media-processing

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Media Processing Skill

媒体处理技能

Process video, audio, and images using FFmpeg and ImageMagick command-line tools for conversion, optimization, streaming, and manipulation tasks.

使用FFmpeg和ImageMagick命令行工具处理视频、音频和图像，完成转换、优化、流媒体和处理任务。

When to Use This Skill

何时使用本技能

Use when:

Converting media formats (video, audio, images)
Encoding video with codecs (H.264, H.265, VP9, AV1)
Processing images (resize, crop, effects, watermarks)
Extracting audio from video
Creating streaming manifests (HLS/DASH)
Generating thumbnails and previews
Batch processing media files
Optimizing file sizes and quality
Applying filters and effects
Creating composite images or videos

适用于以下场景：

转换媒体格式（视频、音频、图像）
使用编解码器（H.264、H.265、VP9、AV1）编码视频
处理图像（调整大小、裁剪、特效、水印）
从视频中提取音频
创建流媒体清单（HLS/DASH）
生成缩略图和预览图
批量处理媒体文件
优化文件大小和质量
应用滤镜和特效
创建合成图像或视频

Tool Selection Guide

工具选择指南

FFmpeg: Video/Audio Processing

FFmpeg：视频/音频处理

Use FFmpeg for:

Video encoding, conversion, transcoding
Audio extraction, conversion, mixing
Live streaming (RTMP, HLS, DASH)
Video filters (scale, crop, rotate, overlay)
Hardware-accelerated encoding
Media file inspection (ffprobe)
Frame extraction, concatenation
Codec selection and optimization

FFmpeg适用于：

视频编码、转换、转码
音频提取、转换、混音
直播流（RTMP、HLS、DASH）
视频滤镜（缩放、裁剪、旋转、叠加）
硬件加速编码
媒体文件检查（ffprobe）
帧提取、拼接
编解码器选择与优化

ImageMagick: Image Processing

ImageMagick：图像处理

Use ImageMagick for:

Image format conversion (PNG, JPEG, WebP, GIF)
Resizing, cropping, transformations
Batch image processing (mogrify)
Visual effects (blur, sharpen, sepia)
Text overlays and watermarks
Image composition and montages
Color adjustments, filters
Thumbnail generation

ImageMagick适用于：

图像格式转换（PNG、JPEG、WebP、GIF）
调整大小、裁剪、变换
批量图像处理（mogrify）
视觉特效（模糊、锐化、复古色调）
文字叠加和水印
图像合成与蒙太奇
色彩调整、滤镜
缩略图生成

Decision Matrix

决策矩阵

Task	Tool	Why
Video encoding	FFmpeg	Native video codec support
Audio extraction	FFmpeg	Direct stream manipulation
Image resize	ImageMagick	Optimized for still images
Batch images	ImageMagick	mogrify for in-place edits
Video thumbnails	FFmpeg	Frame extraction built-in
GIF creation	FFmpeg or ImageMagick	FFmpeg for video source, ImageMagick for images
Streaming	FFmpeg	Live streaming protocols
Image effects	ImageMagick	Rich filter library

任务	工具	原因
视频编码	FFmpeg	原生支持视频编解码器
音频提取	FFmpeg	直接操作流
图像调整大小	ImageMagick	针对静态图像优化
批量图像处理	ImageMagick	使用mogrify进行原地编辑
视频缩略图	FFmpeg	内置帧提取功能
GIF创建	FFmpeg或ImageMagick	FFmpeg适用于视频源，ImageMagick适用于图像
流媒体	FFmpeg	支持直播协议
图像特效	ImageMagick	丰富的滤镜库

Installation

安装

macOS

bash

brew install ffmpeg imagemagick

bash

brew install ffmpeg imagemagick

Ubuntu/Debian

bash

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg imagemagick

bash

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg imagemagick

Windows

bash

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Using winget

使用winget

winget install ffmpeg winget install ImageMagick.ImageMagick

Or download binaries

或下载二进制文件

FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/download.html

ImageMagick: https://imagemagick.org/script/download.php

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Verify Installation

验证安装

bash

ffmpeg -version
ffprobe -version
magick -version

bash

ffmpeg -version
ffprobe -version
magick -version

or

或

convert -version

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convert -version

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Quick Start Examples

快速入门示例

Video Conversion

视频转换

bash

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bash

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Convert format (copy streams, fast)

