godot-genre-simulation

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Chinese

Genre: Simulation / Tycoon

游戏类型:模拟/大亨类

Optimization, systems mastery, and satisfying feedback loops define management games.
优化、系统掌控和令人愉悦的反馈循环是管理类游戏的核心特质。

Available Scripts

可用脚本

sim_tick_manager.gd

sim_tick_manager.gd

Expert tick-based simulation with variable speed control and batch processing.
基于tick的专业模拟系统,支持变速控制和批量处理。

Core Loop

核心循环

Invest → Build/Manage → Generate Income → Optimize → Expand
投资 → 建造/管理 → 产生收益 → 优化 → 扩张

NEVER Do in Simulation Games

模拟游戏开发绝对禁忌

  • NEVER process every simulated entity individually in
    _process()
    — Batch updates in fixed ticks (e.g., once per second). Simulating 1000 businesses individually = 60k calls/second. Batch = 1k calls/second.
  • NEVER use floating-point for currency
    float
    accumulates rounding errors. $1.10 * 3 = $3.2999999. Use
    int
    cents:
    1100 * 3 = 3300
    cents = $33.00 exact.
  • NEVER let early game be dull waiting — Front-load decision points. First 5 minutes must hook players. Don't make them wait 10 real minutes for first unlock.
  • NEVER use linear cost scaling — Buildings that cost
    10 * level
    break at level 100 (1000 cost). Use exponential:
    BASE * pow(1.5, level)
    creates meaningful trade-offs.
  • NEVER hide critical numbers from players — Show income/expense breakdown, production rates, efficiency %. Optimization games require transparency.
  • NEVER allow infinite resource stacking without consequence — Storage caps create interesting decisions. Unlimited resources remove strategy.
  • NEVER update UI labels every frame — Updating 50 UI labels @60fps = 3000 updates/sec. Use signals: update only when value changes.

  • 绝对不要在
    _process()
    中单独处理每个模拟实体
    —— 采用固定tick批量更新(例如每秒一次)。单独模拟1000个商家会导致每秒6万次调用,而批量处理仅需每秒1千次调用。
  • 绝对不要用浮点数处理货币 ——
    float
    会产生累计舍入误差。例如$1.10×3的计算结果会是$3.2999999。应使用整数表示美分:
    1100×3=3300
    美分,即准确的$33.00。
  • 绝对不要让前期游戏枯燥等待 —— 前置关键决策点。前5分钟必须吸引玩家,不要让他们等待10分钟才能解锁第一个内容。
  • 绝对不要使用线性成本缩放 —— 成本为
    10 * level
    的建筑在等级100时会崩溃(成本达1000)。使用指数增长:
    BASE * pow(1.5, level)
    能创造有意义的权衡选择。
  • 绝对不要向玩家隐藏关键数据 —— 展示收支明细、生产速率、效率百分比。优化类游戏需要信息透明。
  • 绝对不要允许资源无限堆叠而无后果 —— 存储上限能创造有趣的决策场景,无限资源会消除策略性。
  • 绝对不要每帧更新UI标签 —— 每秒60帧更新50个UI标签会产生3000次更新/秒。应使用信号:仅在数值变化时更新。

Economy Design

经济系统设计

The heart of any tycoon game is its economy. Key principle: multiple interconnected resources that force trade-offs.
大亨类游戏的核心是经济系统。关键原则:多个相互关联的资源,迫使玩家做出权衡选择

