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godot-genre-racing

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Genre: Racing

类型：赛车

Expert blueprint for racing games balancing physics, competition, and sense of speed.
兼顾物理效果、竞技性与速度感的赛车游戏专家蓝图。

NEVER Do

绝对不要做这些

  • NEVER rigid camera attachment — Camera locked to car causes motion sickness. Use lerp with slight delay for smooth follow.
  • NEVER skip sense of speed — Increase FOV as speed increases, add camera shake, wind lines, motion blur. Tunnel vision breaks immersion.
  • NEVER make physics overly realistic — "Floaty" arcade feel is often more fun than simulation. Increase gravity 2-3x, adjust wheel friction.
  • NEVER forget checkpoints — Without validation, players exploit shortcuts. Enforce checkpoint sequence to complete laps.
  • NEVER ignore rubber-banding — AI that's too far ahead/behind makes races boring. Adjust AI speed dynamically based on player distance.
  • 绝对不要固定镜头绑定 —— 镜头与车辆锁定会导致晕动症。使用lerp（线性插值）并加入轻微延迟实现平滑跟随。
  • 绝对不要忽略速度感 —— 随速度增加FOV（视野范围），添加镜头震动、风线条、运动模糊。隧道视野会破坏沉浸感。
  • 绝对不要让物理效果过于拟真 —— “轻飘飘”的街机手感往往比拟真模拟更有趣。将重力提高2-3倍，调整车轮摩擦力。
  • 绝对不要忘记检查点 —— 没有验证机制的话，玩家会抄近道。强制要求按顺序通过检查点才能完成圈数。
  • 绝对不要忽视Rubber-banding AI —— AI对手过于领先或落后会让比赛变得无聊。根据与玩家的距离动态调整AI速度。

Available Scripts

可用脚本

MANDATORY: Read the appropriate script before implementing the corresponding pattern.
必填：在实现对应模式前，请阅读相应脚本。

spline_ai_controller.gd

spline_ai_controller.gd

Path3D-based racing AI. Projects position onto curve, calculates look-ahead for steering, applies throttle based on target speed vs velocity.
基于Path3D的赛车AI。将位置投影到曲线上，计算前瞻点用于转向，根据目标速度与当前速度调整油门。

Core Loop

核心循环

  1. Race: Player controls a vehicle on a track.
  2. Compete: Player overtakes opponents or beats the clock.
  3. Upgrade: Player earns currency/points to buy parts/cars.
  4. Tune: Player adjusts vehicle stats (grip, acceleration).
  5. Master: Player learns track layouts and optimal lines.
  1. 比赛：玩家在赛道上操控车辆。
  2. 竞技：玩家超越对手或挑战计时。
  3. 升级：玩家赚取货币/点数购买配件/车辆。
  4. 调校：玩家调整车辆属性（抓地力、加速度）。
  5. 精通：玩家熟悉赛道布局与最优路线。

Skill Chain

技能链

PhaseSkillsPurpose
1. Physics
physics-bodies
, 
vehicle-wheel-3d
Car movement, suspension, collisions
2. AI
navigation
, 
steering-behaviors
Opponent pathfinding, rubber-banding
3. Input
input-mapping
Analog steering, acceleration, braking
4. UI
progress-bars
, 
labels
Speedometer, lap timer, minimap
5. Feel
camera-shake
, 
godot-particles
Speed perception, tire smoke, sparks
阶段技能用途
1. 物理
physics-bodies
, 
vehicle-wheel-3d
车辆移动、悬挂、碰撞
2. AI
navigation
, 
steering-behaviors
对手寻路、Rubber-banding机制
3. 输入
input-mapping
模拟转向、加速、刹车
4. UI
progress-bars
, 
labels
速度表、圈计时器、小地图
5. 手感
camera-shake
, 
godot-particles
速度感知、轮胎烟雾、火花

Architecture Overview

架构概述

1. Vehicle Controller

1. 车辆控制器

Handling the physics of movement.
gdscript
undefined
处理移动物理效果。
gdscript
undefined

car_controller.gd

car_controller.gd

extends VehicleBody3D
@export var max_torque: float = 300.0 @export var max_steering: float = 0.4
func _physics_process(delta: float) -> void: steering = lerp(steering, Input.get_axis("right", "left") * max_steering, 5 * delta) engine_force = Input.get_axis("back", "forward") * max_torque
undefined
extends VehicleBody3D
@export var max_torque: float = 300.0 @export var max_steering: float = 0.4
func _physics_process(delta: float) -> void: steering = lerp(steering, Input.get_axis("right", "left") * max_steering, 5 * delta) engine_force = Input.get_axis("back", "forward") * max_torque
undefined

