testing-strategies
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Original
English🇨🇳
Translation
ChineseTesting Strategies
测试策略
When to use this skill
何时使用该技能
- 신규 프로젝트: 테스트 전략 수립
- 품질 문제: 버그 빈번히 발생
- 리팩토링 전: 안전망 구축
- CI/CD 구축: 자동화된 테스트
- 新项目:制定测试策略
- 质量问题:频繁出现漏洞
- 重构前:搭建安全保障体系
- 搭建CI/CD:自动化测试
Instructions
操作指南
Step 1: Test Pyramid 이해
步骤1:理解测试金字塔
/\
/E2E\ ← 적음 (느림, 비용 높음)
/______\
/ \
/Integration\ ← 중간
/____________\
/ \
/ Unit Tests \ ← 많음 (빠름, 비용 낮음)
/________________\비율 가이드:
- Unit: 70%
- Integration: 20%
- E2E: 10%
/\
/E2E\ ← 少量(速度慢、成本高)
/______\
/ \
/Integration\ ← 中等数量
/____________\
/ \
/ Unit Tests \ ← 大量(速度快、成本低)
/________________\比例指南:
- 单元测试:70%
- 集成测试:20%
- E2E测试:10%
Step 2: Unit Testing 전략
步骤2:单元测试策略
Given-When-Then 패턴:
typescript
describe('calculateDiscount', () => {
it('should apply 10% discount for orders over $100', () => {
// Given: 주어진 상황
const order = { total: 150, customerId: '123' };
// When: 행동을 실행
const discount = calculateDiscount(order);
// Then: 결과 검증
expect(discount).toBe(15);
});
it('should not apply discount for orders under $100', () => {
const order = { total: 50, customerId: '123' };
const discount = calculateDiscount(order);
expect(discount).toBe(0);
});
it('should throw error for invalid order', () => {
const order = { total: -10, customerId: '123' };
expect(() => calculateDiscount(order)).toThrow('Invalid order');
});
});Mocking 전략:
typescript
// 외부 의존성 모킹
jest.mock('../services/emailService');
import { sendEmail } from '../services/emailService';
describe('UserService', () => {
it('should send welcome email on registration', async () => {
// Arrange
const mockSendEmail = sendEmail as jest.MockedFunction<typeof sendEmail>;
mockSendEmail.mockResolvedValueOnce(true);
// Act
await userService.register({ email: 'test@example.com', password: 'pass' });
// Assert
expect(mockSendEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
to: 'test@example.com',
subject: 'Welcome!',
body: expect.any(String)
});
});
});Given-When-Then模式:
typescript
describe('calculateDiscount', () => {
it('should apply 10% discount for orders over $100', () => {
// Given: 给定场景
const order = { total: 150, customerId: '123' };
// When: 执行操作
const discount = calculateDiscount(order);
// Then: 验证结果
expect(discount).toBe(15);
});
it('should not apply discount for orders under $100', () => {
const order = { total: 50, customerId: '123' };
const discount = calculateDiscount(order);
expect(discount).toBe(0);
});
it('should throw error for invalid order', () => {
const order = { total: -10, customerId: '123' };
expect(() => calculateDiscount(order)).toThrow('Invalid order');
});
});Mocking策略:
typescript
// 模拟外部依赖
jest.mock('../services/emailService');
import { sendEmail } from '../services/emailService';
describe('UserService', () => {
it('should send welcome email on registration', async () => {
// Arrange
const mockSendEmail = sendEmail as jest.MockedFunction<typeof sendEmail>;
mockSendEmail.mockResolvedValueOnce(true);
// Act
await userService.register({ email: 'test@example.com', password: 'pass' });
// Assert
expect(mockSendEmail).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
to: 'test@example.com',
subject: 'Welcome!',
body: expect.any(String)
});
});
});Step 3: Integration Testing
步骤3:集成测试
API 엔드포인트 테스트:
typescript
describe('POST /api/users', () => {
beforeEach(async () => {
await db.user.deleteMany(); // Clean DB
});
it('should create user with valid data', async () => {
const response = await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({
email: 'test@example.com',
username: 'testuser',
password: 'Password123!'