Multi-Resource System

多资源系统

gdscript
class_name TycoonEconomy
extends Node

signal resource_changed(resource_type: String, amount: float)
signal went_bankrupt

var resources: Dictionary = {
    "money": 10000.0,
    "reputation": 50.0,  # 0-100
    "workers": 0,
    "materials": 100.0,
    "energy": 100.0
}

var resource_caps: Dictionary = {
    "reputation": 100.0,
    "workers": 50,
    "energy": 1000.0
}

func modify_resource(type: String, amount: float) -> bool:
    if amount < 0 and resources[type] + amount < 0:
        if type == "money":
            went_bankrupt.emit()
        return false  # Can't go negative
    
    resources[type] = clamp(
        resources[type] + amount,
        0,
        resource_caps.get(type, INF)
    )
    resource_changed.emit(type, resources[type])
    return true
gdscript
class_name TycoonEconomy
extends Node

signal resource_changed(resource_type: String, amount: float)
signal went_bankrupt

var resources: Dictionary = {
    "money": 10000.0,
    "reputation": 50.0,  # 0-100
    "workers": 0,
    "materials": 100.0,
    "energy": 100.0
}

var resource_caps: Dictionary = {
    "reputation": 100.0,
    "workers": 50,
    "energy": 1000.0
}

func modify_resource(type: String, amount: float) -> bool:
    if amount < 0 and resources[type] + amount < 0:
        if type == "money":
            went_bankrupt.emit()
        return false  # Can't go negative
    
    resources[type] = clamp(
        resources[type] + amount,
        0,
        resource_caps.get(type, INF)
    )
    resource_changed.emit(type, resources[type])
    return true

Income/Expense Tracking

收支追踪

gdscript
class_name FinancialTracker
extends Node

var income_sources: Dictionary = {}  # source_name: amount_per_tick
var expense_sources: Dictionary = {}

signal financial_update(profit: float, income: float, expenses: float)

func calculate_tick() -> float:
    var total_income := 0.0
    var total_expenses := 0.0
    
    for source in income_sources.values():
        total_income += source
    
    for source in expense_sources.values():
        total_expenses += source
    
    var profit := total_income - total_expenses
    financial_update.emit(profit, total_income, total_expenses)
    return profit

gdscript
class_name FinancialTracker
extends Node

var income_sources: Dictionary = {}  # source_name: amount_per_tick
var expense_sources: Dictionary = {}

signal financial_update(profit: float, income: float, expenses: float)

func calculate_tick() -> float:
    var total_income := 0.0
    var total_expenses := 0.0
    
    for source in income_sources.values():
        total_income += source
    
    for source in expense_sources.values():
        total_expenses += source
    
    var profit := total_income - total_expenses
    financial_update.emit(profit, total_income, total_expenses)
    return profit

Time System

时间系统

Simulation games need controllable time:
gdscript
class_name SimulationTime
extends Node

signal time_tick(delta_game_hours: float)
signal day_changed(day: int)
signal speed_changed(new_speed: int)

enum Speed { PAUSED, NORMAL, FAST, ULTRA }

@export var seconds_per_game_hour := 30.0  # Real seconds

var current_speed := Speed.NORMAL
var speed_multipliers := {
    Speed.PAUSED: 0.0,
    Speed.NORMAL: 1.0,
    Speed.FAST: 3.0,
    Speed.ULTRA: 10.0
}

var current_hour := 8.0  # Start at 8 AM
var current_day := 1

func _process(delta: float) -> void:
    if current_speed == Speed.PAUSED:
        return
    
    var game_delta := (delta / seconds_per_game_hour) * speed_multipliers[current_speed]
    current_hour += game_delta
    
    if current_hour >= 24.0:
        current_hour -= 24.0
        current_day += 1
        day_changed.emit(current_day)
    
    time_tick.emit(game_delta)

func set_speed(speed: Speed) -> void:
    current_speed = speed
    speed_changed.emit(speed)

