investor-research

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Investor Research

投资者研究

When to Use

使用场景

  • The founder is preparing to fundraise and needs a target investor list.
  • The founder has a list of investors and wants to qualify or prioritize them.
  • The founder asks which VCs or angels are a good fit for their stage, sector, or geography.
  • The founder wants to understand a specific fund's thesis, portfolio, or decision-making process.
  • 创始人正在筹备融资,需要一份目标投资者名单。
  • 创始人已有投资者名单,希望对其进行资格评估或优先级排序。
  • 创始人询问哪些 VC 或 Angel 适合其当前阶段、行业或地域。
  • 创始人希望了解特定基金的投资逻辑、投资组合或决策流程。

Context Required

所需上下文

From
startup-context
: stage, sector/category, location, current round target (amount), business model, and any existing investor relationships or warm connections.
From the user: geographic preferences (if any), whether they want VC-only, angel-only, or both, any investors already in conversation, and any firms they want to explicitly avoid (e.g., portfolio conflicts they know about).
来自
startup-context
:阶段、行业/类别、所在地、本轮融资目标(金额)、商业模式,以及任何已有的投资者关系或暖连接。
来自用户:地域偏好(如有)、希望仅选择 VC、仅选择 Angel 还是两者兼顾、已经在沟通中的投资者,以及希望明确避开的机构(例如,已知的投资组合冲突)。

Workflow

工作流程

  1. Read startup context — Pull stage, sector, geography, round size, and existing investors from
    .agents/startup-context.md
    .
  2. Define investor criteria — Based on context, establish the filtering parameters: stage match, sector focus, typical check size range, geographic relevance, and portfolio conflict exclusions.
  3. Build the raw list — Research investors matching the criteria. For each investor, capture: firm name, partner name, fund stage focus, sector focus, typical check size, recent fund size/vintage, portfolio companies, geographic preference, and a source URL.
  4. Check for conflicts — Flag any firm that has a portfolio company directly competing with the founder's startup. These go on a "conflicts" list, not the target list.
  5. Score and tier — Assign each investor to Tier 1 (strong fit, prioritize), Tier 2 (good fit, pursue), or Tier 3 (acceptable fit, use as backfill) using the scoring framework below.
  6. Identify warm paths — For each Tier 1 investor, suggest how the founder might get a warm intro: mutual connections, portfolio founder intros, accelerator networks, or conference overlap.
  7. Deliver the target list — Output a structured, sortable list with tiers and recommended outreach order.
  1. 阅读创业公司背景 — 从
    .agents/startup-context.md
    提取阶段、行业、地域、轮次规模和现有投资者。
  2. 定义投资者标准 — 根据上下文确定筛选参数:阶段匹配度、行业重点、典型单笔投资额范围、地域相关性,以及投资组合冲突排除项。
  3. 建立原始名单 — 调研符合标准的投资者。对每位投资者记录:机构名称、合伙人姓名、基金投资阶段重点、行业重点、典型单笔投资额、近期基金规模/募集年份、投资组合公司、地域偏好和来源 URL。
  4. 排查利益冲突 — 标记所有拥有与创始人创业公司直接竞争之投资组合公司的机构。这些机构应列入“冲突”名单,而不是目标名单。
  5. 评分与分层 — 使用下方的评分框架,将每位投资者归入 Tier 1(高度匹配,优先联系)、Tier 2(匹配度良好,值得争取)或 Tier 3(匹配度可接受,作为后备)。
  6. 识别暖引荐路径 — 为每位 Tier 1 投资者建议创始人可采用的暖引荐方式:共同联系人、投资组合公司创始人引荐、加速器网络或会议交集。
  7. 交付目标名单 — 输出结构化、可排序的名单,其中包含梯队划分和建议的联系顺序。

Output Format

输出格式

A markdown table with the following columns, grouped by tier:
undefined
一份按梯队分组、可排序的 Markdown 表格,列如下:
undefined

Tier 1 — High Priority

Tier 1 — High Priority

FirmPartnerStage FocusSector FitCheck SizeRecent FundConflict?Warm PathNotes

Followed by a "Conflicts" section listing excluded firms and why.

