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Chinese

Genre: Real-Time Strategy (RTS)

游戏类型：实时策略（RTS）

Expert blueprint for RTS games balancing strategy, micromanagement, and performance.
兼顾策略性、微操和性能的RTS游戏专业开发蓝图。

NEVER Do

绝对不要做的事

  • NEVER pathfinding jitter — Units pushing each other endlessly. Enable RVO avoidance (NavigationAgent2D.avoidance_enabled with radius).
  • NEVER excessive micromanagement — Automate mundane tasks (auto-attack nearby enemies, auto-resume gathering after drop-off).
  • NEVER _process on every unit — For 100+ units, use central UnitManager iterator. Saves massive function call overhead.
  • NEVER skip command queuing — Players expect Shift+Click to chain commands. Store Array[Command] and process sequentially.
  • NEVER forget fog of war — Unvisited areas should be hidden. Use SubViewport + shader mask for performance.
  • 绝对不要出现寻路抖动——单位之间无休止地互相推挤。启用RVO避让功能（设置NavigationAgent2D的avoidance_enabled属性并配置半径）。
  • 绝对不要过度依赖微操——自动化繁琐任务（自动攻击附近敌人、交付资源后自动恢复采集）。
  • 绝对不要在每个单位上单独处理逻辑——当单位数量超过100个时，使用中央UnitManager迭代处理。可大幅减少函数调用开销。
  • 绝对不要跳过命令队列——玩家期望通过Shift+点击来链式下达命令。使用Array[Command]存储命令并按顺序执行。
  • 绝对不要忘记战争迷雾——未探索区域应隐藏。使用SubViewport+着色器遮罩以保证性能。

Available Scripts

可用脚本

MANDATORY: Read the appropriate script before implementing the corresponding pattern.
强制要求：在实现对应模式前，请先阅读相应脚本。

rts_selection_manager.gd

rts_selection_manager.gd

Mouse-box unit selection with shift-add. Camera projection for 3D units, command issuing with queue support (shift+right click).
支持鼠标框选单位及Shift添加至选中列表。针对3D单位的相机投影，支持带队列功能的命令下达（Shift+右键）。

Core Loop

核心循环

  1. Gather: Units collect resources (Gold, Wood, etc.).
  2. Build: Construct base buildings to unlock tech/units.
  3. Train: Produce an army of diverse units.
  4. Command: Micromanage units in real-time battles.
  5. Expand: Secure map control and resources.
  1. 采集：单位收集资源（黄金、木材等）。
  2. 建造：建造基地建筑以解锁科技/单位。
  3. 训练：生产多样化的军队单位。
  4. 指挥：在实时战斗中微操单位。
  5. 扩张：掌控地图区域和资源。

Skill Chain

技能链

PhaseSkillsPurpose
1. Controls
godot-input-handling
, 
camera-rts
Selection box, camera panning/zoom
2. Units
navigation-server
, 
state-machines
Pathfinding, avoidance, states (Idle/Move/Attack)
3. Systems
fog-of-war
, 
building-system
Map visibility, grid placement
4. AI
behavior-trees
, 
utility-ai
Enemy commander logic
5. Polish
ui-minimap
, 
godot-particles
Strategic overview, battle feedback
阶段技能用途
1. 控制
godot-input-handling
, 
camera-rts
选择框、相机平移/缩放
2. 单位
navigation-server
, 
state-machines
寻路、避让、状态（闲置/移动/攻击）
3. 系统
fog-of-war
, 
building-system
地图可见性、网格放置
4. AI
behavior-trees
, 
utility-ai
敌方指挥官逻辑
5. 优化
ui-minimap
, 
godot-particles
战略概览、战斗反馈

