gplay-gradle-build

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Gradle Build for Google Play

面向Google Play的Gradle构建

Use this skill when you need to build an Android app before uploading to Play Store.

当你需要在上传至Play Store前构建Android应用时，可使用本技能。

Build Types

构建类型

App Bundle (AAB) - Recommended

App Bundle (AAB) - 推荐方案

App Bundles are required for new apps on Google Play:

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease

Output:

app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab

Google Play要求新应用必须使用App Bundle：

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease

输出路径：

app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab

APK - Legacy

APK - 传统格式

For apps not using bundles:

bash

./gradlew assembleRelease

Output:

app/build/outputs/apk/release/app-release.apk

适用于未采用App Bundle的应用：

bash

./gradlew assembleRelease

输出路径：

app/build/outputs/apk/release/app-release.apk

Signing Configuration

签名配置

build.gradle (app level)

应用级build.gradle

groovy

android {
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            storeFile file(System.getenv("KEYSTORE_FILE") ?: "release.keystore")
            storePassword System.getenv("KEYSTORE_PASSWORD")
            keyAlias System.getenv("KEY_ALIAS")
            keyPassword System.getenv("KEY_PASSWORD")
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

groovy

android {
    signingConfigs {
        release {
            storeFile file(System.getenv("KEYSTORE_FILE") ?: "release.keystore")
            storePassword System.getenv("KEYSTORE_PASSWORD")
            keyAlias System.getenv("KEY_ALIAS")
            keyPassword System.getenv("KEY_PASSWORD")
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
}

Environment Variables

环境变量配置

bash

export KEYSTORE_FILE=/path/to/release.keystore
export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=your_keystore_password
export KEY_ALIAS=your_key_alias
export KEY_PASSWORD=your_key_password

./gradlew bundleRelease

bash

export KEYSTORE_FILE=/path/to/release.keystore
export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD=your_keystore_password
export KEY_ALIAS=your_key_alias
export KEY_PASSWORD=your_key_password

./gradlew bundleRelease

Version Management

版本管理

gradle.properties

properties

VERSION_NAME=1.2.3
VERSION_CODE=123

properties

VERSION_NAME=1.2.3
VERSION_CODE=123

build.gradle

groovy

android {
    defaultConfig {
        versionCode project.property('VERSION_CODE').toInteger()
        versionName project.property('VERSION_NAME')
    }
}

groovy

android {
    defaultConfig {
        versionCode project.property('VERSION_CODE').toInteger()
        versionName project.property('VERSION_NAME')
    }
}

Increment version

版本号自增

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Read current version

读取当前版本号

CURRENT_VERSION=$(grep VERSION_CODE gradle.properties | cut -d'=' -f2) NEW_VERSION=$((CURRENT_VERSION + 1))

Update gradle.properties

更新gradle.properties

sed -i "" "s/VERSION_CODE=$CURRENT_VERSION/VERSION_CODE=$NEW_VERSION/" gradle.properties

Build

构建应用

./gradlew bundleRelease

undefined

./gradlew bundleRelease

undefined

ProGuard/R8 Configuration

ProGuard/R8配置

Enable R8 (default in AGP 3.4+)

启用R8（AGP 3.4+默认启用）

groovy

buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled true
        shrinkResources true
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

groovy

buildTypes {
    release {
        minifyEnabled true
        shrinkResources true
        proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
    }
}

Generate mapping file

生成映射文件

Mapping file location:

app/build/outputs/mapping/release/mapping.txt

Upload to Play Console for crash symbolication:

bash

gplay deobfuscation upload \
  --package com.example.app \
  --edit $EDIT_ID \
  --apk-version 123 \
  --type proguard \
  --file app/build/outputs/mapping/release/mapping.txt

映射文件路径：

app/build/outputs/mapping/release/mapping.txt

上传至Play Console以解析崩溃信息：

bash

gplay deobfuscation upload \
  --package com.example.app \
  --edit $EDIT_ID \
  --apk-version 123 \
  --type proguard \
  --file app/build/outputs/mapping/release/mapping.txt

