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**Web Vitals 측정** (React):
```typescript
import { getCLS, getFID, getFCP, getLCP, getTTFB } from 'web-vitals';

function sendToAnalytics(metric: any) {
  // Google Analytics, Datadog 등으로 전송
  console.log(metric);
}

getCLS(sendToAnalytics);
getFID(sendToAnalytics);
getFCP(sendToAnalytics);
getLCP(sendToAnalytics);
getTTFB(sendToAnalytics);

// ❌ 나쁜 예: 부모가 리렌더링될 때마다 자식도 리렌더링
function ExpensiveComponent({ data }: { data: Data }) {
  return <div>{/* 복잡한 렌더링 */}</div>;
}

// ✅ 좋은 예: props 변경 시에만 리렌더링
const ExpensiveComponent = React.memo(({ data }: { data: Data }) => {
  return <div>{/* 복잡한 렌더링 */}</div>;
});

function ProductList({ products, category }: Props) {
  // ✅ 필터링 결과 메모이제이션
  const filteredProducts = useMemo(() => {
    return products.filter(p => p.category === category);
  }, [products, category]);

  // ✅ 콜백 메모이제이션
  const handleAddToCart = useCallback((id: string) => {
    addToCart(id);
  }, []);

  return (
    <div>
      {filteredProducts.map(product => (
        <ProductCard key={product.id} product={product} onAdd={handleAddToCart} />
      ))}
    </div>
  );
}

import { lazy, Suspense } from 'react';

// ✅ Route-based code splitting
const Dashboard = lazy(() => import('./pages/Dashboard'));
const Profile = lazy(() => import('./pages/Profile'));
const Settings = lazy(() => import('./pages/Settings'));

function App() {
  return (
    <Suspense fallback={<div>Loading...</div>}>
      <Routes>
        <Route path="/dashboard" element={<Dashboard />} />
        <Route path="/profile" element={<Profile />} />
        <Route path="/settings" element={<Settings />} />
      </Routes>
    </Suspense>
  );
}

// ✅ Component-based lazy loading
const HeavyChart = lazy(() => import('./components/HeavyChart'));

function Dashboard() {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Dashboard</h1>
      <Suspense fallback={<Skeleton />}>
        <HeavyChart data={data} />
      </Suspense>
    </div>
  );
}

npm install --save-dev webpack-bundle-analyzer

**Tree Shaking (사용하지 않는 코드 제거)**:
```typescript
// ❌ 나쁜 예: 전체 라이브러리 임포트
import _ from 'lodash';

// ✅ 좋은 예: 필요한 것만 임포트
import debounce from 'lodash/debounce';

// ✅ 필요할 때만 로드
button.addEventListener('click', async () => {
  const { default: Chart } = await import('chart.js');
  new Chart(ctx, config);
});

import Image from 'next/image';

function ProductImage() {
  return (
    <Image
      src="/product.jpg"
      alt="Product"
      width={500}
      height={500}
      priority  // LCP 이미지인 경우
      placeholder="blur"  // 블러 플레이스홀더
      sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 50vw"
    />
  );
}

<picture>
  <source srcset="image.webp" type="image/webp">
  <source srcset="image.jpg" type="image/jpeg">
  <img src="image.jpg" alt="Fallback">
</picture>

// ❌ 나쁜 예: N+1 queries
const posts = await db.post.findMany();
for (const post of posts) {
  const author = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: post.authorId } });
  // 101번 쿼리 (1 + 100)
}

// ✅ 좋은 예: JOIN 또는 include
const posts = await db.post.findMany({
  include: {
    author: true
  }
});
// 1번 쿼리

-- 느린 쿼리 식별
EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'test@example.com';

-- 인덱스 추가
CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email);

-- 복합 인덱스
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_date ON orders(user_id, created_at);

async function getUserProfile(userId: string) {
  // 1. 캐시 확인
  const cached = await redis.get(`user:${userId}`);
  if (cached) {
    return JSON.parse(cached);
  }

  // 2. DB 조회
  const user = await db.user.findUnique({ where: { id: userId } });

  // 3. 캐시 저장 (1시간)
  await redis.setex(`user:${userId}`, 3600, JSON.stringify(user));

  return user;
}

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