Architecture Overview

架构概述

1. Selection Manager (Singleton or Commander Node)

1. 选择管理器（单例或指挥节点）

Handles mouse input for selecting units.
gdscript
undefined
处理鼠标输入以选择单位。
gdscript
undefined

selection_manager.gd

selection_manager.gd

extends Node2D
var selected_units: Array[Unit] = [] var drag_start: Vector2 var is_dragging: bool = false @onready var selection_box: Panel = $SelectionBox
func _unhandled_input(event): if event is InputEventMouseButton and event.button_index == MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT: if event.pressed: start_selection(event.position) else: end_selection(event.position) elif event is InputEventMouseMotion and is_dragging: update_selection_box(event.position)
func end_selection(end_pos: Vector2): is_dragging = false selection_box.visible = false var rect = Rect2(drag_start, end_pos - drag_start).abs()
if Input.is_key_pressed(KEY_SHIFT):
    # Add to selection
    pass
else:
    deselect_all()
    
# Query physics server for units in rect
var query = PhysicsShapeQueryParameters2D.new()
var shape = RectangleShape2D.new()
shape.size = rect.size
query.shape = shape
query.transform = Transform2D(0, rect.get_center())
# ... execute query and add units to selected_units

for unit in selected_units:
    unit.set_selected(true)
func issue_command(target_position: Vector2): for unit in selected_units: unit.move_to(target_position)
undefined
extends Node2D
var selected_units: Array[Unit] = [] var drag_start: Vector2 var is_dragging: bool = false @onready var selection_box: Panel = $SelectionBox
func _unhandled_input(event): if event is InputEventMouseButton and event.button_index == MOUSE_BUTTON_LEFT: if event.pressed: start_selection(event.position) else: end_selection(event.position) elif event is InputEventMouseMotion and is_dragging: update_selection_box(event.position)
func end_selection(end_pos: Vector2): is_dragging = false selection_box.visible = false var rect = Rect2(drag_start, end_pos - drag_start).abs()
if Input.is_key_pressed(KEY_SHIFT):
    # 添加至选中列表
    pass
else:
    deselect_all()
    
# 向物理服务器查询矩形区域内的单位
var query = PhysicsShapeQueryParameters2D.new()
var shape = RectangleShape2D.new()
shape.size = rect.size
query.shape = shape
query.transform = Transform2D(0, rect.get_center())
# ... 执行查询并将单位添加至selected_units

for unit in selected_units:
    unit.set_selected(true)
func issue_command(target_position: Vector2): for unit in selected_units: unit.move_to(target_position)
undefined

2. Unit Controller (State Machine)

2. 单位控制器（状态机）

Units need robust state management to handle commands and auto-attacks.
gdscript
undefined
单位需要可靠的状态管理以处理命令和自动攻击。
gdscript
undefined

unit.gd

unit.gd

extends CharacterBody2D class_name Unit
enum State { IDLE, MOVE, ATTACK, HOLD } var state: State = State.IDLE var command_queue: Array[Command] = []
@onready var nav_agent: NavigationAgent2D = $NavigationAgent2D
func move_to(target: Vector2): nav_agent.target_position = target state = State.MOVE
func _physics_process(delta): if state == State.MOVE: if nav_agent.is_navigation_finished(): state = State.IDLE return
    var next_pos = nav_agent.get_next_path_position()
    var direction = global_position.direction_to(next_pos)
    velocity = direction * speed
    move_and_slide()
undefined
extends CharacterBody2D class_name Unit
enum State { IDLE, MOVE, ATTACK, HOLD } var state: State = State.IDLE var command_queue: Array[Command] = []
@onready var nav_agent: NavigationAgent2D = $NavigationAgent2D
func move_to(target: Vector2): nav_agent.target_position = target state = State.MOVE
func _physics_process(delta): if state == State.MOVE: if nav_agent.is_navigation_finished(): state = State.IDLE return
    var next_pos = nav_agent.get_next_path_position()
    var direction = global_position.direction_to(next_pos)
    velocity = direction * speed
    move_and_slide()
undefined