转换格式（复制流，快速）

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c copy output.mp4

Re-encode with H.264

使用H.264重新编码

ffmpeg -i input.avi -c:v libx264 -crf 22 -c:a aac output.mp4

Resize video to 720p

将视频调整为720p

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=-1:720 -c:a copy output.mp4

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ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=-1:720 -c:a copy output.mp4

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Audio Extraction

音频提取

bash

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bash

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Extract audio (no re-encoding)

提取音频（不重新编码）

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -c:a copy audio.m4a

Convert to MP3

转换为MP3

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -q:a 0 audio.mp3

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ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -q:a 0 audio.mp3

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Image Processing

图像处理

bash

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bash

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Convert format

转换格式

magick input.png output.jpg

Resize maintaining aspect ratio

按比例调整大小

magick input.jpg -resize 800x600 output.jpg

Create square thumbnail

创建方形缩略图

magick input.jpg -resize 200x200^ -gravity center -extent 200x200 thumb.jpg

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magick input.jpg -resize 200x200^ -gravity center -extent 200x200 thumb.jpg

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Batch Image Resize

批量图像调整大小

bash

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bash

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Resize all JPEGs to 800px width

将所有JPEG调整为800px宽度

mogrify -resize 800x -quality 85 *.jpg

Output to separate directory

输出到单独目录

mogrify -path ./output -resize 800x600 *.jpg

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mogrify -path ./output -resize 800x600 *.jpg

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Video Thumbnail

视频缩略图

bash

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bash

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Extract frame at 5 seconds

提取第5秒的帧

ffmpeg -ss 00:00:05 -i video.mp4 -vframes 1 -vf scale=320:-1 thumb.jpg

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ffmpeg -ss 00:00:05 -i video.mp4 -vframes 1 -vf scale=320:-1 thumb.jpg

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HLS Streaming

HLS流媒体

bash

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bash

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Generate HLS playlist

生成HLS播放列表

ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 22 -g 48
-c:a aac -b:a 128k
-f hls -hls_time 6 -hls_playlist_type vod
playlist.m3u8

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ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-c:v libx264 -preset fast -crf 22 -g 48
-c:a aac -b:a 128k
-f hls -hls_time 6 -hls_playlist_type vod
playlist.m3u8

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Image Watermark

图像水印

bash

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bash

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Add watermark to corner

在角落添加水印

magick input.jpg watermark.png -gravity southeast
-geometry +10+10 -composite output.jpg

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magick input.jpg watermark.png -gravity southeast
-geometry +10+10 -composite output.jpg

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Common Workflows

常见工作流

Optimize Video for Web

优化视频用于网页

bash

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bash

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H.264 with good compression

具有良好压缩效果的H.264编码

ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 23
-c:a aac -b:a 128k
-movflags +faststart
output.mp4

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ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 23
-c:a aac -b:a 128k
-movflags +faststart
output.mp4

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Create Responsive Images

创建响应式图像

bash

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bash

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Generate multiple sizes

生成多种尺寸

for size in 320 640 1024 1920; do magick input.jpg -resize ${size}x -quality 85 "output-${size}w.jpg" done

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for size in 320 640 1024 1920; do magick input.jpg -resize ${size}x -quality 85 "output-${size}w.jpg" done

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Extract Video Segment

提取视频片段

bash

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bash

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From 1:30 to 3:00 (re-encode for precision)

从1:30到3:00（重新编码以保证精度）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -to 00:03:00
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4

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ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -to 00:03:00
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4

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Batch Image Optimization

批量图像优化

bash

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bash

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Convert PNG to optimized JPEG

将PNG转换为优化后的JPEG

mogrify -path ./optimized -format jpg -quality 85 -strip *.png

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mogrify -path ./optimized -format jpg -quality 85 -strip *.png

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Video GIF Creation

视频转GIF

bash

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bash

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High quality GIF with palette

使用调色板生成高质量GIF

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=15,scale=640:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" output.gif

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ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fps=15,scale=640:-1:flags=lanczos,split[s0][s1];[s0]palettegen[p];[s1][p]paletteuse" output.gif

