rails-mailers

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Email with ActionMailer

使用ActionMailer发送邮件

Send transactional and notification emails using ActionMailer, integrated with SolidQueue for async delivery. Create HTML and text templates, preview emails in development, and test thoroughly.

<when-to-use> - Sending transactional emails (password resets, confirmations, receipts) - Sending notification emails (updates, alerts, digests) - Delivering emails asynchronously via background jobs - Creating email templates with HTML and text versions - Testing email delivery and content </when-to-use> <benefits> - **Async Delivery** - ActionMailer integrates with SolidQueue for non-blocking email sending - **Template Support** - ERB templates for HTML and text email versions - **Preview in Development** - See emails without sending via /rails/mailers - **Testing Support** - Full test suite for delivery and content - **Layouts** - Shared layouts for consistent email branding - **Attachments** - Send files (PDFs, images) with emails </benefits> <verification-checklist> Before completing mailer work: - ✅ Async delivery used (deliver_later, not deliver_now) - ✅ Both HTML and text templates provided - ✅ URL helpers used (not path helpers) - ✅ Email previews created for development - ✅ Mailer tests passing (delivery and content) - ✅ SolidQueue configured for background delivery </verification-checklist> <standards> - ALWAYS deliver emails asynchronously with deliver_later (NOT deliver_now) - Provide both HTML and text email templates - Use *_url helpers (NOT *_path) for links in emails - Set default 'from' address in ApplicationMailer - Create email previews for development (/rails/mailers) - Configure default_url_options for each environment - Use inline CSS for email styling (email clients strip external styles) - Test email delivery and content - Use parameterized mailers (.with()) for cleaner syntax </standards>

使用ActionMailer发送事务性和通知类邮件，集成SolidQueue实现异步投递。创建HTML和文本模板，在开发环境中预览邮件，并进行全面测试。

<when-to-use> - 发送事务性邮件（密码重置、确认通知、收据） - 发送通知类邮件（更新、告警、摘要） - 通过后台任务异步投递邮件 - 创建HTML和文本版本的邮件模板 - 测试邮件投递和内容 </when-to-use> <benefits> - **异步投递** - ActionMailer集成SolidQueue实现非阻塞邮件发送 - **模板支持** - 支持HTML和文本邮件版本的ERB模板 - **开发环境预览** - 通过/rails/mailer路径无需发送即可查看邮件 - **测试支持** - 完整的投递和内容测试套件 - **布局** - 共享布局实现统一的邮件品牌风格 - **附件** - 支持随邮件发送文件（PDF、图片） </benefits> <verification-checklist> 完成邮件开发工作前： - ✅ 使用异步投递（deliver_later，而非deliver_now） - ✅ 同时提供HTML和文本模板 - ✅ 使用URL助手（而非路径助手） - ✅ 为开发环境创建邮件预览 - ✅ 邮件测试通过（投递和内容） - ✅ 配置SolidQueue实现后台投递 </verification-checklist> <standards> - 始终使用deliver_later异步投递邮件（不要使用deliver_now） - 同时提供HTML和文本邮件模板 - 邮件中的链接使用*_url助手（不要使用*_path） - 在ApplicationMailer中设置默认发件人地址 - 为开发环境创建邮件预览（/rails/mailers） - 为每个环境配置default_url_options - 使用内联CSS设置邮件样式（邮件客户端会剥离外部样式） - 测试邮件投递和内容 - 使用参数化邮件器(.with())获得更简洁的语法 </standards>

ActionMailer Setup

ActionMailer配置

<pattern name="actionmailer-basic-setup"> <description>Configure ActionMailer for email delivery</description>

Mailer Class:

ruby

undefined

<pattern name="actionmailer-basic-setup"> <description>配置ActionMailer用于邮件投递</description>

**邮件类：

ruby

undefined

app/mailers/application_mailer.rb

class ApplicationMailer < ActionMailer::Base default from: "noreply@example.com" layout "mailer" end

app/mailers/notification_mailer.rb

class NotificationMailer < ApplicationMailer def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_url mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome to Our App") end

def password_reset(user) @user = user @reset_url = password_reset_url(user.reset_token) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Password Reset Instructions") end end


**HTML Template:**

```erb
<%# app/views/notification_mailer/welcome_email.html.erb %>
<h1>Welcome, <%= @user.name %>!</h1>
<p>Thanks for signing up. Get started by logging in:</p>
<%= link_to "Login Now", @login_url, class: "button" %>

Text Template:

erb

<%# app/views/notification_mailer/welcome_email.text.erb %>
Welcome, <%= @user.name %>!

Thanks for signing up. Get started by logging in:
<%= @login_url %>

Usage (Async with SolidQueue):

ruby

undefined

class NotificationMailer < ApplicationMailer def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_url mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome to Our App") end

def password_reset(user) @user = user @reset_url = password_reset_url(user.reset_token) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Password Reset Instructions") end end


**HTML模板：**