模拟游戏需要可控制的时间系统:
gdscript
class_name SimulationTime
extends Node

signal time_tick(delta_game_hours: float)
signal day_changed(day: int)
signal speed_changed(new_speed: int)

enum Speed { PAUSED, NORMAL, FAST, ULTRA }

@export var seconds_per_game_hour := 30.0  # Real seconds

var current_speed := Speed.NORMAL
var speed_multipliers := {
    Speed.PAUSED: 0.0,
    Speed.NORMAL: 1.0,
    Speed.FAST: 3.0,
    Speed.ULTRA: 10.0
}

var current_hour := 8.0  # Start at 8 AM
var current_day := 1

func _process(delta: float) -> void:
    if current_speed == Speed.PAUSED:
        return
    
    var game_delta := (delta / seconds_per_game_hour) * speed_multipliers[current_speed]
    current_hour += game_delta
    
    if current_hour >= 24.0:
        current_hour -= 24.0
        current_day += 1
        day_changed.emit(current_day)
    
    time_tick.emit(game_delta)

func set_speed(speed: Speed) -> void:
    current_speed = speed
    speed_changed.emit(speed)

Entity Management

实体管理

Workers/NPCs

工人/NPC

gdscript
class_name Worker
extends Node

enum State { IDLE, WORKING, RESTING, COMMUTING }

@export var wage_per_hour: float = 10.0
@export var skill_level: float = 1.0  # Productivity multiplier
@export var morale: float = 80.0  # 0-100

var current_state := State.IDLE
var assigned_workstation: Workstation

func update(game_hours: float) -> void:
    match current_state:
        State.WORKING:
            if assigned_workstation:
                var productivity := skill_level * (morale / 100.0)
                assigned_workstation.work(game_hours * productivity)
                morale -= game_hours * 0.5  # Working tires workers
        State.RESTING:
            morale = min(100.0, morale + game_hours * 2.0)

func calculate_hourly_cost() -> float:
    return wage_per_hour
gdscript
class_name Worker
extends Node

enum State { IDLE, WORKING, RESTING, COMMUTING }

@export var wage_per_hour: float = 10.0
@export var skill_level: float = 1.0  # Productivity multiplier
@export var morale: float = 80.0  # 0-100

var current_state := State.IDLE
var assigned_workstation: Workstation

func update(game_hours: float) -> void:
    match current_state:
        State.WORKING:
            if assigned_workstation:
                var productivity := skill_level * (morale / 100.0)
                assigned_workstation.work(game_hours * productivity)
                morale -= game_hours * 0.5  # Working tires workers
        State.RESTING:
            morale = min(100.0, morale + game_hours * 2.0)

func calculate_hourly_cost() -> float:
    return wage_per_hour

Buildings/Facilities

建筑/设施

gdscript
class_name Facility
extends Node3D

@export var build_cost: Dictionary  # resource_type: amount
@export var operating_cost_per_hour: float = 5.0
@export var capacity: int = 5
@export var output_per_hour: Dictionary  # resource_type: amount

var assigned_workers: Array[Worker] = []
var is_operational := true
var efficiency := 1.0

func calculate_output(game_hours: float) -> Dictionary:
    if not is_operational or assigned_workers.is_empty():
        return {}
    
    var worker_efficiency := 0.0
    for worker in assigned_workers:
        worker_efficiency += worker.skill_level * (worker.morale / 100.0)
    worker_efficiency /= capacity  # Normalize to 0-1
    
    var result := {}
    for resource in output_per_hour:
        result[resource] = output_per_hour[resource] * game_hours * worker_efficiency * efficiency
    return result

gdscript
class_name Facility
extends Node3D

@export var build_cost: Dictionary  # resource_type: amount
@export var operating_cost_per_hour: float = 5.0
@export var capacity: int = 5
@export var output_per_hour: Dictionary  # resource_type: amount

var assigned_workers: Array[Worker] = []
var is_operational := true
var efficiency := 1.0

func calculate_output(game_hours: float) -> Dictionary:
    if not is_operational or assigned_workers.is_empty():
        return {}
    
    var worker_efficiency := 0.0
    for worker in assigned_workers:
        worker_efficiency += worker.skill_level * (worker.morale / 100.0)
    worker_efficiency /= capacity  # Normalize to 0-1
    
    var result := {}
    for resource in output_per_hour:
        result[resource] = output_per_hour[resource] * game_hours * worker_efficiency * efficiency
    return result