3. Fog of War

3. 战争迷雾

A system to hide unvisited areas. Usually implemented with a texture and a shader.
  • Grid Approach: 2D array of "visibility" values.
  • Viewport Texture: A 
    SubViewport
    drawing white circles for units on a black background. This texture is then used as a mask in a shader on a full-screen 
    ColorRect
    overlay.
gdshader
shader_type canvas_item;
uniform sampler2D visibility_texture; 
uniform vec4 fog_color : source_color;

void fragment() {
    float visibility = texture(visibility_texture, UV).r;
    COLOR = mix(fog_color, vec4(0,0,0,0), visibility);
}
用于隐藏未探索区域的系统。通常通过纹理和着色器实现。
  • 网格方式：存储可见性值的2D数组。
  • 视口纹理：使用
    SubViewport
    在黑色背景上为单位绘制白色圆形。然后将该纹理用作全屏
    ColorRect
    覆盖层的着色器遮罩。
gdshader
shader_type canvas_item;
uniform sampler2D visibility_texture; 
uniform vec4 fog_color : source_color;

void fragment() {
    float visibility = texture(visibility_texture, UV).r;
    COLOR = mix(fog_color, vec4(0,0,0,0), visibility);
}

Key Mechanics Implementation

关键机制实现

Command Queue

命令队列

Allow players to chain commands (Shift-Click).
  • Implementation: Store commands in an 
    Array
    . When one finishes, pop the next.
  • Visuals: Draw lines showing the queued path.
允许玩家链式下达命令（Shift+点击）。
  • 实现方式：将命令存储在
    Array
    中。完成一个命令后，取出下一个。
  • 视觉反馈：绘制线条显示已排队的路径。

Resource Gathering

资源采集

  • Nodes: 
    ResourceNode
    (Tree/GoldMine) and 
    DropoffPoint
    (TownCenter).
  • Logic:
    1. Move to Resource.
    2. Work (Timer).
    3. Move to Dropoff.
    4. Deposit (Global Economy update).
    5. Repeat.
  • 节点：
    ResourceNode
    （树木/金矿）和
    DropoffPoint
    （城镇中心）。
  • 逻辑:
    1. 移动至资源点。
    2. 采集（计时器控制）。
    3. 移动至交付点。
    4. 交付资源（更新全局经济系统）。
    5. 重复循环。

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

  1. Pathfinding Jitter: Units pushing each other endlessly. Fix: Use RVO (Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles) built into Godot's 
    NavigationAgent2D
    (properties 
    avoidance_enabled
    , 
    radius
    ).
  2. Too Much Micro: Automate mundane tasks (auto-attack nearby, auto-gather behavior).
  3. Performance: Too many nodes. Fix: Use 
    MultiMeshInstance2D
    for rendering thousands of units if needed, and run logic on a 
    Server
    node rather than individual scripts for mass units.
  1. 寻路抖动：单位之间无休止地互相推挤。解决方法：使用Godot的
    NavigationAgent2D
    内置的RVO（相对速度障碍物）功能（配置
    avoidance_enabled
    、
    radius
    属性）。
  2. 过度微操：自动化繁琐任务（自动攻击附近敌人、自动采集行为）。
  3. 性能问题：节点数量过多。解决方法：如果需要渲染数千个单位，使用
    MultiMeshInstance2D
    ；对于大量单位，在
    Server
    节点上运行逻辑，而非每个单位单独使用脚本。

Godot-Specific Tips

Godot专属技巧

  • Avoidance: 
    NavigationAgent2D
    has built-in RVO avoidance. Make sure to call 
    set_velocity()
    and use the 
    velocity_computed
    signal for the actual movement!
  • Server Architecture: For 100+ units, don't use 
    _process
    on every unit. Have a central 
    UnitManager
    iterate through active units to save function call overhead.
  • Groups: Use Groups heavily (
    Units
    , 
    Buildings
    , 
    Resources
    ) for easy selection filters.
  • 避让功能：
    NavigationAgent2D
    内置RVO避让功能。确保调用
    set_velocity()
    并使用
    velocity_computed
    信号来控制实际移动！
  • 服务器架构：对于100+单位，不要在每个单位上使用
    _process
    。使用中央
    UnitManager
    遍历活跃单位，以减少函数调用开销。
  • 分组：大量使用分组（
    Units
    、
    Buildings
    、
    Resources
    ）以简化选择过滤。

Reference

参考

  • Master Skill: godot-master
  • 核心技能：godot-master