seo-technical

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SEO Technical

SEO 技术

When to Use

何时使用

  • Running a technical SEO audit on an existing site.
  • Diagnosing why pages are not being indexed or ranked.
  • Optimizing Core Web Vitals or page speed.
  • Setting up site architecture (sitemaps, robots.txt, canonicalization).
  • Implementing structured data / schema markup.
  • Managing AI crawler access via robots.txt.
  • Preparing a new site or migration for SEO readiness.
  • Reviewing JavaScript rendering and its impact on indexation.
  • 对现有站点执行技术 SEO 审计。
  • 诊断页面未被抓取、收录或获得排名的原因。
  • 优化 Core Web Vitals 或页面速度。
  • 配置站点架构(XML sitemap、robots.txt、canonicalization)。
  • 实现 structured data / schema markup。
  • 通过 robots.txt 管理 AI 爬虫访问权限。
  • 为新站点或站点迁移做好 SEO 就绪准备。
  • 检查 JavaScript 渲染及其对索引的影响。

Context Required

所需上下文

  • From startup-context: product description, target audience, primary keywords, current domain and site structure.
  • From the user: site URL, access to Google Search Console data (if available), specific pages of concern, known issues, tech stack (static site, SPA, WordPress, etc.), whether the site has been previously audited.
  • 来自 startup-context:产品描述、目标受众、主要关键词、当前域名及站点结构。
  • 来自用户:站点 URL、Google Search Console 数据访问权限(如可用)、需要关注的具体页面、已知问题、技术栈(静态站点、SPA、WordPress 等),以及该站点之前是否接受过审计。