Customer/Demand System

顾客/需求系统

gdscript
class_name CustomerSimulation
extends Node

@export var base_customers_per_hour := 10.0
@export var demand_curve: Curve  # Hour of day vs demand multiplier

var customer_queue: Array[Customer] = []

func generate_customers(game_hour: float, delta_hours: float) -> void:
    var demand_mult := demand_curve.sample(game_hour / 24.0)
    var reputation_mult := Economy.resources["reputation"] / 50.0  # 100 rep = 2x customers
    
    var customers_to_spawn := base_customers_per_hour * delta_hours * demand_mult * reputation_mult
    
    for i in int(customers_to_spawn):
        spawn_customer()

func spawn_customer() -> void:
    var customer := Customer.new()
    customer.patience = randf_range(30.0, 120.0)  # Seconds before leaving
    customer.spending_budget = randf_range(10.0, 100.0)
    customer_queue.append(customer)

gdscript
class_name CustomerSimulation
extends Node

@export var base_customers_per_hour := 10.0
@export var demand_curve: Curve  # Hour of day vs demand multiplier

var customer_queue: Array[Customer] = []

func generate_customers(game_hour: float, delta_hours: float) -> void:
    var demand_mult := demand_curve.sample(game_hour / 24.0)
    var reputation_mult := Economy.resources["reputation"] / 50.0  # 100 rep = 2x customers
    
    var customers_to_spawn := base_customers_per_hour * delta_hours * demand_mult * reputation_mult
    
    for i in int(customers_to_spawn):
        spawn_customer()

func spawn_customer() -> void:
    var customer := Customer.new()
    customer.patience = randf_range(30.0, 120.0)  # Seconds before leaving
    customer.spending_budget = randf_range(10.0, 100.0)
    customer_queue.append(customer)

Feedback Systems

反馈系统

Visual Feedback

视觉反馈

gdscript
undefined
gdscript
undefined

Money flying to bank, resources flowing, etc.

Money flying to bank, resources flowing, etc.

class_name ResourceFlowVisualizer extends Node
func show_income(amount: float, from: Vector2, to: Vector2) -> void: var coin := coin_scene.instantiate() coin.position = from add_child(coin)
var tween := create_tween()
tween.tween_property(coin, "position", to, 0.5)
tween.tween_callback(coin.queue_free)

var label := Label.new()
label.text = "+$" + str(int(amount))
label.position = from
add_child(label)

var label_tween := create_tween()
label_tween.tween_property(label, "position:y", label.position.y - 30, 0.5)
label_tween.parallel().tween_property(label, "modulate:a", 0.0, 0.5)
label_tween.tween_callback(label.queue_free)
undefined
class_name ResourceFlowVisualizer extends Node
func show_income(amount: float, from: Vector2, to: Vector2) -> void: var coin := coin_scene.instantiate() coin.position = from add_child(coin)
var tween := create_tween()
tween.tween_property(coin, "position", to, 0.5)
tween.tween_callback(coin.queue_free)

var label := Label.new()
label.text = "+$" + str(int(amount))
label.position = from
add_child(label)

var label_tween := create_tween()
label_tween.tween_property(label, "position:y", label.position.y - 30, 0.5)
label_tween.parallel().tween_property(label, "modulate:a", 0.0, 0.5)
label_tween.tween_callback(label.queue_free)
undefined

Statistics Dashboard

统计面板

gdscript
class_name StatsDashboard
extends Control

@export var graph_history_hours := 24
var income_history: Array[float] = []
var expense_history: Array[float] = []

func record_financial_tick(income: float, expenses: float) -> void:
    income_history.append(income)
    expense_history.append(expenses)
    
    # Keep last N entries
    while income_history.size() > graph_history_hours:
        income_history.pop_front()
        expense_history.pop_front()
    
    queue_redraw()

func _draw() -> void:
    # Draw income/expense graph
    draw_line_graph(income_history, Color.GREEN)
    draw_line_graph(expense_history, Color.RED)

gdscript
class_name StatsDashboard
extends Control

@export var graph_history_hours := 24
var income_history: Array[float] = []
var expense_history: Array[float] = []

func record_financial_tick(income: float, expenses: float) -> void:
    income_history.append(income)
    expense_history.append(expenses)
    