});
expect(response.status).toBe(201);
expect(response.body.user).toMatchObject({
email: 'test@example.com',
username: 'testuser'
});
// DB에 실제로 저장되었는지 확인
const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { email: 'test@example.com' } });
expect(user).toBeTruthy();
});
it('should reject duplicate email', async () => {
// 첫 번째 사용자 생성
await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({ email: 'test@example.com', username: 'user1', password: 'Pass123!' });
// 중복 시도
const response = await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({ email: 'test@example.com', username: 'user2', password: 'Pass123!' });
expect(response.status).toBe(409);
});
});API端点测试:
typescript
describe('POST /api/users', () => {
beforeEach(async () => {
await db.user.deleteMany(); // 清理数据库
});
it('should create user with valid data', async () => {
const response = await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({
email: 'test@example.com',
username: 'testuser',
password: 'Password123!'
});
expect(response.status).toBe(201);
expect(response.body.user).toMatchObject({
email: 'test@example.com',
username: 'testuser'
});
// 验证是否实际保存到数据库
const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { email: 'test@example.com' } });
expect(user).toBeTruthy();
});
it('should reject duplicate email', async () => {
// 创建第一个用户
await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({ email: 'test@example.com', username: 'user1', password: 'Pass123!' });
// 尝试创建重复用户
const response = await request(app)
.post('/api/users')
.send({ email: 'test@example.com', username: 'user2', password: 'Pass123!' });
expect(response.status).toBe(409);
});
});Step 4: E2E Testing (Playwright)
步骤4:E2E测试(Playwright)
typescript
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
test.describe('User Registration Flow', () => {
test('should complete full registration process', async ({ page }) => {
// 1. 홈페이지 방문
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000');
// 2. 회원가입 버튼 클릭
await page.click('text=Sign Up');
// 3. 폼 작성
await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'test@example.com');
await page.fill('input[name="username"]', 'testuser');
await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'Password123!');
// 4. 제출
await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
// 5. 성공 메시지 확인
await expect(page.locator('text=Welcome')).toBeVisible();
// 6. 대시보드로 리다이렉트 확인
await expect(page).toHaveURL('http://localhost:3000/dashboard');
// 7. 사용자 정보 표시 확인
await expect(page.locator('text=testuser')).toBeVisible();
});
test('should show error for invalid email', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000/signup');
await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'invalid-email');
await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'Password123!');
await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
await expect(page.locator('text=Invalid email')).toBeVisible();
});
});typescript
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
test.describe('User Registration Flow', () => {
test('should complete full registration process', async ({ page }) => {
// 1. 访问首页
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000');
// 2. 点击注册按钮
await page.click('text=Sign Up');
// 3. 填写表单
await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'test@example.com');
await page.fill('input[name="username"]', 'testuser');
await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'Password123!');
// 4. 提交表单
await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
// 5. 验证成功消息
await expect(page.locator('text=Welcome')).toBeVisible();
// 6. 验证重定向到仪表盘
await expect(page).toHaveURL('http://localhost:3000/dashboard');
// 7. 验证用户信息显示
await expect(page.locator('text=testuser')).toBeVisible();
});
test('should show error for invalid email', async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('http://localhost:3000/signup');