Workflow

工作流程

Audit across 9 technical dimensions. Score on a 100-point scale with category breakdowns.
  1. Crawlability audit — Foundation; nothing else matters if search engines cannot crawl the site.
    • Check robots.txt for unintended disallow rules.
    • Verify XML sitemap exists, is submitted to Search Console, and is up to date.
    • Identify crawl errors (4xx, 5xx status codes).
    • Check for orphan pages (no internal links pointing to them).
    • Audit redirect chains — flatten to single hops. Chains of 3+ waste crawl budget and dilute link equity.
    • For sites with 10,000+ pages, analyze crawl budget efficiency and remove low-value pages from the index.
  2. Indexation audit — Ensure crawled pages are actually indexed.
    • Check
      site:domain.com
      results vs. expected page count.
    • Look for
      noindex
      tags applied unintentionally.
    • Identify duplicate content issues and missing canonical tags.
    • Check for thin content pages that may be filtered out.
    • Review index coverage report in Search Console for excluded pages.
  3. Security and HTTPS — HTTPS is a ranking signal and a trust requirement.
    • Verify HTTPS everywhere with proper redirects from HTTP.
    • Check for mixed content issues.
    • Validate SSL certificate and HSTS headers.
  4. URL structure — Short, descriptive, hyphenated URLs without parameters.
    • Consistent URL patterns across the site.
    • No duplicate content from URL variations (trailing slashes, www vs. non-www).
    • Self-referencing canonical tags on every page.
  5. Mobile optimization — As of July 2024, Google crawls and indexes ALL websites exclusively with the mobile Googlebot user-agent. Mobile-first is not optional.
    • Mobile and desktop content parity is mandatory.
    • Test with mobile-friendly tools.
    • Responsive design, no horizontal scroll, touch targets properly sized.
  6. Core Web Vitals — Google uses these as ranking signals. Current targets:
    • LCP (Largest Contentful Paint): Target under 2.5 seconds. Fixes: optimize hero images, implement lazy loading, use CDN, reduce server response time.
    • INP (Interaction to Next Paint): Target under 200ms. INP replaced FID in March 2024. Fixes: reduce JavaScript execution time, break up long tasks, optimize event handlers.
    • CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift): Target under 0.1. Fixes: set explicit dimensions on images/embeds, avoid injecting content above existing content, use
      font-display: swap
      .
    • Check for render-blocking CSS/JS, unoptimized images, excessive third-party scripts.
  7. Structured data — Implement schema markup for rich results.
    • Organization schema on the homepage.
    • Article/BlogPosting schema on content pages.
    • Product schema on product pages.
    • FAQ schema where applicable (boosts SERP real estate).
    • BreadcrumbList schema for navigation clarity.
    • Validate with Google's Rich Results Test.
  8. JavaScript rendering — Critical for SPAs and JS-heavy sites.
    • Serve canonical tags, robots directives, and structured data in initial server-rendered HTML. Google may not reliably process these if injected via JavaScript.
    • Verify server-side rendering or pre-rendering is in place for critical content.
    • Test what Googlebot actually sees vs. what users see.
  9. AI crawler management — Managing AI crawlers via robots.txt is a critical 2025-2026 consideration.
    • GPTBot (OpenAI), ClaudeBot (Anthropic), PerplexityBot, Bytespider (ByteDance), Google-Extended
    • Blocking Google-Extended does NOT affect Google Search indexing or AI Overviews — only Gemini training data.
    • Decide per-crawler based on business needs: allow, block, or rate-limit.
从 9 个技术维度进行审计。按百分制评分,并提供分类明细。
  1. 可抓取性审计 — 基础;如果搜索引擎无法抓取站点,其他一切都无关紧要。
    • 检查 robots.txt 中是否存在非预期的 disallow 规则。
    • 确认 XML sitemap 存在、已提交至 Search Console 且保持最新。
    • 识别抓取错误(4xx、5xx 状态码)。
    • 检查孤立页面(没有指向它们的内部链接)。
    • 审计重定向链——将其扁平化为单次跳转。3 跳以上的链条会浪费抓取预算并稀释链接权重。
    • 对于超过 10,000 个页面的站点,分析抓取预算效率,并从索引中移除低价值页面。
  2. 索引审计 — 确保已抓取的页面确实被编入索引。
    • 对比
      site:domain.com
      的结果与预期页面数量。
    • 查找被意外添加的
      noindex
      标签。
    • 识别重复内容问题和缺失的 canonical 标签。
    • 检查可能被过滤掉的薄内容页面。
    • 在 Search Console 中查看索引覆盖率报告,了解被排除的页面。
  3. 安全与 HTTPS — HTTPS 是排名信号,也是建立信任的必要条件。
    • 确认全站均使用 HTTPS,并从 HTTP 正确重定向。
    • 检查混合内容问题。
    • 验证 SSL 证书和 HSTS 标头。
  4. URL 结构 — 使用简短、具描述性、以连字符分隔且不含参数的 URL。
    • 全站 URL 模式保持一致。
    • 避免因 URL 变体(尾部斜杠、www 与非 www)产生重复内容。
    • 每个页面都设置自引用 canonical 标签。
  5. 移动端优化 — 截至 2024 年 7 月,Google 仅使用移动版 Googlebot user-agent 抓取和索引所有网站。移动优先已不再是可选项。
    • 移动端与桌面端内容必须完全一致。
    • 使用移动友好型工具进行测试。
    • 采用响应式设计,不出现水平滚动,触控目标尺寸适当。
  6. Core Web Vitals — Google 会将这些指标用作排名信号。当前目标:
    • LCP (Largest Contentful Paint): 目标低于 2.5 秒。优化方法:优化首屏图片、实施 lazy loading、使用 CDN、缩短服务器响应时间。
    • INP (Interaction to Next Paint): 目标低于 200ms。INP 于 2024 年 3 月取代 FID。优化方法:减少 JavaScript 执行时间、拆分长任务、优化事件处理器。
    • CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift): 目标低于 0.1。优化方法:为图片和嵌入内容设置明确尺寸,避免在现有内容上方注入内容,使用
      font-display: swap
      。
    • 检查是否存在阻塞渲染的 CSS/JS、未优化的图片以及过多的第三方脚本。
  7. Structured data — 实施 schema markup,以获得富媒体搜索结果。
    • 在首页实施 Organization schema。
    • 在内容页面实施 Article/BlogPosting schema。
    • 在产品页面实施 Product schema。
    • 在适用的情况下实施 FAQ schema(可提升 SERP 展示空间)。
    • 实施 BreadcrumbList schema,以清晰表达导航层级。
    • 使用 Google Rich Results Test 进行验证。
  8. JavaScript 渲染 — 对于 SPA 和 JavaScript 密集型站点至关重要。
    • 在初始的服务端渲染 HTML 中提供 canonical 标签、robots 指令和 structured data。如果通过 JavaScript 注入,Google 可能无法可靠地处理这些内容。
    • 确认关键内容已采用服务端渲染或预渲染。
    • 测试 Googlebot 实际看到的内容与用户看到的内容。
  9. AI 爬虫管理 — 通过 robots.txt 管理 AI 爬虫,是 2025—2026 年的一项关键考量。
    • GPTBot (OpenAI)、ClaudeBot (Anthropic)、PerplexityBot、Bytespider (ByteDance)、Google-Extended
    • 阻止 Google-Extended 不会影响 Google Search 索引或 AI Overviews,只会影响 Gemini 训练数据。
    • 根据业务需求逐个决定对爬虫的策略:允许、阻止或限速。