    # Keep last N entries
    while income_history.size() > graph_history_hours:
        income_history.pop_front()
        expense_history.pop_front()
    
    queue_redraw()

func _draw() -> void:
    # Draw income/expense graph
    draw_line_graph(income_history, Color.GREEN)
    draw_line_graph(expense_history, Color.RED)

Progression & Unlocks

进度与解锁系统

gdscript
class_name UnlockSystem
extends Node

var unlocks: Dictionary = {
    "basic_facility": true,
    "advanced_facility": false,
    "marketing": false,
    "automation": false
}

var unlock_conditions: Dictionary = {
    "advanced_facility": {"money_earned": 50000},
    "marketing": {"reputation": 70},
    "automation": {"workers_hired": 20}
}

var progress: Dictionary = {
    "money_earned": 0.0,
    "workers_hired": 0
}

func check_unlocks() -> Array[String]:
    var newly_unlocked: Array[String] = []
    
    for unlock in unlock_conditions:
        if unlocks[unlock]:
            continue  # Already unlocked
        
        var conditions := unlock_conditions[unlock]
        var all_met := true
        
        for condition in conditions:
            if progress.get(condition, 0) < conditions[condition]:
                all_met = false
                break
        
        if all_met:
            unlocks[unlock] = true
            newly_unlocked.append(unlock)
    
    return newly_unlocked

gdscript
class_name UnlockSystem
extends Node

var unlocks: Dictionary = {
    "basic_facility": true,
    "advanced_facility": false,
    "marketing": false,
    "automation": false
}

var unlock_conditions: Dictionary = {
    "advanced_facility": {"money_earned": 50000},
    "marketing": {"reputation": 70},
    "automation": {"workers_hired": 20}
}

var progress: Dictionary = {
    "money_earned": 0.0,
    "workers_hired": 0
}

func check_unlocks() -> Array[String]:
    var newly_unlocked: Array[String] = []
    
    for unlock in unlock_conditions:
        if unlocks[unlock]:
            continue  # Already unlocked
        
        var conditions := unlock_conditions[unlock]
        var all_met := true
        
        for condition in conditions:
            if progress.get(condition, 0) < conditions[condition]:
                all_met = false
                break
        
        if all_met:
            unlocks[unlock] = true
            newly_unlocked.append(unlock)
    
    return newly_unlocked

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

PitfallSolution
Economy too easy to breakExtensive balancing, soft caps, diminishing returns
Boring early gameFront-load interesting decisions, quick early progression
Information overloadProgressive disclosure, collapsible UI panels
No clear goalsMilestones, achievements, scenarios
Tedious micromanagementAutomation unlocks, batch operations

陷阱解决方案
经济系统容易崩溃广泛平衡、软上限、收益递减
前期游戏枯燥前置有趣决策、快速前期进度
信息过载渐进式披露、可折叠UI面板
目标不明确里程碑、成就、场景模式
繁琐的微管理自动化解锁、批量操作

Godot-Specific Tips

Godot专属技巧

  1. UI: Use
    Control
    nodes extensively,
    Tree
    for lists,
    GraphEdit
    for connections
  2. Performance: Process entities in batches, not every frame
  3. Save/Load: Convert all game state to Dictionary for JSON serialization
  4. Isometric view: Use
    Camera2D
    with orthographic projection
  1. UI:大量使用
    Control
    节点,用
    Tree
    实现列表,用
    GraphEdit
    实现连接
  2. 性能:批量处理实体,而非每帧处理
  3. 存档/读档:将所有游戏状态转换为Dictionary以支持JSON序列化
  4. 等距视角:使用带正交投影的
    Camera2D

Reference

参考

  • Master Skill: godot-master
  • 核心技能:godot-master