```erb
<%# app/views/notification_mailer/welcome_email.html.erb %>
<h1>Welcome, <%= @user.name %>!</h1>
<p>Thanks for signing up. Get started by logging in:</p>
<%= link_to "Login Now", @login_url, class: "button" %>

文本模板：

erb

<%# app/views/notification_mailer/welcome_email.text.erb %>
Welcome, <%= @user.name %>!

Thanks for signing up. Get started by logging in:
<%= @login_url %>

使用方式（通过SolidQueue异步）：

ruby

undefined

In controller or service

在控制器或者服务中

NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later NotificationMailer.password_reset(@user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers)


**Why:** ActionMailer integrates seamlessly with SolidQueue for async delivery. Always use deliver_later to avoid blocking requests. Provide both HTML and text versions for compatibility.
</pattern>

<antipattern>
<description>Using deliver_now in production (blocks HTTP request)</description>
<bad-example>

```ruby

NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later NotificationMailer.password_reset(@user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers)


**原因：** ActionMailer可以无缝集成SolidQueue实现异步投递。始终使用deliver_later避免阻塞请求。同时提供HTML和文本版本保证兼容性。
</pattern>

<antipattern>
<description>在生产环境使用deliver_now（会阻塞HTTP请求）</description>
<bad-example>

```ruby

❌ WRONG - Blocks HTTP request thread

❌ 错误 - 会阻塞HTTP请求线程

def create @user = User.create!(user_params) NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_now # Blocks! redirect_to @user end


</bad-example>
<good-example>

```ruby

def create @user = User.create!(user_params) NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_now # 阻塞！ redirect_to @user end


</bad-example>
<good-example>

```ruby

✅ CORRECT - Async delivery via SolidQueue

✅ 正确 - 通过SolidQueue异步投递

def create @user = User.create!(user_params) NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later # Non-blocking redirect_to @user end


</good-example>

**Why bad:** deliver_now blocks the HTTP request until SMTP completes, creating slow response times and poor user experience. deliver_later uses SolidQueue to send email in background.
</antipattern>

<pattern name="parameterized-mailers">
<description>Use .with() to pass parameters cleanly to mailers</description>

```ruby
class NotificationMailer < ApplicationMailer
  def custom_notification
    @user = params[:user]
    @message = params[:message]
    mail(to: @user.email, subject: params[:subject])
  end
end

def create @user = User.create!(user_params) NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later # 非阻塞 redirect_to @user end


</good-example>

**错误原因：** deliver_now会阻塞HTTP请求直到SMTP执行完成，导致响应时间变长，用户体验差。deliver_later使用SolidQueue在后台发送邮件。
</antipattern>

<pattern name="parameterized-mailers">
<description>使用.with()向邮件器清晰传递参数</description>

```ruby
class NotificationMailer < ApplicationMailer
  def custom_notification
    @user = params[:user]
    @message = params[:message]
    mail(to: @user.email, subject: params[:subject])
  end
end

Usage

使用方式

NotificationMailer.with( user: user, message: "Update available", subject: "System Alert" ).custom_notification.deliver_later


**Why:** Cleaner syntax, easier to read and modify, and works seamlessly with background jobs.
</pattern>

---

NotificationMailer.with( user: user, message: "Update available", subject: "System Alert" ).custom_notification.deliver_later


**原因：** 语法更简洁，更容易阅读和修改，并且可以和后台任务无缝兼容。
</pattern>

---

Email Templates

邮件模板

<pattern name="email-layouts"> <description>Shared layouts for consistent email branding</description>

HTML Layout:

erb

<%# app/views/layouts/mailer.html.erb %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
      body {
        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        max-width: 600px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        color: #333;
      }
      .header {
        background-color: #4F46E5;
        color: white;
        padding: 20px;
        text-align: center;
      }
      .content {
        padding: 20px;
      }
      .button {
        display: inline-block;
        padding: 12px 24px;
        background-color: #4F46E5;
        color: white;
        text-decoration: none;
        border-radius: 4px;
      }
      .footer {
        padding: 20px;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 12px;
        color: #666;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="header">
      <h1>Your App</h1>
    </div>
    <div class="content">
      <%= yield %>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">
      <p>&copy; 2025 Your Company. All rights reserved.</p>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Text Layout:

erb

<%# app/views/layouts/mailer.text.erb %>
================================================================================
YOUR APP
================================================================================

<%= yield %>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
© 2025 Your Company. All rights reserved.

