PDF Processing Guide

PDF处理指南

Overview

概述

This guide covers essential PDF processing operations using Python libraries and command-line tools. For advanced features, JavaScript libraries, and detailed examples, see reference.md. If you need to fill out a PDF form, read forms.md and follow its instructions.

本指南介绍了使用Python库和命令行工具进行的核心PDF处理操作。如需了解高级功能、JavaScript库及详细示例，请参阅reference.md。如果您需要填写PDF表单，请阅读forms.md并按照其中的说明操作。

Quick Start

快速开始

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

Read a PDF

reader = PdfReader("document.pdf") print(f"Pages: {len(reader.pages)}")

Extract text

text = "" for page in reader.pages: text += page.extract_text()

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text = "" for page in reader.pages: text += page.extract_text()

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Python Libraries

Python库

pypdf - Basic Operations

pypdf - 基础操作

Merge PDFs

合并PDF

python

from pypdf import PdfWriter, PdfReader

writer = PdfWriter()
for pdf_file in ["doc1.pdf", "doc2.pdf", "doc3.pdf"]:
    reader = PdfReader(pdf_file)
    for page in reader.pages:
        writer.add_page(page)

with open("merged.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

python

from pypdf import PdfWriter, PdfReader

writer = PdfWriter()
for pdf_file in ["doc1.pdf", "doc2.pdf", "doc3.pdf"]:
    reader = PdfReader(pdf_file)
    for page in reader.pages:
        writer.add_page(page)

with open("merged.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

Split PDF

拆分PDF

python

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
    writer = PdfWriter()
    writer.add_page(page)
    with open(f"page_{i+1}.pdf", "wb") as output:
        writer.write(output)

python

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
for i, page in enumerate(reader.pages):
    writer = PdfWriter()
    writer.add_page(page)
    with open(f"page_{i+1}.pdf", "wb") as output:
        writer.write(output)

Extract Metadata

提取元数据

python

reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
meta = reader.metadata
print(f"Title: {meta.title}")
print(f"Author: {meta.author}")
print(f"Subject: {meta.subject}")
print(f"Creator: {meta.creator}")

python

reader = PdfReader("document.pdf")
meta = reader.metadata
print(f"Title: {meta.title}")
print(f"Author: {meta.author}")
print(f"Subject: {meta.subject}")
print(f"Creator: {meta.creator}")

Rotate Pages

旋转页面

python

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

page = reader.pages[0]
page.rotate(90)  # Rotate 90 degrees clockwise
writer.add_page(page)

with open("rotated.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

python

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

page = reader.pages[0]
page.rotate(90)  # Rotate 90 degrees clockwise
writer.add_page(page)

with open("rotated.pdf", "wb") as output:
    writer.write(output)

pdfplumber - Text and Table Extraction

pdfplumber - 文本与表格提取

Extract Text with Layout

提取带布局的文本

python

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for page in pdf.pages:
        text = page.extract_text()
        print(text)

python

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for page in pdf.pages:
        text = page.extract_text()
        print(text)

Extract Tables

提取表格

python

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages):
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for j, table in enumerate(tables):
            print(f"Table {j+1} on page {i+1}:")
            for row in table:
                print(row)

python

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    for i, page in enumerate(pdf.pages):
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for j, table in enumerate(tables):
            print(f"Table {j+1} on page {i+1}:")
            for row in table:
                print(row)

Advanced Table Extraction

高级表格提取

python

import pandas as pd

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    all_tables = []
    for page in pdf.pages:
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for table in tables:
            if table:  # Check if table is not empty
                df = pd.DataFrame(table[1:], columns=table[0])
                all_tables.append(df)

python

import pandas as pd

with pdfplumber.open("document.pdf") as pdf:
    all_tables = []
    for page in pdf.pages:
        tables = page.extract_tables()
        for table in tables:
            if table:  # Check if table is not empty
                df = pd.DataFrame(table[1:], columns=table[0])
                all_tables.append(df)

Combine all tables

if all_tables: combined_df = pd.concat(all_tables, ignore_index=True) combined_df.to_excel("extracted_tables.xlsx", index=False)