await page.fill('input[name="email"]', 'invalid-email');
await page.fill('input[name="password"]', 'Password123!');
await page.click('button[type="submit"]');
await expect(page.locator('text=Invalid email')).toBeVisible();
});
});Step 5: TDD (Test-Driven Development)
步骤5:测试驱动开发(TDD)
Red-Green-Refactor Cycle:
typescript
// 1. RED: 실패하는 테스트 작성
describe('isPalindrome', () => {
it('should return true for palindrome', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('racecar')).toBe(true);
});
});
// 2. GREEN: 테스트 통과하는 최소 코드
function isPalindrome(str: string): boolean {
return str === str.split('').reverse().join('');
}
// 3. REFACTOR: 코드 개선
function isPalindrome(str: string): boolean {
const cleaned = str.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
return cleaned === cleaned.split('').reverse().join('');
}
// 4. 추가 테스트 케이스
it('should ignore case and spaces', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('A man a plan a canal Panama')).toBe(true);
});
it('should return false for non-palindrome', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('hello')).toBe(false);
});红-绿-重构循环:
typescript
// 1. RED:编写失败的测试
describe('isPalindrome', () => {
it('should return true for palindrome', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('racecar')).toBe(true);
});
});
// 2. GREEN:编写让测试通过的最简代码
function isPalindrome(str: string): boolean {
return str === str.split('').reverse().join('');
}
// 3. REFACTOR:优化代码
function isPalindrome(str: string): boolean {
const cleaned = str.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z0-9]/g, '');
return cleaned === cleaned.split('').reverse().join('');
}
// 4. 添加更多测试用例
it('should ignore case and spaces', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('A man a plan a canal Panama')).toBe(true);
});
it('should return false for non-palindrome', () => {
expect(isPalindrome('hello')).toBe(false);
});Output format
输出格式
테스트 전략 문서
测试策略文档
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedTesting Strategy
Testing Strategy
Coverage Goals
覆盖目标
- Unit Tests: 80%
- Integration Tests: 60%
- E2E Tests: Critical user flows
- 单元测试:80%
- 集成测试:60%
- E2E测试:核心用户流程
Test Execution
测试执行
- Unit: Every commit (local + CI)
- Integration: Every PR
- E2E: Before deployment
- 单元测试:每次提交(本地 + CI)
- 集成测试:每次PR
- E2E测试:部署前
Tools
工具
- Unit: Jest
- Integration: Supertest
- E2E: Playwright
- Coverage: Istanbul/nyc
- 单元测试:Jest
- 集成测试:Supertest
- E2E测试:Playwright
- 覆盖率:Istanbul/nyc
CI/CD Integration
CI/CD集成
- GitHub Actions: Run all tests on PR
- Fail build if coverage < 80%
- E2E tests on staging environment
undefined- GitHub Actions:在PR上运行所有测试
- 覆盖率低于80%则构建失败
- 在预发布环境运行E2E测试
undefinedConstraints
约束条件
필수 규칙 (MUST)
必须遵守的规则(MUST)
- 테스트 격리: 각 테스트는 독립적
- Fast Feedback: Unit tests는 빠르게 (<1분)
- Deterministic: 같은 입력 → 같은 결과
- 测试隔离:每个测试必须独立
- 快速反馈:单元测试需快速完成(<1分钟)
- 确定性:相同输入必须得到相同结果
금지 사항 (MUST NOT)
禁止事项(MUST NOT)
- 테스트 의존성: 테스트 A가 테스트 B에 의존 금지
- 프로덕션 DB: 테스트에서 실제 DB 사용 금지
- Sleep/Timeout: 시간 기반 테스트 지양
- 测试依赖:禁止测试A依赖测试B的执行结果
- 生产数据库:禁止在测试中使用生产数据库
- 睡眠/超时:避免使用基于时间的测试
Best practices
最佳实践
- AAA 패턴: Arrange-Act-Assert
- 테스트 이름: "should ... when ..."
- Edge Cases: 경계값, null, 빈 값 테스트
- Happy Path + Sad Path: 성공/실패 시나리오 모두
- AAA模式:Arrange-Act-Assert(准备-执行-验证)
- 测试命名:采用“should ... when ...”格式
- 边界用例:测试边界值、null、空值等场景
- 正常+异常路径:覆盖成功和失败场景
References
参考资料
Metadata
元数据
버전
版本
- 현재 버전: 1.0.0
- 최종 업데이트: 2025-01-01
- 호환 플랫폼: Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini
- 当前版本:1.0.0
- 最后更新:2025-01-01
- 兼容平台:Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini
관련 스킬
相关技能
- backend-testing
- code-review
- backend-testing
- code-review
태그
标签
#testing#test-strategy#TDD#unit-test#integration-test#E2E#code-quality#testing#test-strategy#TDD#unit-test#integration-test#E2E#code-qualityExamples
示例
Example 1: Basic usage
示例1:基础用法
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Example 2: Advanced usage
示例2:高级用法
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