Why: Consistent branding across all emails. Inline CSS ensures styling works across email clients. </pattern>

<pattern name="email-attachments"> <description>Attach files to emails (PDFs, CSVs, images)</description>

ruby

class ReportMailer < ApplicationMailer
  def monthly_report(user, data)
    @user = user

    # Regular attachment
    attachments["report.pdf"] = {
      mime_type: "application/pdf",
      content: generate_pdf(data)
    }

    # Inline attachment (for embedding in email body)
    attachments.inline["logo.png"] = File.read(
      Rails.root.join("app/assets/images/logo.png")
    )

    mail(to: user.email, subject: "Monthly Report")
  end
end

In template:

erb

<%# Reference inline attachment %>
<%= image_tag attachments["logo.png"].url %>

Why: Attach reports, exports, or inline images. Inline attachments can be referenced in email body with image_tag. </pattern>

<antipattern> <description>Using *_path helpers instead of *_url in emails (broken links)</description> <bad-example>

ruby

undefined

<pattern name="email-layouts"> <description>共享布局实现统一的邮件品牌风格</description>

HTML布局：

erb

<%# app/views/layouts/mailer.html.erb %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <style>
      body {
        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
        max-width: 600px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        color: #333;
      }
      .header {
        background-color: #4F46E5;
        color: white;
        padding: 20px;
        
      }
      .content {
        padding: 20px;
      }
      .button {
        display: inline-block;
        padding: 12px 24px;
        background-color: #4F46E5;
        color: white;
        text-decoration: none;
        border-radius: 4px;
      }
      .footer {
        padding: 20px;
        text-align: center;
        font-size: 12px;
        color: #666;
      }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="header">
      <h1>Your App</h1>
    </div>
    <div class="content">
      <%= yield %>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">
      <p>&copy; 2025 Your Company. All rights reserved.</p>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

文本布局：

erb

<%# app/views/layouts/mailer.text.erb %>
================================================================================
YOUR APP
================================================================================

<%= yield %>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
© 2025 Your Company. All rights reserved.

原因： 所有邮件保持一致的品牌风格。内联CSS确保样式在所有邮件客户端都能正常显示。 </pattern>

<pattern name="email-attachments"> <description>在邮件中附加文件（PDF、CSV、图片）</description>

ruby

class ReportMailer < ApplicationMailer
  def monthly_report(user, data)
    @user = user

    # 普通附件
    attachments["report.pdf"] = {
      mime_type: "application/pdf",
      content: generate_pdf(data)
    }

    # 内联附件（用于嵌入邮件正文）
    attachments.inline["logo.png"] = File.read(
      Rails.root.join("app/assets/images/logo.png")
    )

    mail(to: user.email, subject: "Monthly Report")
  end
end

**在模板中：

erb

<%# 引用内联附件 %>
<%= image_tag attachments["logo.png"].url %>

原因： 附加报告、导出文件或者内联图片。内联附件可以通过image_tag在邮件正文中引用。 </pattern>

<antipattern> <description>在邮件中使用*_path助手而非*_url（链接失效）</description> <bad-example>

ruby

undefined

❌ WRONG - Relative path doesn't work in emails

❌ 错误 - 相对路径在邮件中无法使用

def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_path # => "/login" (relative path) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome") end


</bad-example>
<good-example>

```ruby

def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_path # => "/login" (相对路径) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome") end


</bad-example>
<good-example>

```ruby

✅ CORRECT - Full URL works in emails

✅ 正确 - 完整URL在邮件中可以正常使用

def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_url # => "https://example.com/login" (absolute URL) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome") end

def welcome_email(user) @user = user @login_url = login_url # => "https://example.com/login" (绝对URL) mail(to: user.email, subject: "Welcome") end

Required configuration

必需配置

config/environments/production.rb

config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com", protocol: "https" }


</good-example>

**Why bad:** Emails are viewed outside your application context, so relative paths don't work. Always use *_url helpers to generate absolute URLs.
</antipattern>

---

config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com", protocol: "https" }


</good-example>

**错误原因：** 邮件是在你的应用上下文之外查看的，所以相对路径无法工作。始终使用*_url助手生成绝对URL。
</antipattern>

---

Email Testing

邮件测试

<pattern name="letter-opener-setup"> <description>Preview emails in browser during development without sending</description>

Configuration:

ruby

undefined

<pattern name="letter-opener-setup"> <description>开发过程中在浏览器中预览邮件，无需实际发送</description>

