ghidra-headless

Compare original and translation side by side

🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Ghidra Headless Analysis

Ghidra 无头分析

Perform automated reverse engineering using Ghidra's

analyzeHeadless

tool. Import binaries, run analysis, decompile to C code, and extract useful information.

使用Ghidra的

analyzeHeadless

工具执行自动化逆向工程。导入二进制文件、运行分析、反编译为C代码，并提取有用信息。

When to Use

适用场景

Decompiling a binary to C pseudocode for review
Extracting function signatures, strings, or symbols from executables
Analyzing call graphs to understand binary control flow
Triaging unknown binaries or firmware images
Batch-analyzing multiple binaries for comparison
Security auditing compiled code without source access

将二进制文件反编译为C伪代码以供审查
从可执行文件中提取函数签名、字符串或符号
分析调用图以理解二进制文件的控制流
分类未知二进制文件或固件镜像
批量分析多个二进制文件以进行对比
在无源代码访问权限的情况下对编译代码进行安全审计

When NOT to Use

不适用场景

Source code is available — read it directly instead
Interactive debugging is needed — use GDB, LLDB, or Ghidra GUI
The binary is a .NET assembly — use dnSpy or ILSpy
The binary is Java bytecode — use jadx or cfr
Dynamic analysis is required — use a debugger or sandbox

有源代码可用——直接阅读源代码即可
需要交互式调试——使用GDB、LLDB或Ghidra图形界面
二进制文件为.NET程序集——使用dnSpy或ILSpy
二进制文件为Java字节码——使用jadx或cfr
需要动态分析——使用调试器或沙箱

Quick Reference

快速参考

Task	Command
Full analysis with all exports	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./output binary`
Decompile to C code	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportDecompiled.java -o ./output binary`
List functions	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportFunctions.java -o ./output binary`
Extract strings	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportStrings.java -o ./output binary`
Get call graph	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportCalls.java -o ./output binary`
Export symbols	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportSymbols.java -o ./output binary`
Find Ghidra path	`{baseDir}/scripts/find-ghidra.sh`

任务	命令
导出所有内容的完整分析	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./output binary`
反编译为C代码	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportDecompiled.java -o ./output binary`
列出函数	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportFunctions.java -o ./output binary`
提取字符串	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportStrings.java -o ./output binary`
获取调用图	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportCalls.java -o ./output binary`
导出符号	`{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportSymbols.java -o ./output binary`
查找Ghidra路径	`{baseDir}/scripts/find-ghidra.sh`

Prerequisites

前置条件

Ghidra must be installed. On macOS:
```
brew install --cask ghidra
```
Java (OpenJDK 17+) must be available

The skill automatically locates Ghidra in common installation paths. Set

GHIDRA_HOME

environment variable if Ghidra is installed in a non-standard location.

必须安装Ghidra。在macOS上：
```
brew install --cask ghidra
```
必须具备Java（OpenJDK 17+）环境

该工具会自动在常见安装路径中查找Ghidra。如果Ghidra安装在非标准位置，请设置

GHIDRA_HOME

环境变量。

Main Wrapper Script

主包装脚本

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh [options] <binary>

Wrapper that handles project creation/cleanup and provides a simpler interface to

analyzeHeadless

Options:

```
-o, --output <dir>
```
— Output directory for results (default: current dir)
```
-s, --script <name>
```
— Post-analysis script to run (can be repeated)
```
-a, --script-args <args>
```
— Arguments for the last specified script
```
--script-path <path>
```
— Additional script search path
```
-p, --processor <id>
```
— Processor/architecture (e.g.,
```
x86:LE:32:default
```
)
```
-c, --cspec <id>
```
— Compiler spec (e.g.,
```
gcc
```
,
```
windows
```
)
```
--no-analysis
```
— Skip auto-analysis (faster, but less info)
```
--timeout <seconds>
```
— Analysis timeout per file
```
--keep-project
```
— Keep the Ghidra project after analysis
```
--project-dir <dir>
```
— Directory for Ghidra project (default: /tmp)
```
--project-name <name>
```
— Project name (default: auto-generated)
```
-v, --verbose
```
— Verbose output