Output Format

输出格式

A prioritized audit report scored on a 100-point scale:
  • Critical issues (blocking indexation or causing major ranking loss): fix immediately
  • High-impact improvements (will meaningfully improve rankings): fix within 2 weeks
  • Medium improvements (incremental gains): fix within 30 days
  • Low priority (minor optimizations): address when convenient
Each item includes: the issue, why it matters for rankings, how to fix it, and estimated effort (low/medium/high).
生成按 100 分制评级的优先级审计报告:
  • 关键问题(阻碍索引或导致重大排名损失):立即修复
  • 高影响改进项(将显著提升排名):2 周内修复
  • 中优先级改进项(带来渐进式提升):30 天内修复
  • 低优先级项(次要优化):方便时处理
每个项目包括:问题、其对排名的重要性、修复方法以及预计工作量(低/中/高)。

Frameworks & Best Practices

框架与最佳实践

  • Canonical tags are directives, not suggestions: While Google treats them as hints, properly implemented canonicals are followed in the vast majority of cases. Always self-canonical pages and canonical duplicates to the preferred version.
  • JavaScript SEO: Critical metadata (canonical, robots, structured data) must be in initial server-rendered HTML. Google can render JS but with delays and reliability gaps.
  • Mobile-first is complete: Since July 2024, there is no "desktop index." The mobile version IS the version Google indexes. Full content parity is non-negotiable.
  • INP replaced FID: FID was fully removed from Chrome tools by September 2024. All performance optimization should target INP (under 200ms), not FID.
  • Crawl budget: Rarely an issue for sites under 10,000 pages. For larger sites, prioritize by removing low-value pages and fixing redirect chains.
  • Hreflang for international sites: Implement correctly or not at all. Errors cause worse indexation than no hreflang tags.
  • Log file analysis: Server logs reveal what Googlebot actually crawls vs. what you want crawled. This is the ground truth of crawlability.
  • Speed is a tiebreaker: Rarely causes dramatic ranking changes alone, but affects user behavior metrics (bounce rate, time on site) which indirectly impact rankings.
  • E-E-A-T signals matter: Author bios with credentials, about page, contact info, links to authoritative sources, HTTPS, privacy policy, terms of service.
  • canonical tags 是指令,而非建议:虽然 Google 将其视为提示信号,但正确实现的 canonical 标签在绝大多数情况下都会被遵循。始终为页面设置自引用 canonical,并将重复页面 canonical 到首选版本。
  • JavaScript SEO:关键元数据(canonical、robots、structured data)必须存在于初始的服务端渲染 HTML 中。Google 可以渲染 JS,但可能存在延迟和可靠性缺口。
  • 移动优先已成为完整标准:自 2024 年 7 月起,不再存在“desktop index”。移动版就是 Google 收录的版本,内容完全一致是不可妥协的要求。
  • INP 已取代 FID:到 2024 年 9 月,Chrome 工具已完全移除 FID。所有性能优化都应以 INP(低于 200ms)为目标,而不是 FID。
  • 抓取预算:对于少于 10,000 个页面的站点,这通常不是问题。对于更大的站点,应优先移除低价值页面并修复重定向链。
  • 国际化站点的 hreflang:要么正确实施,要么不要实施。错误实施造成的索引问题比不设置 hreflang 标签更严重。
  • 日志文件分析:服务器日志能揭示 Googlebot 实际抓取的内容与希望其抓取的内容之间的差异。这是判断可抓取性的真实依据。
  • 速度只是辅助因素:速度很少单独导致排名发生剧烈变化,但会影响用户行为指标(跳出率、站内停留时间),进而间接影响排名。
  • E-E-A-T 信号很重要:提供带资历说明的作者简介、about 页面、联系信息、指向权威来源的链接、HTTPS、隐私政策以及服务条款。