Build Variants

构建变体

Product Flavors

产品风味

groovy

android {
    flavorDimensions "version"
    productFlavors {
        free {
            dimension "version"
            applicationIdSuffix ".free"
        }
        paid {
            dimension "version"
        }
    }
}

groovy

android {
    flavorDimensions "version"
    productFlavors {
        free {
            dimension "version"
            applicationIdSuffix ".free"
        }
        paid {
            dimension "version"
        }
    }
}

Build specific flavor

构建指定风味的应用

bash

./gradlew bundleFreeRelease
./gradlew bundlePaidRelease

bash

./gradlew bundleFreeRelease
./gradlew bundlePaidRelease

CI/CD Build

CI/CD构建

GitHub Actions Example

GitHub Actions示例

yaml

- name: Build Release AAB
  run: |
    echo "${{ secrets.KEYSTORE_BASE64 }}" | base64 -d > release.keystore
    export KEYSTORE_FILE=release.keystore
    export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD="${{ secrets.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD }}"
    export KEY_ALIAS="${{ secrets.KEY_ALIAS }}"
    export KEY_PASSWORD="${{ secrets.KEY_PASSWORD }}"
    ./gradlew bundleRelease

- name: Upload to Play Store
  env:
    GPLAY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT: ${{ secrets.PLAY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
  run: |
    gplay release \
      --package com.example.app \
      --track internal \
      --bundle app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab

yaml

- name: Build Release AAB
  run: |
    echo "${{ secrets.KEYSTORE_BASE64 }}" | base64 -d > release.keystore
    export KEYSTORE_FILE=release.keystore
    export KEYSTORE_PASSWORD="${{ secrets.KEYSTORE_PASSWORD }}"
    export KEY_ALIAS="${{ secrets.KEY_ALIAS }}"
    export KEY_PASSWORD="${{ secrets.KEY_PASSWORD }}"
    ./gradlew bundleRelease

- name: Upload to Play Store
  env:
    GPLAY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT: ${{ secrets.PLAY_SERVICE_ACCOUNT }}
  run: |
    gplay release \
      --package com.example.app \
      --track internal \
      --bundle app/build/outputs/bundle/release/app-release.aab

Common Build Tasks

常见构建任务

Clean build

清理后构建

bash

./gradlew clean bundleRelease

bash

./gradlew clean bundleRelease

Build with specific SDK versions

指定SDK版本构建

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease -PminSdkVersion=21 -PtargetSdkVersion=34

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease -PminSdkVersion=21 -PtargetSdkVersion=34

Build without tests

跳过测试构建

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease -x test -x lint

bash

./gradlew bundleRelease -x test -x lint

Build multiple variants

构建所有变体

bash

./gradlew bundle  # Builds all variants

bash

./gradlew bundle  # 构建所有变体

Troubleshooting

故障排查

Build fails with signing errors

构建因签名错误失败

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Verify keystore

验证密钥库

keytool -list -v -keystore release.keystore

undefined

keytool -list -v -keystore release.keystore

undefined

Check AAB contents

检查AAB内容

bash

bundletool build-apks \
  --bundle=app-release.aab \
  --output=output.apks \
  --mode=universal

unzip output.apks

bash

bundletool build-apks \
  --bundle=app-release.aab \
  --output=output.apks \
  --mode=universal

unzip output.apks

Verify version codes

验证版本号

bash

./gradlew tasks --all | grep Version

bash

./gradlew tasks --all | grep Version

Best Practices

最佳实践

Never commit keystores - Store in secure location
Use environment variables for credentials
Enable ProGuard/R8 for release builds
Upload mapping files after each release
Increment version code for every build
Test release builds before uploading
Use App Bundles (AAB) instead of APKs when possible

切勿提交密钥库 - 存储在安全位置
使用环境变量管理凭证
发布构建启用ProGuard/R8
每次发布后上传映射文件
每次构建自增版本号
上传前测试发布构建
尽可能使用App Bundles (AAB)替代APKs