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if all_tables: combined_df = pd.concat(all_tables, ignore_index=True) combined_df.to_excel("extracted_tables.xlsx", index=False)

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reportlab - Create PDFs

reportlab - 创建PDF

Basic PDF Creation

基础PDF创建

python

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

c = canvas.Canvas("hello.pdf", pagesize=letter)
width, height = letter

python

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.pdfgen import canvas

c = canvas.Canvas("hello.pdf", pagesize=letter)
width, height = letter

Add text

c.drawString(100, height - 100, "Hello World!") c.drawString(100, height - 120, "This is a PDF created with reportlab")

Add a line

c.line(100, height - 140, 400, height - 140)

Save

c.save()

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c.save()

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Create PDF with Multiple Pages

创建多页PDF

python

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

doc = SimpleDocTemplate("report.pdf", pagesize=letter)
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
story = []

python

from reportlab.lib.pagesizes import letter
from reportlab.platypus import SimpleDocTemplate, Paragraph, Spacer, PageBreak
from reportlab.lib.styles import getSampleStyleSheet

doc = SimpleDocTemplate("report.pdf", pagesize=letter)
styles = getSampleStyleSheet()
story = []

Add content

title = Paragraph("Report Title", styles['Title']) story.append(title) story.append(Spacer(1, 12))

body = Paragraph("This is the body of the report. " * 20, styles['Normal']) story.append(body) story.append(PageBreak())

title = Paragraph("Report Title", styles['Title']) story.append(title) story.append(Spacer(1, 12))

body = Paragraph("This is the body of the report. " * 20, styles['Normal']) story.append(body) story.append(PageBreak())

Page 2

story.append(Paragraph("Page 2", styles['Heading1'])) story.append(Paragraph("Content for page 2", styles['Normal']))

Build PDF

doc.build(story)

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doc.build(story)

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Command-Line Tools

命令行工具

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

bash

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bash

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Extract text

pdftotext input.pdf output.txt

Extract text preserving layout

pdftotext -layout input.pdf output.txt

Extract specific pages

pdftotext -f 1 -l 5 input.pdf output.txt # Pages 1-5

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pdftotext -f 1 -l 5 input.pdf output.txt # Pages 1-5

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qpdf

bash

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bash

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Merge PDFs

qpdf --empty --pages file1.pdf file2.pdf -- merged.pdf

Split pages

qpdf input.pdf --pages . 1-5 -- pages1-5.pdf qpdf input.pdf --pages . 6-10 -- pages6-10.pdf

Rotate pages

qpdf input.pdf output.pdf --rotate=+90:1 # Rotate page 1 by 90 degrees

Remove password

qpdf --password=mypassword --decrypt encrypted.pdf decrypted.pdf

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qpdf --password=mypassword --decrypt encrypted.pdf decrypted.pdf

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pdftk (if available)

bash

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bash

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Merge

pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output merged.pdf

pdftotk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output merged.pdf

Split

pdftk input.pdf burst

pdftotk input.pdf burst

Rotate

pdftk input.pdf rotate 1east output rotated.pdf

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pdftotk input.pdf rotate 1east output rotated.pdf

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Common Tasks

常见任务

Extract Text from Scanned PDFs

从扫描版PDF提取文本

python

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python

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Requires: pip install pytesseract pdf2image

import pytesseract from pdf2image import convert_from_path

Convert PDF to images

images = convert_from_path('scanned.pdf')

OCR each page

text = "" for i, image in enumerate(images): text += f"Page {i+1}:\n" text += pytesseract.image_to_string(image) text += "\n\n"

print(text)

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text = "" for i, image in enumerate(images): text += f"Page {i+1}:\n" text += pytesseract.image_to_string(image) text += "\n\n"

print(text)

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Add Watermark

添加水印

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

Create watermark (or load existing)

watermark = PdfReader("watermark.pdf").pages[0]

Apply to all pages

reader = PdfReader("document.pdf") writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages: page.merge_page(watermark) writer.add_page(page)

with open("watermarked.pdf", "wb") as output: writer.write(output)

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reader = PdfReader("document.pdf") writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages: page.merge_page(watermark) writer.add_page(page)

with open("watermarked.pdf", "wb") as output: writer.write(output)

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Extract Images

提取图片

bash

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bash

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Using pdfimages (poppler-utils)

pdfimages -j input.pdf output_prefix

This extracts all images as output_prefix-000.jpg, output_prefix-001.jpg, etc.