2. Checkpoint System

2. 检查点系统

Essential for tracking progress and preventing cheating.
gdscript
undefined
用于追踪进度和防止作弊的关键系统。
gdscript
undefined

checkpoint_manager.gd

checkpoint_manager.gd

extends Node
var checkpoints: Array[Area3D] = [] var current_checkpoint_index: int = 0 signal lap_completed
func _on_checkpoint_entered(body: Node3D, index: int) -> void: if index == current_checkpoint_index + 1: current_checkpoint_index = index elif index == 0 and current_checkpoint_index == checkpoints.size() - 1: complete_lap()
undefined
extends Node
var checkpoints: Array[Area3D] = [] var current_checkpoint_index: int = 0 signal lap_completed
func _on_checkpoint_entered(body: Node3D, index: int) -> void: if index == current_checkpoint_index + 1: current_checkpoint_index = index elif index == 0 and current_checkpoint_index == checkpoints.size() - 1: complete_lap()
undefined

3. Race Manager

3. 比赛管理器

high-level state machine.
gdscript
undefined
高级状态机。
gdscript
undefined

race_manager.gd

race_manager.gd

enum State { COUNTDOWN, RACING, FINISHED } var current_state: State = State.COUNTDOWN
func start_race() -> void: # 3.. 2.. 1.. GO! await countdown() current_state = State.RACING start_timer()
undefined
enum State { COUNTDOWN, RACING, FINISHED } var current_state: State = State.COUNTDOWN
func start_race() -> void: # 3.. 2.. 1.. GO! await countdown() current_state = State.RACING start_timer()
undefined

Key Mechanics Implementation

关键机制实现

Drifting

漂移

Arcade drifting usually involves faking physics. Reduce friction or apply a sideways force.
gdscript
func apply_drift_mechanic() -> void:
    if is_drifting:
        # Reduce sideways traction
        wheel_friction_slip = 1.0 
        # Add slight forward boost on exit
    else:
        wheel_friction_slip = 3.0 # High grip
街机风格漂移通常需要模拟物理效果。降低摩擦力或施加侧向力。
gdscript
func apply_drift_mechanic() -> void:
    if is_drifting:
        # Reduce sideways traction
        wheel_friction_slip = 1.0 
        # Add slight forward boost on exit
    else:
        wheel_friction_slip = 3.0 # High grip

Rubber Banding AI

Rubber Banding AI

Keep the race competitive by adjusting AI speed based on player distance.
gdscript
func update_ai_speed(ai_car: VehicleBody3D, player: VehicleBody3D) -> void:
    var dist = ai_car.global_position.distance_to(player.global_position)
    if ai_car_is_ahead_of_player(ai_car, player):
        ai_car.max_speed = base_speed * 0.9 # Slow down
    else:
        ai_car.max_speed = base_speed * 1.1 # Speed up
通过根据与玩家的距离调整AI速度，保持比赛的竞技性。
gdscript
func update_ai_speed(ai_car: VehicleBody3D, player: VehicleBody3D) -> void:
    var dist = ai_car.global_position.distance_to(player.global_position)
    if ai_car_is_ahead_of_player(ai_car, player):
        ai_car.max_speed = base_speed * 0.9 # Slow down
    else:
        ai_car.max_speed = base_speed * 1.1 # Speed up

Godot-Specific Tips

Godot专属技巧

  • VehicleBody3D: Godot's built-in node for vehicle physics. It's decent for arcade, but for sims, you might want a custom RayCast suspension.
  • Path3D / PathFollow3D: Excellent for simple AI traffic or fixed-path racers (on-rails).
  • AudioBus: Use the 
    Doppler
    effect on the AudioListener for realistic passing sounds.
  • SubViewport: Use for the rear-view mirror or minimap texture.
  • VehicleBody3D：Godot内置的车辆物理节点。对于街机游戏来说表现不错，但如果是拟真模拟游戏，你可能需要自定义RayCast悬挂系统。
  • Path3D / PathFollow3D：非常适合简单的AI车流或固定路线赛车（轨道式）。
  • AudioBus：在AudioListener上使用
    Doppler
    （多普勒）效果实现真实的超车音效。
  • SubViewport：用于实现后视镜或小地图纹理。

Common Pitfalls

常见陷阱

  1. Floaty Physics: Cars feel like they are on ice. Fix: Increase gravity scale (2x-3x) and adjust wheel friction. Realism < Fun.
  2. Bad Camera: Camera is rigidly attached to the car. Fix: Use a 
    Marker3D
    with a 
    lerp
    script to follow the car smoothly with a slight delay.
  3. Tunnel Vision: No sense of speed. Fix: Increase FOV as speed increases, add camera shake, wind lines, and motion blur.
  1. 轻飘飘的物理效果：车辆感觉像在冰面上。解决方法：提高重力缩放（2-3倍）并调整车轮摩擦力。趣味性 > 拟真性。
  2. 糟糕的镜头：镜头与车辆固定绑定。解决方法：使用带有
    lerp
    脚本的
    Marker3D
    实现带轻微延迟的平滑跟随。
  3. 缺乏速度感：没有速度的沉浸感。解决方法：随速度增加FOV，添加镜头震动、风线条和运动模糊。

Reference

参考

  • Master Skill: godot-master
  • 核心技能：godot-master