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Image Blur Effect

图像模糊效果

bash

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bash

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Gaussian blur

高斯模糊

magick input.jpg -gaussian-blur 0x8 output.jpg

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magick input.jpg -gaussian-blur 0x8 output.jpg

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Advanced Techniques

高级技巧

Multi-Pass Video Encoding

多遍视频编码

bash

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bash

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Pass 1 (analysis)

第一遍（分析）

ffmpeg -y -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -b:v 2600k -pass 1 -an -f null /dev/null

Pass 2 (encoding)

�第二遍（编码）

ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -b:v 2600k -pass 2 -c:a aac output.mp4

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ffmpeg -i input.mkv -c:v libx264 -b:v 2600k -pass 2 -c:a aac output.mp4

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Hardware-Accelerated Encoding

硬件加速编码

bash

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bash

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NVIDIA NVENC

ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast -crf 22 output.mp4

Intel QuickSync

ffmpeg -hwaccel qsv -c:v h264_qsv -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_qsv output.mp4

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ffmpeg -hwaccel qsv -c:v h264_qsv -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_qsv output.mp4

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Complex Image Pipeline

复杂图像处理流程

bash

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bash

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Resize, crop, border, adjust

调整大小、裁剪、添加边框、调整参数

magick input.jpg
-resize 1000x1000^
-gravity center
-crop 1000x1000+0+0 +repage
-bordercolor black -border 5x5
-brightness-contrast 5x10
-quality 90
output.jpg

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magick input.jpg
-resize 1000x1000^
-gravity center
-crop 1000x1000+0+0 +repage
-bordercolor black -border 5x5
-brightness-contrast 5x10
-quality 90
output.jpg

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Video Filter Chains

视频滤镜链

bash

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bash

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Scale, denoise, watermark

缩放、降噪、添加水印

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i logo.png
-filter_complex "[0:v]scale=1280:720,hqdn3d[v];[v][1:v]overlay=10:10"
-c:a copy output.mp4

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ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i logo.png
-filter_complex "[0:v]scale=1280:720,hqdn3d[v];[v][1:v]overlay=10:10"
-c:a copy output.mp4

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Animated GIF from Images

从图像创建动画GIF

bash

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bash

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Create with delay

创建带延迟的GIF

magick -delay 100 -loop 0 frame*.png animated.gif

Optimize size

优化大小

magick animated.gif -fuzz 5% -layers Optimize optimized.gif

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magick animated.gif -fuzz 5% -layers Optimize optimized.gif

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Media Analysis

媒体分析

Inspect Video Properties

检查视频属性

bash

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bash

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Detailed JSON output

详细JSON输出

ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams input.mp4

Get resolution

获取分辨率

ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0
-show_entries stream=width,height
-of csv=s=x:p=0 input.mp4

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ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0
-show_entries stream=width,height
-of csv=s=x:p=0 input.mp4

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Image Information

图像信息

bash

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bash

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Basic info

基本信息

identify image.jpg

Detailed format

详细格式

identify -verbose image.jpg

Custom format

自定义格式

identify -format "%f: %wx%h %b\n" image.jpg

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identify -format "%f: %wx%h %b\n" image.jpg

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Performance Tips

性能提示

Use CRF for quality control - Better than bitrate for video
Copy streams when possible - Avoid re-encoding with
```
-c copy
```
Hardware acceleration - GPU encoding 5-10x faster
Appropriate presets - Balance speed vs compression
Batch with mogrify - In-place image processing
Strip metadata - Reduce file size with
```
-strip
```
Progressive JPEG - Better web loading with
```
-interlace Plane
```
Limit memory - Prevent crashes on large batches
Test on samples - Verify settings before batch
Parallel processing - Use GNU Parallel for multiple files

使用CRF进行质量控制 - 比比特率更适合视频
尽可能复制流 - 使用
```
-c copy
```
避免重新编码
硬件加速 - GPU编码速度快5-10倍
选择合适的预设 - 平衡速度与压缩比
使用mogrify批量处理 - 原地图像处理
移除元数据 - 使用
```
-strip
```
减小文件大小
渐进式JPEG - 使用
```
-interlace Plane
```
提升网页加载速度
限制内存 - 避免大批次处理时崩溃
在样本上测试 - 批量处理前验证设置
并行处理 - 使用GNU Parallel处理多个文件