Related Skills

相关 Skills

  • content-strategy
    — when the audit reveals content gaps or thin content that needs a broader content plan
  • landing-page
    — when key landing pages need both CRO and on-page SEO optimization
  • content-strategy
    — 当审计发现内容缺口或薄内容,需要制定更广泛的内容规划时
  • landing-page
    — 当关键落地页需要同时进行 CRO 和页面内 SEO 优化时

Examples

示例

Example 1: Full audit
"We launched our site 6 months ago and we're barely showing up in Google. Can you audit our SEO?"
Good output: A structured audit across all 9 dimensions with a 100-point score. Identifies that robots.txt is blocking the /blog/ directory, sitemap is missing, several pages have duplicate title tags, Core Web Vitals are failing on mobile (LCP at 4.2s due to unoptimized hero image), canonical tags and structured data are injected via JavaScript instead of server-rendered HTML, and no AI crawler policy is defined. Prioritized fix list with critical, high, medium, and low items with effort estimates.
Example 2: Specific issue
"Our blog posts were ranking well but traffic dropped 40% last month."
Good output: Diagnostic checklist starting with Search Console data review (manual actions, crawl errors, index coverage changes), then checking for algorithm update timing, content cannibalization between similar posts, accidental noindex or broken canonicals, Core Web Vitals regression (especially INP after a JS-heavy deploy), lost backlinks, and mobile rendering issues. Recommends specific data to gather and steps to isolate the cause.
示例 1:完整审计
“我们的站点上线 6 个月了,但在 Google 上几乎看不到。能帮我做一次 SEO 审计吗?”
理想输出:围绕全部 9 个维度生成结构化审计,并给出 100 分制评分。指出 robots.txt 阻止抓取
/blog/
目录、缺少 sitemap、多个页面存在重复的 title 标签、移动端 Core Web Vitals 未达标(LCP 达 4.2s,原因是首屏图片未优化)、canonical 标签和 structured data 通过 JavaScript 注入而非服务端渲染 HTML,以及尚未定义 AI 爬虫策略。提供按关键、高、中、低优先级排列并估算工作量的修复清单。
示例 2:具体问题
“我们的博客文章原本排名不错,但上个月流量下降了 40%。”
理想输出:以 Search Console 数据审查为起点的诊断清单(人工处置、抓取错误、索引覆盖率变化),随后检查算法更新时间点、相似文章之间的内容蚕食、意外添加的 noindex 或损坏的 canonical 标签、Core Web Vitals 性能退化(尤其是大量使用 JS 的部署上线后 INP 指标退化)、丢失的外链以及移动端渲染问题。建议收集具体数据,并提供定位根本原因所需执行的步骤。