startup-business-analyst-financial-projections
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ChineseFinancial Projections
财务预测
Create a comprehensive 3-5 year financial model with revenue projections, cost structure, headcount planning, cash flow analysis, and three-scenario modeling (conservative, base, optimistic) for startup financial planning and fundraising.
为创业公司的财务规划和融资创建一个全面的3-5年财务模型,包含收入预测、成本结构、人员规划、现金流分析以及三种场景建模(保守型、基准型、乐观型)。
Use this skill when
何时使用此技能
- Working on financial projections tasks or workflows
- Needing guidance, best practices, or checklists for financial projections
- 处理财务预测相关任务或工作流时
- 需要财务预测的指导、最佳实践或检查清单时
Do not use this skill when
何时不使用此技能
- The task is unrelated to financial projections
- You need a different domain or tool outside this scope
- 任务与财务预测无关时
- 需要此范围之外的其他领域或工具时
Instructions
操作说明
- Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
- Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
- Provide actionable steps and verification.
- If detailed examples are required, open .
resources/implementation-playbook.md
- 明确目标、约束条件和所需输入。
- 应用相关最佳实践并验证结果。
- 提供可执行的步骤和验证方法。
- 如果需要详细示例,请打开。
resources/implementation-playbook.md
What This Command Does
此命令的功能
This command builds a complete financial model including:
- Cohort-based revenue projections
- Detailed cost structure (COGS, S&M, R&D, G&A)
- Headcount planning by role
- Monthly cash flow analysis
- Key metrics (CAC, LTV, burn rate, runway)
- Three-scenario analysis
该命令可构建完整的财务模型,包括:
- 基于用户群组的收入预测
- 详细成本结构(销货成本、销售与营销、研发、一般及行政开支)
- 按岗位划分的人员规划
- 月度现金流分析
- 关键指标(客户获取成本CAC、客户终身价值LTV、烧钱率、现金流 runway)
- 三种场景分析
Instructions for Claude
给Claude的操作说明
When this command is invoked, follow these steps:
当调用此命令时,请遵循以下步骤:
Step 1: Gather Model Inputs
步骤1:收集模型输入信息
Ask the user for essential information:
Business Model:
- Revenue model (SaaS, marketplace, transaction, etc.)
- Pricing structure (tiers, average price)
- Target customer segments
Starting Point:
- Current MRR/ARR (if any)
- Current customer count
- Current team size
- Current cash balance
Growth Assumptions:
- Expected monthly customer acquisition
- Customer retention/churn rate
- Average contract value (ACV)
- Sales cycle length
Cost Assumptions:
- Gross margin or COGS %
- S&M budget or CAC target
- Current burn rate (if applicable)
Funding:
- Planned fundraising (amount, timing)
- Pre/post-money valuation
向用户询问关键信息:
商业模式:
- 收入模式(SaaS、市场平台、交易型等)
- 定价结构(分层定价、平均价格)
- 目标客户群体
当前状况:
- 当前MRR/ARR(如有)
- 当前客户数量
- 当前团队规模
- 当前现金余额
增长假设:
- 预期月度客户获取量
- 客户留存/流失率
- 平均合同价值(ACV)
- 销售周期长度
成本假设:
- 毛利率或销货成本占比
- 销售与营销预算或客户获取成本(CAC)目标
- 当前烧钱率(如适用)
融资信息:
- 计划融资金额及时间
- 投前/投后估值
Step 2: Activate startup-financial-modeling Skill
步骤2:激活startup-financial-modeling技能
The startup-financial-modeling skill provides frameworks. Reference it for:
- Revenue modeling approaches
- Cost structure templates
- Headcount planning guidance
- Scenario analysis methods
startup-financial-modeling技能提供相关框架,可参考以下内容:
- 收入建模方法
- 成本结构模板
- 人员规划指南
- 场景分析方法
Step 3: Build Revenue Model
步骤3:构建收入模型
Use Cohort-Based Approach:
For each month, track:
- New customers acquired
- Existing customers retained (apply churn)
- Revenue per cohort (customers × ARPU)
- Expansion revenue (upsells)
Formula:
MRR (Month N) = Σ across all cohorts:
(Cohort Size × Retention Rate × ARPU) + ExpansionProject:
- Monthly detail for Year 1-2
- Quarterly detail for Year 3
- Annual for Years 4-5
采用基于用户群组的方法:
每月跟踪以下内容:
- 获取的新客户
- 留存的现有客户(应用流失率)
- 每个群组的收入(客户数 × 每用户平均收入ARPU)
- 扩展收入(追加销售)
公式:
MRR (Month N) = Σ across all cohorts:
(Cohort Size × Retention Rate × ARPU) + Expansion预测粒度:
- 第1-2年为月度明细
- 第3年为季度明细
- 第4-5年为年度汇总
Step 4: Model Cost Structure
步骤4:构建成本结构模型
Break down operating expenses:
1. Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
- Hosting/infrastructure (% of revenue or fixed)
- Payment processing (% of revenue)
- Variable customer support
- Third-party services
Target gross margin:
- SaaS: 75-85%
- Marketplace: 60-70%
- E-commerce: 40-60%
2. Sales & Marketing (S&M)
- Sales team compensation
- Marketing programs
- Tools and software
- Target: 40-60% of revenue (early stage)
3. Research & Development (R&D)
- Engineering team
- Product management
- Design
- Target: 30-40% of revenue
4. General & Administrative (G&A)
- Executive team
- Finance, legal, HR
- Office and facilities
- Target: 15-25% of revenue
拆分运营开支:
1. 销货成本(COGS)
- 托管/基础设施费用(占收入比例或固定金额)
- 支付处理费用(占收入比例)
- 可变客户支持成本
- 第三方服务费用
目标毛利率:
- SaaS:75-85%
- 市场平台:60-70%
- 电子商务:40-60%
2. 销售与营销(S&M)
- 销售团队薪酬
- 营销项目开支
- 工具与软件费用
- 目标占比:早期阶段为收入的40-60%
3. 研发(R&D)
- 工程师团队
- 产品管理
- 设计
- 目标占比:收入的30-40%
4. 一般及行政开支(G&A)
- 高管团队
- 财务、法务、人力资源
- 办公场地及设施
- 目标占比:收入的15-25%
Step 5: Plan Headcount
步骤5:人员规划
Create role-by-role hiring plan:
Reference team-composition-analysis skill for:
- Roles by stage
- Compensation benchmarks
- Hiring velocity assumptions
For each role:
- Title and department
- Start date (month/quarter)
- Base salary
- Fully-loaded cost (salary × 1.3-1.4)
- Equity grant
Track departmental ratios:
- Engineering: 40-50% of team
- Sales & Marketing: 25-35%
- G&A: 10-15%
- Product/CS: 10-15%
创建按岗位划分的招聘计划:
参考team-composition-analysis技能获取以下内容:
- 不同阶段的岗位设置
- 薪酬基准
- 招聘速度假设
针对每个岗位:
- 岗位名称及所属部门
- 入职日期(月/季度)
- 基本工资
- 全负荷成本(基本工资 × 1.3-1.4)
- 股权激励
跟踪部门人员比例:
- 工程:团队总人数的40-50%
- 销售与营销:25-35%
- 一般及行政:10-15%
- 产品/客户成功:10-15%
Step 6: Calculate Cash Flow
步骤6:计算现金流
Monthly cash flow projection:
Beginning Cash Balance
+ Cash Collected (revenue, consider payment terms)
- Operating Expenses
- CapEx
= Ending Cash Balance
Monthly Burn = Revenue - Expenses (if negative)
Runway = Cash Balance / Monthly Burn RateInclude Funding Events:
- Timing of raises
- Amount raised
- Use of proceeds
- Impact on cash balance
月度现金流预测:
Beginning Cash Balance
+ Cash Collected (revenue, consider payment terms)
- Operating Expenses
- CapEx
= Ending Cash Balance
Monthly Burn = Revenue - Expenses (if negative)
Runway = Cash Balance / Monthly Burn Rate包含融资事件:
- 融资时间
- 融资金额
- 资金用途
- 对现金余额的影响
Step 7: Compute Key Metrics
步骤7:计算关键指标
Calculate monthly/quarterly:
Unit Economics:
- CAC (S&M spend / new customers)
- LTV (ARPU × margin% / churn rate)
- LTV:CAC ratio (target > 3.0)
- CAC payback period (target < 18 months)
Efficiency Metrics:
- Burn multiple (net burn / net new ARR) - target < 2.0
- Magic number (net new ARR / S&M spend) - target > 0.5
- Rule of 40 (growth% + margin%) - target > 40%
Cash Metrics:
- Monthly burn rate
- Runway in months
- Cash efficiency
计算月度/季度指标:
单位经济效益:
- CAC(销售与营销开支 / 新客户数)
- LTV(ARPU × 毛利率 / 流失率)
- LTV:CAC比率(目标>3.0)
- CAC回收期(目标<18个月)
效率指标:
- 烧钱倍数(净烧钱 / 新增净ARR)- 目标<2.0
- 神奇数字(新增净ARR / 销售与营销开支)- 目标>0.5
- 40法则(增长率% + 毛利率%)- 目标>40%
现金指标:
- 月度烧钱率
- 现金流 runway(月数)
- 现金使用效率
Step 8: Create Three Scenarios
步骤8:创建三种场景模型
Build conservative, base, and optimistic projections:
Conservative (P10):
- New customers: -30% vs. base
- Churn: +20% vs. base
- Pricing: -15% vs. base
- CAC: +25% vs. base
Base (P50):
- Most likely assumptions
- Primary planning scenario
Optimistic (P90):
- New customers: +30% vs. base
- Churn: -20% vs. base
- Pricing: +15% vs. base
- CAC: -25% vs. base
构建保守型、基准型和乐观型预测:
保守型(P10):
- 新客户数:较基准型减少30%
- 流失率:较基准型增加20%
- 定价:较基准型降低15%
- CAC:较基准型增加25%
基准型(P50):
- 最可能的假设
- 主要规划场景
乐观型(P90):
- 新客户数:较基准型增加30%
- 流失率:较基准型减少20%
- 定价:较基准型提高15%
- CAC:较基准型减少25%
Step 9: Generate Financial Model Report
步骤9:生成财务模型报告
Create comprehensive markdown report with tables:
Section 1: Executive Summary
- 3-5 year financial snapshot
- Key metrics at scale
- Funding requirements
Section 2: Model Assumptions
- Revenue model and pricing
- Growth assumptions
- Cost structure assumptions
- Headcount plan summary
Section 3: Revenue Projections
Monthly/quarterly tables showing:
| Month | New Customers | Total Customers | MRR | ARR | Growth % |
|-------|---------------|-----------------|-----|-----|----------|Section 4: Cost Breakdown
| Department | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | % Revenue |
|------------|--------|--------|--------|-----------|
| COGS | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| S&M | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| R&D | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| G&A | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |Section 5: Headcount Plan
| Department | Current | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |
|------------|---------|--------|--------|--------|
| Engineering| X | Y | Z | W |Section 6: Cash Flow Analysis
| Quarter | Revenue | Expenses | Net Burn | Cash Balance | Runway |
|---------|---------|----------|----------|--------------|--------|Section 7: Key Metrics
| Metric | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Target |
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| CAC | $X | $Y | $Z | <$A |
| LTV | $X | $Y | $Z | >$B |
| Burn Multiple | X | Y | Z | <2.0 |Section 8: Scenario Analysis
| Scenario | Year 3 ARR | Customers | Burn | Runway |
|----------|------------|-----------|------|--------|
| Conservative | $Xم | Y | $Z | W mo |
| Base | $X | Y | $Z | W mo |
| Optimistic | $X | Y | $Z | W mo |Section 9: Funding Requirements
- Amount needed
- Use of proceeds breakdown
- Milestones to achieve
- Expected valuation impact
Section 10: Validation
- Sanity checks performed
- Benchmark comparisons
- Risk factors
- Assumptions to monitor
创建包含表格的全面Markdown报告:
第1部分:执行摘要
- 3-5年财务快照
- 规模化后的关键指标
- 融资需求
第2部分:模型假设
- 收入模式与定价
- 增长假设
- 成本结构假设
- 人员规划摘要
第3部分:收入预测
月度/季度表格示例:
| Month | New Customers | Total Customers | MRR | ARR | Growth % |
|-------|---------------|-----------------|-----|-----|----------|第4部分:成本明细
| Department | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | % Revenue |
|------------|--------|--------|--------|-----------|