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh [options] <binary>

该包装脚本负责项目的创建/清理，并为

analyzeHeadless

提供更简洁的接口。

选项：

```
-o, --output <dir>
```
— 结果输出目录（默认：当前目录）
```
-s, --script <name>
```
— 要运行的分析后脚本（可重复指定）
```
-a, --script-args <args>
```
— 最后指定的脚本的参数
```
--script-path <path>
```
— 额外的脚本搜索路径
```
-p, --processor <id>
```
— 处理器/架构（例如：
```
x86:LE:32:default
```
）
```
-c, --cspec <id>
```
— 编译器规范（例如：
```
gcc
```
,
```
windows
```
）
```
--no-analysis
```
— 跳过自动分析（速度更快，但信息更少）
```
--timeout <seconds>
```
— 每个文件的分析超时时间
```
--keep-project
```
— 分析完成后保留Ghidra项目
```
--project-dir <dir>
```
— Ghidra项目的目录（默认：/tmp）
```
--project-name <name>
```
— 项目名称（默认：自动生成）
```
-v, --verbose
```
— 详细输出

Built-in Export Scripts

内置导出脚本

ExportAll.java

Runs summary, decompilation, function list, strings, and interesting-pattern exports. Does not include call graph or symbols — run ExportCalls.java and ExportSymbols.java separately if needed. Best for initial analysis.

Output files:

```
{name}_summary.txt
```
— Overview: architecture, memory sections, function counts
```
{name}_decompiled.c
```
— All functions decompiled to C
```
{name}_functions.json
```
— Function list with signatures and calls
```
{name}_strings.txt
```
— All strings found (plain text; use ExportStrings.java for JSON)
```
{name}_interesting.txt
```
— Functions matching security-relevant patterns

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./analysis firmware.bin

运行摘要、反编译、函数列表、字符串和有趣模式导出。不包含调用图或符号——如果需要，请单独运行ExportCalls.java和ExportSymbols.java。最适合初始分析。

输出文件：

```
{name}_summary.txt
```
— 概述：架构、内存段、函数数量
```
{name}_decompiled.c
```
— 所有函数反编译为C代码
```
{name}_functions.json
```
— 包含签名和调用关系的函数列表
```
{name}_strings.txt
```
— 找到的所有字符串（纯文本；如需JSON格式请使用ExportStrings.java）
```
{name}_interesting.txt
```
— 匹配安全相关模式的函数

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./analysis firmware.bin

ExportDecompiled.java

Decompile all functions to C pseudocode.

Output:

{name}_decompiled.c

将所有函数反编译为C伪代码。

输出：

{name}_decompiled.c

ExportFunctions.java

Export function list as JSON with addresses, signatures, parameters, and call relationships.

Output:

{name}_functions.json

以JSON格式导出函数列表，包含地址、签名、参数和调用关系。

输出：

{name}_functions.json

ExportStrings.java

Extract all strings (ASCII, Unicode) with addresses.

Output:

{name}_strings.json

提取所有字符串（ASCII、Unicode）及其地址。

输出：

{name}_strings.json

ExportCalls.java

Export function call graph showing caller/callee relationships. Includes full call graph, potential entry points, and most frequently called functions.

Output:

{name}_calls.json

导出显示调用者/被调用者关系的函数调用图。包含完整调用图、潜在入口点和最频繁调用的函数。

输出：

{name}_calls.json

ExportSymbols.java

Export all symbols: imports, exports, and internal symbols.