Reference Documentation

参考文档

Detailed guides in

references/

ffmpeg-encoding.md - Video/audio codecs, quality optimization, hardware acceleration
ffmpeg-streaming.md - HLS/DASH, live streaming, adaptive bitrate
ffmpeg-filters.md - Video/audio filters, complex filtergraphs
imagemagick-editing.md - Format conversion, effects, transformations
imagemagick-batch.md - Batch processing, mogrify, parallel operations
format-compatibility.md - Format support, codec recommendations

详细指南位于

references/

ffmpeg-encoding.md - 视频/音频编解码器、质量优化、硬件加速
ffmpeg-streaming.md - HLS/DASH、直播流、自适应比特率
ffmpeg-filters.md - 视频/音频滤镜、复杂滤镜图
imagemagick-editing.md - 格式转换、特效、变换
imagemagick-batch.md - 批量处理、mogrify、并行操作
format-compatibility.md - 格式支持、编解码器推荐

Common Parameters

常见参数

FFmpeg Video

FFmpeg视频

```
-c:v
```
- Video codec (libx264, libx265, libvpx-vp9)
```
-crf
```
- Quality (0-51, lower=better, 23=default)
```
-preset
```
- Speed/compression (ultrafast to veryslow)
```
-b:v
```
- Video bitrate (e.g., 2M, 2500k)
```
-vf
```
- Video filters

```
-c:v
```
- 视频编解码器（libx264、libx265、libvpx-vp9）
```
-crf
```
- 质量（0-51，值越小质量越好，23为默认值）
```
-preset
```
- 速度/压缩比（ultrafast到veryslow）
```
-b:v
```
- 视频比特率（例如2M、2500k）
```
-vf
```
- 视频滤镜

FFmpeg Audio

FFmpeg音频

```
-c:a
```
- Audio codec (aac, mp3, opus)
```
-b:a
```
- Audio bitrate (e.g., 128k, 192k)
```
-ar
```
- Sample rate (44100, 48000)

```
-c:a
```
- 音频编解码器（aac、mp3、opus）
```
-b:a
```
- 音频比特率（例如128k、192k）
```
-ar
```
- 采样率（44100、48000）

ImageMagick Geometry

ImageMagick几何参数

```
800x600
```
- Fit within (maintains aspect)
```
800x600!
```
- Force exact size
```
800x600^
```
- Fill (may crop)
```
800x
```
- Width only
```
x600
```
- Height only
```
50%
```
- Scale percentage

```
800x600
```
- 按比例适配（保持宽高比）
```
800x600!
```
- 强制精确尺寸
```
800x600^
```
- 填充（可能裁剪）
```
800x
```
- 仅指定宽度
```
x600
```
- 仅指定高度
```
50%
```
- 按比例缩放

Troubleshooting

故障排除

FFmpeg "Unknown encoder"

bash

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FFmpeg提示“Unknown encoder”

bash

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Check available encoders

检查可用编码器

ffmpeg -encoders | grep h264

Install codec libraries

安装编解码器库

sudo apt-get install libx264-dev libx265-dev


**ImageMagick "not authorized"**
```bash

sudo apt-get install libx264-dev libx265-dev


**ImageMagick提示“not authorized”**
```bash

Edit policy file

编辑策略文件

sudo nano /etc/ImageMagick-7/policy.xml

Change <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />

将 <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />

to <policy domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF" />

修改为 <policy domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF" />


**Memory errors**
```bash


**内存错误**
```bash

Limit memory usage

限制内存使用

ffmpeg -threads 4 input.mp4 output.mp4 magick -limit memory 2GB -limit map 4GB input.jpg output.jpg

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ffmpeg -threads 4 input.mp4 output.mp4 magick -limit memory 2GB -limit map 4GB input.jpg output.jpg

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Resources

资源

FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html
FFmpeg Wiki: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/
ImageMagick: https://imagemagick.org/
ImageMagick Usage: https://imagemagick.org/Usage/

FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/documentation.html
FFmpeg Wiki: https://trac.ffmpeg.org/
ImageMagick: https://imagemagick.org/
ImageMagick Usage: https://imagemagick.org/Usage/