Dismiss: ${toast.message}`}
          >
            <span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
          </button>
        </div>
      ))}
    </div>
  );
}

// For urgent errors, use role="alert" (assertive)
function CriticalError({ message }: { message: string }) {
  return (
    <div role="alert" className="critical-error">
      {message}
    </div>
  );
}

// Search results count announcement
function SearchResults({ query, count }: { query: string; count: number }) {
  return (
    <>
      <div aria-live="polite" className="sr-only">
        {count} results found for "{query}"
      </div>
      {/* Visual results list */}
    </>
  );
}

// Jest + axe-core for component testing
import { render } from "@testing-library/react";
import { axe, toHaveNoViolations } from "jest-axe";

expect.extend(toHaveNoViolations);

describe("LoginForm", () => {
  it("should have no accessibility violations", async () => {
    const { container } = render(<LoginForm />);
    const results = await axe(container);
    expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
  });

  it("should have no violations in error state", async () => {
    const { container } = render(<LoginForm />);

    // Trigger validation errors
    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole("button", { name: /submit/i }));

    const results = await axe(container);
    expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
  });
});

// Playwright + axe for E2E accessibility testing
import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
import AxeBuilder from "@axe-core/playwright";

test.describe("accessibility", () => {
  test("home page passes axe audit", async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto("/");

    const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
      .withTags(["wcag2a", "wcag2aa", "wcag22aa"])
      .analyze();

    expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
  });

  test("modal dialog passes axe audit when open", async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto("/dashboard");
    await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Create project" }).click();

    const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
      .include(".dialog")
      .analyze();

    expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
  });
});

undefined

**Why:** Automated testing catches structural issues (missing labels, invalid ARIA, contrast failures) consistently and early. Catching 30% of issues automatically in CI is better than catching 0% and discovering problems after launch. Combine with manual testing for full coverage.

---