| COGS | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| S&M | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| R&D | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |
| G&A | $X | $Y | $Z | XX% |第5部分:人员规划
| Department | Current | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |
|------------|---------|--------|--------|--------|
| Engineering| X | Y | Z | W |第6部分:现金流分析
| Quarter | Revenue | Expenses | Net Burn | Cash Balance | Runway |
|---------|---------|----------|----------|--------------|--------|第7部分:关键指标
| Metric | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Target |
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| CAC | $X | $Y | $Z | <$A |
| LTV | $X | $Y | $Z | >$B |
| Burn Multiple | X | Y | Z | <2.0 |第8部分:场景分析
| Scenario | Year 3 ARR | Customers | Burn | Runway |
|----------|------------|-----------|------|--------|
| Conservative | $Xم | Y | $Z | W mo |
| Base | $X | Y | $Z | W mo |
| Optimistic | $X | Y | $Z | W mo |第9部分:融资需求
- 所需金额
- 资金用途明细
- 需达成的里程碑
- 对估值的预期影响
第10部分:验证
- 执行的合理性检查
- 基准对比
- 风险因素
- 需要监控的假设
Step 10: Save Model
步骤10:保存模型
Offer to save as markdown file:
- Suggest filename:
financial-projections-YYYY-MM-DD.md - Include note that user can convert to Excel/Sheets
- Provide formulas for key calculations
提供保存为Markdown文件的选项:
- 建议文件名:
financial-projections-YYYY-MM-DD.md - 备注:用户可将其转换为Excel/表格格式
- 提供关键计算的公式
Financial Model Best Practices
财务模型最佳实践
Do:
- Use cohort-based revenue model
- Include 3 scenarios
- Show monthly detail (Year 1-2)
- Calculate key metrics
- Validate against benchmarks
- Document all assumptions
- Show cash flow and runway
- Include fundraising milestones
Don't:
- Be overly optimistic on growth
- Underestimate costs
- Forget fully-loaded compensation
- Ignore cash timing
- Skip scenario analysis
- Use static headcount
- Forget to validate
建议:
- 使用基于用户群组的收入模型
- 包含3种场景
- 展示第1-2年的月度明细
- 计算关键指标
- 与行业基准对比验证
- 记录所有假设
- 展示现金流与runway
- 包含融资里程碑
避免:
- 对增长过于乐观
- 低估成本
- 忽略全负荷薪酬
- 忽视现金到账时间
- 跳过场景分析
- 使用静态人员规划
- 跳过验证步骤
Integration with Other Commands
与其他命令的集成
Pairs well with:
- - Use SOM for revenue ceiling
/market-opportunity - - Include projections in business case
/business-case
以下命令可与其搭配使用:
- - 使用服务可获取市场规模(SOM)作为收入上限
/market-opportunity - - 在商业案例中包含预测数据
/business-case
Example Usage
使用示例
User: /financial-projections
Claude: I'll create a comprehensive financial model for your startup. Let me gather the key inputs.
What's your business model?
→ "B2B SaaS, subscription-based"
Current state?
→ "$50K MRR, 100 customers, 5-person team, $500K cash"
Growth assumptions?
→ "Expect 15% MoM growth, 10% monthly churn, $500 ACV"
[Claude builds complete model with all sections]User: /financial-projections
Claude: 我将为您的创业公司创建一个全面的财务模型。请提供关键输入信息。
您的商业模式是什么?
→ "B2B SaaS,订阅制"
当前状况如何?
→ "月经常性收入(MRR)5万美元,100个客户,5人团队,50万美元现金储备"
增长假设是怎样的?
→ "预期月度增长15%,月度流失率10%,平均合同价值(ACV)500美元"
[Claude构建包含所有部分的完整模型]Notes
注意事项
- Model building takes 45-90 minutes
- Results in comprehensive planning tool
- Update monthly to track vs. actuals
- Share with investors and board
- Use for fundraising decks
- Basis for budget and hiring decisions
- 模型构建需45-90分钟
- 生成的结果是全面的规划工具
- 每月更新以跟踪实际情况与预测的差异
- 可与投资者和董事会分享
- 用于融资演示文稿
- 作为预算和招聘决策的依据