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Password Protection

密码保护

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    writer.add_page(page)

python

from pypdf import PdfReader, PdfWriter

reader = PdfReader("input.pdf")
writer = PdfWriter()

for page in reader.pages:
    writer.add_page(page)

Add password

writer.encrypt("userpassword", "ownerpassword")

with open("encrypted.pdf", "wb") as output: writer.write(output)

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writer.encrypt("userpassword", "ownerpassword")

with open("encrypted.pdf", "wb") as output: writer.write(output)

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Quick Reference

快速参考

Task	Best Tool	Command/Code
Merge PDFs	pypdf	`writer.add_page(page)`
Split PDFs	pypdf	One page per file
Extract text	pdfplumber	`page.extract_text()`
Extract tables	pdfplumber	`page.extract_tables()`
Create PDFs	reportlab	Canvas or Platypus
Command line merge	qpdf	`qpdf --empty --pages ...`
OCR scanned PDFs	pytesseract	Convert to image first
Fill PDF forms	pdf-lib or pypdf (see forms.md)	See forms.md

任务	最佳工具	命令/代码
合并PDF	pypdf	`writer.add_page(page)`
拆分PDF	pypdf	单页保存为单个文件
提取文本	pdfplumber	`page.extract_text()`
提取表格	pdfplumber	`page.extract_tables()`
创建PDF	reportlab	Canvas或Platypus
命令行合并	qpdf	`qpdf --empty --pages ...`
OCR扫描版PDF	pytesseract	先转换为图片
填写PDF表单	pdf-lib或pypdf（见forms.md）	见forms.md

Next Steps

后续步骤

For advanced pypdfium2 usage, see reference.md
For JavaScript libraries (pdf-lib), see reference.md
If you need to fill out a PDF form, follow the instructions in forms.md
For troubleshooting guides, see reference.md

如需了解pypdfium2的高级用法，请参阅reference.md
如需了解JavaScript库（pdf-lib），请参阅reference.md
如果您需要填写PDF表单，请按照forms.md中的说明操作
如需故障排除指南，请参阅reference.md

When to Use

使用场景

This skill is applicable to execute the workflow or actions described in the overview.

当需要执行概述中描述的工作流或操作时，即可使用本技能。

pdf-official

Original

Translation

PDF Processing Guide

PDF处理指南

Overview

概述

Quick Start

快速开始

Read a PDF

Read a PDF

Extract text

Extract text

Python Libraries

Python库

pypdf - Basic Operations

pypdf - 基础操作

Merge PDFs

合并PDF

Split PDF

拆分PDF

Extract Metadata

提取元数据

Rotate Pages

旋转页面

pdfplumber - Text and Table Extraction

pdfplumber - 文本与表格提取

Extract Text with Layout

提取带布局的文本

Extract Tables

提取表格

Advanced Table Extraction

高级表格提取

Combine all tables

Combine all tables

reportlab - Create PDFs

reportlab - 创建PDF

Basic PDF Creation

基础PDF创建

Add text

Add text

Add a line

Add a line

Save

Save

Create PDF with Multiple Pages

创建多页PDF

Add content

Add content

Page 2

Page 2

Build PDF

Build PDF

Command-Line Tools

命令行工具

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

pdftotext (poppler-utils)

Extract text

Extract text

Extract text preserving layout

Extract text preserving layout

Extract specific pages

Extract specific pages

qpdf

qpdf

Merge PDFs

Merge PDFs

Split pages

Split pages

Rotate pages

Rotate pages

Remove password

Remove password

pdftk (if available)

pdftk (if available)

Merge

Merge

Split

Split

Rotate