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orwell-writing

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Original

English
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Translation

Chinese

Orwell Writing

Orwell写作

Overview

概述

Use Orwell's rules and ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English (STE) as practical filters for clear, direct, and honest prose. Use STE by default for technical, instructional, business, and product prose. Apply the rules to both drafting and revision, but do not erase deliberate voice, character, rhythm, humor, or genre when the user clearly wants them.
STE has writing rules and a controlled dictionary. Use an approved word with its approved meaning when the dictionary is available. Do not claim strict STE conformance without checking the current ASD-STE100 issue and dictionary.
将Orwell的规则和ASD-STE100简化技术英语（STE）作为实用准则，用于创作清晰、直接且真诚的文本。对于技术类、指导类、商务类及产品类文本，默认使用STE规范。在起草和修订过程中均需遵循这些规则，但如果用户明确希望保留特定的表达风格、人物特色、节奏、幽默感或体裁特征，则无需刻意抹去这些元素。
STE包含写作规则和受控词典。当词典可用时，应使用经认可的词汇及其指定含义。若未查阅当前版本的ASD-STE100规范及词典，请勿声称严格符合STE标准。

Core Rules

核心规则

Remember these rules from "Politics and the English Language":
  1. Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
  2. Never use a long word where a short one will do.
  3. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
  4. Never use the passive where you can use the active.
  5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
  6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
牢记《政治与英语》中的以下规则：
  1. 切勿使用你在印刷品中常见的隐喻、明喻或其他修辞手法。
  2. 能用短词时绝不用长词。
  3. 只要可以删去某个词，就务必删去。
  4. 能用主动语态时绝不用被动语态。
  5. 若能想到对应的日常英语表达，切勿使用外来短语、科学术语或行话。
  6. 若遵守规则会导致表达荒诞无稽，可打破任何一条规则。

ASD-STE100 baseline

ASD-STE100基准

For technical and instructional prose:
  1. Use short sentences. Put one main action or statement in each sentence.
  2. Use a clear subject and an active verb. Name the actor when the actor matters.
  3. Use the same term for the same thing. Do not change a term only to avoid repetition.
  4. Use familiar words with one precise meaning. Avoid idioms, slang, figurative language, and vague verbs.
  5. Use a specific technical term when it is necessary for accuracy. Define it or link to its definition.
  6. Keep noun groups short. Use prepositions to show relationships between terms.
  7. Write procedures as direct instructions. State the condition, action, and expected result.
  8. Use positive instructions when they are clear. State what the reader must do.
  9. Use consistent American English spelling unless the user's style guide requires another variety.
  10. Preserve code, commands, identifiers, product names, legal text, and required quotations. Do not simplify them silently.
When strict STE is not possible, keep the text clear and mark the terms or passages that need a domain-specific exception.
针对技术类和指导类文本：
  1. 使用短句。每个句子仅包含一个核心动作或陈述。
  2. 使用清晰的主语和主动动词。当行为主体重要时，需明确指出。
  3. 同一事物使用同一术语。不要为避免重复而随意更换术语。
  4. 使用含义明确的常用词汇。避免习语、俚语、修辞手法和模糊动词。
  5. 为保证准确性，必要时使用特定技术术语，并给出定义或链接至其定义。
  6. 缩短名词短语长度。使用介词来表明术语之间的关系。
  7. 将流程写成直接指令。说明条件、动作及预期结果。
  8. 当清晰明确时，使用肯定式指令。明确告知读者必须执行的操作。
  9. 除非用户的风格指南另有要求，否则统一使用美式英语拼写。
  10. 保留代码、命令、标识符、产品名称、法律文本及指定引用内容。请勿擅自简化这些内容。
当无法严格遵循STE规范时，需保持文本清晰，并标记需要领域特定例外处理的术语或段落。

Workflow

工作流程

When writing from scratch:
  1. Identify the audience, purpose, and promised tone from the user's request.
  2. Draft in concrete, direct English.
  3. Remove stock phrases, dead metaphors, filler, pompous diction, needless abstraction, and avoidable jargon.
  4. Prefer active verbs and clear subjects unless passive voice better serves emphasis, tact, suspense, or technical accuracy.
  5. Keep necessary nuance; do not make prose crude, false, or flat just to make it short.
  6. Apply the ASD-STE100 baseline. Check terms, sentence structure, instructions, and technical exceptions.
When revising existing text:
  1. Preserve the user's meaning and any explicit tone or format constraints.
  2. Cut words, clauses, and sentences that do no work.
  3. Replace stale figures of speech with plain phrasing or a fresh, specific image.
  4. Replace long, foreign, scientific, or jargon terms with everyday English when accuracy permits.
  5. Convert passive constructions to active ones when the actor matters and is known.
  6. Flag any remaining jargon, passive voice, or ornate phrasing that is necessary rather than silently removing important precision.
  7. Run a final STE pass. Check that each technical term is consistent, each instruction states the required action, and each exception is intentional.
从零开始写作时：
  1. 从用户的请求中明确目标受众、写作目的及要求的语气。
  2. 用具体、直接的英语起草文本。
  3. 删除陈词滥调、过时隐喻、冗余内容、浮夸措辞、不必要的抽象表达及可避免的行话。
  4. 优先使用主动动词和清晰主语，除非被动语态更有助于强调、委婉表达、制造悬念或保证技术准确性。
  5. 保留必要的细微差别；不要为了缩短篇幅而使文本变得粗糙、虚假或平淡。
  6. 遵循ASD-STE100基准。检查术语、句子结构、指令及技术例外情况。
修订现有文本时：
  1. 保留用户的原意及任何明确的语气或格式限制。
  2. 删除无用的词汇、从句和句子。
  3. 将陈旧的修辞手法替换为平实表达或新颖具体的意象。
  4. 在保证准确性的前提下，用日常英语替换冗长的外来词、科学术语或行话。
  5. 当行为主体明确且重要时，将被动结构转换为主动语态。
  6. 标记任何必要保留的行话、被动语态或华丽措辞，而非擅自删除重要的精准表达。
  7. 最后进行一次STE规范检查。确保每个技术术语前后一致，每条指令明确所需动作，每个例外情况均是有意为之。

Creative Writing

创意写作

For fiction, poetry, memoir, scripts, and lyrical prose, treat STE as a clarity aid, not a requirement that overrides the user's form. Keep intentional ambiguity, cadence, dialogue style, imagery, and character voice when they create a real effect. Remove only language that feels inherited, inflated, evasive, or lazy. Use strict STE when the user explicitly requests it, and note when that request conflicts with a creative effect.
对于小说、诗歌、回忆录、脚本及抒情散文，将STE视为提升清晰度的辅助工具，而非凌驾于用户需求形式之上的强制要求。当有意的模糊性、韵律、对话风格、意象及人物语气能产生实际效果时，需予以保留。仅删除那些显得陈旧、浮夸、含糊或敷衍的语言。仅当用户明确要求时才严格遵循STE规范，并注明该要求与创意效果存在冲突的情况。