Output:

{name}_symbols.json

导出所有符号：导入、导出和内部符号。

输出：

{name}_symbols.json

Common Workflows

常见工作流

Analyze an Unknown Binary

分析未知二进制文件

bash

mkdir -p ./analysis
{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./analysis unknown_binary
cat ./analysis/unknown_binary_summary.txt
cat ./analysis/unknown_binary_interesting.txt

bash

mkdir -p ./analysis
{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -s ExportAll.java -o ./analysis unknown_binary
cat ./analysis/unknown_binary_summary.txt
cat ./analysis/unknown_binary_interesting.txt

Analyze Firmware

分析固件

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh \
    -p "ARM:LE:32:v7" \
    -s ExportAll.java \
    -o ./firmware_analysis \
    firmware.bin

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh \
    -p "ARM:LE:32:v7" \
    -s ExportAll.java \
    -o ./firmware_analysis \
    firmware.bin

Quick Function Listing

快速列出函数

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --no-analysis -s ExportFunctions.java -o . program
cat program_functions.json | jq '.functions[] | "\(.address): \(.name)"'

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --no-analysis -s ExportFunctions.java -o . program
cat program_functions.json | jq '.functions[] | "\(.address): \(.name)"'

Find Specific Patterns

查找特定模式

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

After running ExportDecompiled, search for patterns

运行ExportDecompiled后，搜索模式

grep -n "password|secret|key" output_decompiled.c grep -n "strcpy|sprintf|gets" output_decompiled.c

undefined

grep -n "password|secret|key" output_decompiled.c grep -n "strcpy|sprintf|gets" output_decompiled.c

undefined

Architecture/Processor IDs

架构/处理器ID

Common processor IDs for the

-p

option:

Architecture	Processor ID
x86 32-bit	`x86:LE:32:default`
x86 64-bit	`x86:LE:64:default`
ARM 32-bit	`ARM:LE:32:v7`
ARM 64-bit	`AARCH64:LE:64:v8A`
MIPS 32-bit	`MIPS:BE:32:default` or `MIPS:LE:32:default`
PowerPC	`PowerPC:BE:32:default`

-p

选项常用的处理器ID：

架构	处理器ID
x86 32位	`x86:LE:32:default`
x86 64位	`x86:LE:64:default`
ARM 32位	`ARM:LE:32:v7`
ARM 64位	`AARCH64:LE:64:v8A`
MIPS 32位	`MIPS:BE:32:default` 或 `MIPS:LE:32:default`
PowerPC	`PowerPC:BE:32:default`

Troubleshooting

故障排除

Ghidra Not Found

未找到Ghidra

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/find-ghidra.sh

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/find-ghidra.sh

Or set GHIDRA_HOME if in non-standard location

若安装在非标准位置，设置GHIDRA_HOME

export GHIDRA_HOME=/path/to/ghidra_11.x_PUBLIC

undefined

export GHIDRA_HOME=/path/to/ghidra_11.x_PUBLIC

undefined

Analysis Takes Too Long

分析耗时过长

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --timeout 300 -s ExportAll.java binary

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --timeout 300 -s ExportAll.java binary

Or skip analysis for quick export

或跳过分析以快速导出

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --no-analysis -s ExportSymbols.java binary

undefined

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh --no-analysis -s ExportSymbols.java binary

undefined

Out of Memory

内存不足

Set before running:

bash

export MAXMEM=4G

运行前设置：

bash

export MAXMEM=4G

Wrong Architecture Detected

检测到错误的架构

Explicitly specify the processor:

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -p "ARM:LE:32:v7" -s ExportAll.java firmware.bin

明确指定处理器：

bash

{baseDir}/scripts/ghidra-analyze.sh -p "ARM:LE:32:v7" -s ExportAll.java firmware.bin

Tips

提示

Start with ExportAll.java — gives everything; the summary helps orient
Check interesting.txt — highlights security-relevant functions automatically
Use jq for JSON parsing — JSON exports are designed to be machine-readable
Decompilation isn't perfect — use as a guide, cross-reference with disassembly
Large binaries take time — use
```
--timeout
```
and consider
```
--no-analysis
```
for quick scans

从ExportAll.java开始——可获取所有信息，摘要有助于快速了解情况
查看interesting.txt——自动高亮显示安全相关函数
使用jq解析JSON——导出的JSON格式专为机器可读性设计
反编译并非完美——仅作为参考，需与反汇编交叉验证
大型二进制文件耗时较长——使用
```
--timeout
```
，并考虑使用
```
--no-analysis
```
进行快速扫描