Followed by a "Research Gaps" section listing anything that could not be verified and needs the founder's input.
FirmPartnerStage FocusSector FitCheck SizeRecent FundConflict?Warm PathNotes

随后是“冲突”部分,列出被排除的机构及其原因。

随后是“调研缺口”部分,列出无法核实且需要创始人补充的信息。

Frameworks & Best Practices

框架与最佳实践

Investor Qualification Criteria (The 7-Point Filter)

投资者资格评估标准(7 点筛选法)

  1. Stage fit — Does the firm invest at the founder's current stage? A Series B fund will not lead a seed round. This is the first filter and it is binary: pass or fail.
  2. Sector focus — Does the firm have a stated thesis or track record in the founder's sector? Look at their last 10 investments, not just their website copy.
  3. Check size match — Does the firm's typical check size align with what the founder needs? A $2B fund rarely writes $500K checks. A $50M fund rarely leads $20M rounds.
  4. Portfolio conflicts — Does the firm already have a company in the same space? This is the most common reason pitches are dead-on-arrival. Check every portfolio company, including quiet ones.
  5. Fund vintage — Is the firm actively deploying from a recent fund? A fund raised 4+ years ago is likely in harvest mode and not writing new checks. Prefer firms that closed a fund within the last 18 months.
  6. Geographic relevance — Some firms only invest locally. Others require board seats that demand proximity. Remote-friendly firms have expanded, but geography still matters for many funds.
  7. Partner-level interest — Is there a specific partner whose background, interests, or public writing aligns with the startup? Pitching the right partner at the right firm matters as much as pitching the right firm.
  1. 阶段匹配 — 该机构是否会在创始人当前所处阶段投资?B 轮基金不会领投种子轮。这是第一道筛选标准,结果只有通过或不通过。
  2. 行业重点 — 该机构是否公开表明了对创始人所在行业的投资逻辑,或在该行业拥有投资记录?应查看其最近 10 笔投资,而不只是官网介绍。
  3. 单笔投资额匹配 — 该机构的典型单笔投资额是否符合创始人的资金需求?一家 $2B 基金很少进行 $500K 的投资,一家 $50M 基金也很少领投 $20M 的轮次。
  4. 投资组合冲突 — 该机构是否已经拥有同一细分领域的公司?这是推介尚未开始便基本被拒的最常见原因。应检查每一家投资组合公司,包括那些低调或较少被报道的公司。
  5. 基金募集年份 — 该机构是否正在使用近期募集的基金进行投资?4 年多前募集的基金很可能已进入收割阶段,不再进行新投资。应优先选择在最近 18 个月内完成基金募集的机构。
  6. 地域相关性 — 有些机构只在本地投资。另一些机构要求董事席位,因此需要地理上的接近性。偏好远程合作的基金虽有所增多,但地域对许多基金仍然很重要。
  7. 合伙人层面的兴趣 — 是否有某位合伙人的背景、关注方向或公开文章与该创业公司高度契合?向正确机构中的正确合伙人推介,与向正确机构推介同样重要。

Tiering Framework

梯队划分框架

  • Tier 1: Matches on 6-7 of the criteria above. The firm has invested in adjacent companies, the partner has spoken publicly about the space, and a warm intro path exists. Pursue first.
  • Tier 2: Matches on 4-5 criteria. Good fit on stage and sector but may lack a warm path or have a slightly mismatched check size. Pursue in the second wave.
  • Tier 3: Matches on 3 criteria. Acceptable as backfill if the round needs more participants. Do not spend significant time here until Tier 1 and 2 are exhausted.
  • Tier 1:匹配上述标准中的 6–7 项。该机构投资过相邻领域的公司,合伙人曾公开谈论该领域,并且存在暖引荐路径。应优先联系。
  • Tier 2:匹配上述标准中的 4–5 项。阶段和行业匹配度良好,但可能缺少暖引荐路径,或单笔投资额略有偏差。可在第二轮联系中争取。
  • Tier 3:匹配上述标准中的 3 项。如果本轮融资需要更多参与方,可以作为后备。在 Tier 1 和 Tier 2 全部联系完毕之前,不应在这一梯队投入大量时间。

Sourcing Investor Information

投资者信息来源

  • Crunchbase / PitchBook: Fund size, recent investments, portfolio companies.
  • Firm website: Stated thesis, partner bios, blog posts that reveal focus areas.
  • Twitter/X and Substack: Many partners publish their current interests publicly. Recent posts are a better signal than old "About" pages.
  • SEC filings: Fund size from Form D filings when not publicly disclosed.
  • Portfolio founder back-channels: The single best diligence on an investor is talking to founders they have backed — both successes and companies that struggled.
  • Crunchbase / PitchBook:基金规模、近期投资和投资组合公司。
  • 机构官网:公开的投资逻辑、合伙人简介,以及能够反映关注领域的博客文章。
  • Twitter/X 和 Substack:许多合伙人会在公开平台上分享当前关注的领域。近期发帖比旧的“关于我们”页面更能反映其当前意向。
  • SEC filings:在基金规模未公开披露时,可通过 Form D 申报文件获取。
  • 通过投资组合公司创始人侧面了解:与机构投资过的创始人交流,是对投资者进行尽调的最佳方式——既应了解成功案例,也应了解经营困难的公司。

