observability
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ChineseObservability
可观测性
Implement the three pillars of observability: logs, metrics, and traces.
实现可观测性的三大支柱：日志、指标和追踪。
The Three Pillars
三大支柱
| Pillar | Purpose | Key Question |
|---|---|---|
| Logs | Discrete events with context | What happened? |
| Metrics | Aggregated measurements | How much/many? |
| Traces | Request flow across services | Where did time go? |
| 支柱 | 用途 | 核心问题 |
|---|---|---|
| 日志 | 带上下文的离散事件 | 发生了什么？ |
| 指标 | 聚合度量数据 | 有多少/多频繁？ |
| 追踪 | 跨服务的请求流 | 时间消耗在哪里？ |
Quick Pick
快速选择
- Debug specific request? → Logs + Traces
- Alert on thresholds? → Metrics
- Understand system health? → All three
- Starting from zero? → Logs first, then metrics, then traces
- 调试特定请求？ → 日志 + 追踪
- 基于阈值告警？ → 指标
- 了解系统健康状况？ → 三者结合
- 从零开始？ → 先日志，再指标，最后追踪
Key Principles
核心原则
- Use structured logging (JSON) with correlation IDs across all services
- Instrument the four golden signals: latency, traffic, errors, saturation
- Define SLIs/SLOs before building dashboards or alerts
- Alert on symptoms (user impact), not causes (CPU usage)
- 使用带关联ID的结构化日志（JSON格式）覆盖所有服务
- 埋点四大黄金信号：延迟、流量、错误、饱和度
- 在构建仪表盘或告警前先定义SLI/SLO
- 针对症状（用户影响）告警，而非原因（CPU使用率）
Quick Start Checklist
快速入门清单
- Set up structured logger (Pino recommended for Node.js)
- Add request correlation IDs (middleware)
- Instrument key metrics (RED: Rate, Errors, Duration)
- Configure distributed tracing (OpenTelemetry)
- Create dashboards for golden signals
- Set up alerts with appropriate severity levels
- 搭建结构化日志记录器（Node.js推荐Pino）
- 添加请求关联ID（中间件）
- 埋点关键指标（RED：请求速率、错误数、持续时间）
- 配置分布式追踪（OpenTelemetry）
- 为黄金信号创建仪表盘
- 设置对应严重级别的告警
References
参考资料
| Reference | Description |
|---|---|
| logging-patterns.md | Structured logging, log levels, Pino/Winston setup |
| metrics-guide.md | Prometheus, counters/gauges/histograms, golden signals |
| tracing-basics.md | OpenTelemetry, distributed tracing, span design |
| alerting-guide.md | Alert design, SLIs/SLOs, severity levels, dashboards |
| 参考文档 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| logging-patterns.md | 结构化日志、日志级别、Pino/Winston配置 |
| metrics-guide.md | Prometheus、计数器/仪表盘/直方图、黄金信号 |
| tracing-basics.md | OpenTelemetry、分布式追踪、Span设计 |
| alerting-guide.md | 告警设计、SLI/SLO、严重级别、仪表盘 |