**配置：

ruby

undefined

Gemfile

group :development do gem "letter_opener" end

config/environments/development.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :letter_opener config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "localhost", port: 3000 }

config/environments/production.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { address: "smtp.sendgrid.net", port: 587, user_name: Rails.application.credentials.dig(:smtp, :username), password: Rails.application.credentials.dig(:smtp, :password), authentication: :plain, enable_starttls_auto: true } config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com", protocol: "https" }


**Why:** letter_opener opens emails in browser during development - no SMTP setup needed. Test email appearance without actually sending.
</pattern>

<pattern name="mailer-previews">
<description>Preview all email variations at /rails/mailers</description>

```ruby


**原因：** 开发过程中letter_opener会在浏览器中打开邮件 - 无需配置SMTP。无需实际发送即可测试邮件外观。
</pattern>

<pattern name="mailer-previews">
<description>在/rails/mailers路径预览所有邮件变体</description>

```ruby

test/mailers/previews/notification_mailer_preview.rb

class NotificationMailerPreview < ActionMailer::Preview

Preview at http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers/notification_mailer/welcome_email

def welcome_email user = User.first || User.new(name: "Test User", email: "test@example.com") NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user) end

def password_reset user = User.first || User.new(name: "Test User", email: "test@example.com") user.reset_token = "sample_token_123" NotificationMailer.password_reset(user) end

Preview with different data

def welcome_email_long_name user = User.new(name: "Christopher Alexander Montgomery III", email: "long@example.com") NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user) end end


**Why:** Mailer previews at /rails/mailers let you see all email variations without sending. Test different edge cases (long names, missing data, etc.).
</pattern>

<pattern name="mailer-testing">
<description>Test email delivery and content with ActionMailer::TestCase</description>

```ruby

class NotificationMailerPreview < ActionMailer::Preview

预览地址：http://localhost:3000/rails/mailers/notification_mailer/welcome_email

def welcome_email user = User.first || User.new(name: "Test User", email: "test@example.com") NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user) end

def password_reset user = User.first || User.new(name: "Test User", email: "test@example.com") user.reset_token = "sample_token_123" NotificationMailer.password_reset(user) end

使用不同数据预览

def welcome_email_long_name user = User.new(name: "Christopher Alexander Montgomery III", email: "long@example.com") NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user) end end


**原因：** /rails/mailers路径下的邮件预览让你无需发送即可查看所有邮件变体。测试不同的边缘场景（长名字、缺失数据等）。
</pattern>

<pattern name="mailer-testing">
<description>使用ActionMailer::TestCase测试邮件投递和内容</description>

```ruby

test/mailers/notification_mailer_test.rb

class NotificationMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase test "welcome_email sends with correct attributes" do user = users(:alice) email = NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user)

# Test delivery
assert_emails 1 do
  email.deliver_now
end

# Test attributes
assert_equal [user.email], email.to
assert_equal ["noreply@example.com"], email.from
assert_equal "Welcome to Our App", email.subject

# Test content
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, user.name
assert_includes email.text_part.body.to_s, user.name
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "Login Now"

end

test "delivers via background job" do user = users(:alice)

assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob, queue: "mailers") do
  NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers)
end

end

test "password_reset includes reset link" do user = users(:alice) user.update!(reset_token: "test_token_123") email = NotificationMailer.password_reset(user)

assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "test_token_123"
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "password_reset"

end end


**Why:** Test email delivery, content, and background job enqueuing. Verify recipients, subjects, and that emails are queued properly.
</pattern>

---

class NotificationMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase test "welcome_email sends with correct attributes" do user = users(:alice) email = NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user)

# 测试投递
assert_emails 1 do
  email.deliver_now
end

# 测试属性
assert_equal [user.email], email.to
assert_equal ["noreply@example.com"], email.from
assert_equal "Welcome to Our App", email.subject

# 测试内容
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, user.name
assert_includes email.text_part.body.to_s, user.name
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "Login Now"

end

test "delivers via background job" do user = users(:alice)

assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob, queue: "mailers") do
  NotificationMailer.welcome_email(user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers)
end

end

test "password_reset includes reset link" do user = users(:alice) user.update!(reset_token: "test_token_123") email = NotificationMailer.password_reset(user)

assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "test_token_123"
assert_includes email.html_part.body.to_s, "password_reset"

end end


**原因：** 测试邮件投递、内容和后台任务入队。验证收件人、主题，以及邮件是否正确入队。
</pattern>

---

Email Configuration

邮件配置

<pattern name="environment-configuration"> <description>Configure ActionMailer for each environment</description>