Common Mistakes to Avoid

应避免的常见错误

  • Spraying 200 cold emails — Fundraising is a funnel. 30 well-targeted, well-introduced conversations beat 200 cold ones.
  • Ignoring portfolio conflicts — Founders waste weeks pitching firms that will never invest because of a conflict.
  • Pitching the wrong partner — At multi-partner firms, the wrong partner will say "interesting, let me introduce you to my colleague" at best, or just pass.
  • Targeting only brand-name firms — Tier 2 and emerging funds are often faster to decide, more founder-friendly, and more willing to lead at earlier stages.
  • Not tracking your pipeline — Use a simple spreadsheet or CRM: investor name, status (researching / intro requested / meeting scheduled / pitched / passed / term sheet), and next action.
  • 群发 200 封冷邮件 — 融资是一个漏斗流程。30 次目标精准且有引荐的交流,胜过 200 次冷启动接触。
  • 忽视投资组合冲突 — 创始人可能浪费数周时间,向那些因利益冲突而永远不会投资的机构推介。
  • 找错合伙人 — 在拥有多位合伙人的机构,找错合伙人最好的结果只是听到“很有意思,让我把同事介绍给你”,更可能的结果是被直接转交给其他人。
  • 只关注知名品牌机构 — Tier 2 和新锐基金通常决策更快、更友好,并且在更早的阶段更愿意领投。
  • 不跟踪融资管线 — 使用简单的电子表格或 CRM:记录投资者名称、状态(调研中 / 请求引荐 / 已安排会面 / 已推介 / 已拒绝 / 已出 term sheet)和下一步行动。

Angel Investor Considerations

Angel 投资者注意事项

  • Angels decide faster (days, not weeks) but write smaller checks ($25K-$250K typically).
  • Look for angels with operational experience in your sector — they add value beyond capital.
  • Angel syndicates (AngelList, etc.) can aggregate small checks into a meaningful allocation.
  • Be cautious about taking angel money from potential acquirers or competitors without understanding the signaling implications.
  • Angel 投资者的决策速度更快(以天计,而不是以周计),但单笔投资额更小(通常为 $25K–$250K)。
  • 应寻找在你所在行业拥有运营经验的 Angel 投资者——他们能带来资金以外的价值。
  • Angel 联合投资(Angel syndicate,如 AngelList)可以将多笔小额投资汇总为可观的配置金额。
  • 在没有充分考虑信号影响的情况下,应谨慎接受来自潜在收购方或竞争对手的 Angel 投资。

Related Skills

相关 Skills

  • pitch-deck
    — tailor the deck narrative based on what specific investors care about
  • fundraising-email
    — write targeted outreach once the investor list is built
  • pitch-deck
    — 根据特定投资者关注的内容调整推介材料的叙事结构
  • fundraising-email
    — 投资者名单建立后,撰写有针对性的外联邮件

Examples

示例

Example prompt: "We're raising a $2.5M seed round for a developer tools company based in SF. Help me build an investor list."
Good output snippet (one Tier 1 entry):
| Boldstart Ventures | Ed Sim | Pre-seed/Seed | Developer tools, infrastructure | $1-3M | $160M Fund IV (2023) | None | Ed is active on Twitter re: dev tools; check if any portfolio founders overlap with your network | Led seed in [similar company]; blog post on "Why developer experience is the next platform shift" |
Example prompt: "I have a list of 15 VCs I want to pitch. Can you help me prioritize?"
Good output approach: Run each firm through the 7-point filter against the founder's startup context. Re-tier the list. Flag any portfolio conflicts the founder may have missed. Identify the 5 to pitch first and suggest the outreach sequence.
示例提示词:“我们正在为一家位于旧金山的开发者工具公司融资 250 万美元种子轮。请帮我建立一份投资者名单。”
良好输出片段(一条 Tier 1 记录):
| Boldstart Ventures | Ed Sim | Pre-seed/Seed | 开发者工具、基础设施 | $1-3M | $160M Fund IV (2023) | 无 | Ed 正在 Twitter 上积极关注开发者工具;检查其投资组合公司的创始人是否与你的联系人网络有重叠 | 领投了 [类似公司] 的种子轮;发表过博客文章《Why developer experience is the next platform shift》 |
示例提示词:“我有一份包含 15 家 VC 的推介名单。能否帮我确定优先级?”
良好输出方式:根据创始人的创业公司背景,对每家机构逐一应用 7 点筛选法。重新划分梯队,标记创始人可能忽略的投资组合冲突,找出最先联系的 5 家机构,并建议外联顺序。