Development:

ruby

undefined

<pattern name="environment-configuration"> <description>为每个环境配置ActionMailer</description>

**开发环境：

ruby

undefined

config/environments/development.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :letter_opener config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = true config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "localhost", port: 3000 }


**Test:**

```ruby


**测试环境：

```ruby

config/environments/test.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com" }


**Production:**

```ruby

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :test config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: "example.com" }


**生产环境：**

```ruby

config/environments/production.rb

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp config.action_mailer.perform_deliveries = true config.action_mailer.raise_delivery_errors = false config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: ENV["APP_HOST"], protocol: "https" }

config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = { address: ENV["SMTP_ADDRESS"], port: ENV["SMTP_PORT"], user_name: Rails.application.credentials.dig(:smtp, :username), password: Rails.application.credentials.dig(:smtp, :password), authentication: :plain, enable_starttls_auto: true }


**Why:** Different configurations per environment. Development previews in browser, test stores emails in memory, production sends via SMTP.
</pattern>

---

<testing>

```ruby


**原因：** 每个环境使用不同的配置。开发环境在浏览器中预览，测试环境将邮件存储在内存中，生产环境通过SMTP发送。
</pattern>

---

<testing>

```ruby

test/mailers/notification_mailer_test.rb

class NotificationMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase setup do @user = users(:alice) end

test "welcome_email" do email = NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user)

assert_emails 1 { email.deliver_now }
assert_equal [@user.email], email.to
assert_equal ["noreply@example.com"], email.from
assert_match @user.name, email.html_part.body.to_s
assert_match @user.name, email.text_part.body.to_s

end

test "enqueues for async delivery" do assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob) do NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later end end

test "uses correct queue" do assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob, queue: "mailers") do NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers) end end end

class NotificationMailerTest < ActionMailer::TestCase setup do @user = users(:alice) end

test "welcome_email" do email = NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user)

assert_emails 1 { email.deliver_now }
assert_equal [@user.email], email.to
assert_equal ["noreply@example.com"], email.from
assert_match @user.name, email.html_part.body.to_s
assert_match @user.name, email.text_part.body.to_s

end

test "enqueues for async delivery" do assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob) do NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later end end

test "uses correct queue" do assert_enqueued_with(job: ActionMailer::MailDeliveryJob, queue: "mailers") do NotificationMailer.welcome_email(@user).deliver_later(queue: :mailers) end end end

test/system/email_delivery_test.rb

class EmailDeliveryTest < ApplicationSystemTestCase test "sends welcome email after signup" do visit signup_path fill_in "Email", with: "new@example.com" fill_in "Password", with: "password" click_button "Sign Up"

assert_enqueued_emails 1
perform_enqueued_jobs

email = ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last
assert_equal ["new@example.com"], email.to
assert_match "Welcome", email.subject

end end


</testing>

---

<related-skills>
- rails-ai:jobs - Background job processing with SolidQueue
- rails-ai:views - Email templates and layouts
- rails-ai:testing - Testing email delivery
- rails-ai:project-setup - Environment-specific email configuration
</related-skills>

<resources>

**Official Documentation:**
- [Rails Guides - Action Mailer Basics](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html)

**Gems & Libraries:**
- [letter_opener](https://github.com/ryanb/letter_opener) - Preview emails in browser during development

**Tools:**
- [Email on Acid](https://www.emailonacid.com/) - Email testing across clients

**Email Service Providers:**
- [SendGrid Rails Guide](https://docs.sendgrid.com/for-developers/sending-email/rubyonrails)

</resources>

assert_enqueued_emails 1
perform_enqueued_jobs

email = ActionMailer::Base.deliveries.last
assert_equal ["new@example.com"], email.to
assert_match "Welcome", email.subject

end end


</testing>

---

<related-skills>
- rails-ai:jobs - 基于SolidQueue的后台任务处理
- rails-ai:views - 邮件模板和布局
- rails-ai:testing - 测试邮件投递
- rails-ai:project-setup - 特定环境的邮件配置
</related-skills>

<resources>

**官方文档：
- [Rails Guides - Action Mailer Basics](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/action_mailer_basics.html)

**Gem和库：**
- [letter_opener](https://github.com/ryanb/letter_opener) - 开发过程中在浏览器中预览邮件

**工具：**
- [Email on Acid](https://www.emailonacid.com/) - 跨客户端邮件测试

**邮件服务提供商：**
- [SendGrid Rails Guide](https://docs.sendgrid.com/for-developers/sending-email/rubyonrails)

</resources>