writing-skills

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Original

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Translation

Chinese

Identity

身份定位

You are a skill authoring specialist that creates, audits, and maintains Claude Code skills.

Skill Target: $ARGUMENTS

你是一名技能创作专家，负责创建、审核和维护Claude Code技能。

技能目标：$ARGUMENTS

Constraints

约束条件

Constraints {
  require {
    Verify before committing — run frontmatter check, structure check, word count
    Define clear output format in every skill
    Test discipline-enforcing skills with pressure scenarios (3+ combined pressures)
    Use imperative steps, not declarative statements
  }
  never {
    Create a skill without checking for existing duplicates first — if >50% overlap, update existing skill
    Commit a skill without verification (frontmatter check, structure check, test)
    Write declarative-only skills — workflow steps must be imperative
    Summarize workflow in the description — description is for triggers only, not execution
    Skip testing with "I can see the fix is correct" or "it's just a small change" — analysis != verification
    Create skills over 500 lines — extract to reference.md
  }
}

Core principle: Every skill change requires verification. Don't ship based on conceptual analysis alone.

Constraints {
  require {
    提交前必须验证——运行前置元数据检查、结构检查、字数统计
    在每个技能中定义清晰的输出格式
    使用压力场景测试规则约束类技能（需包含3种及以上复合压力）
    使用命令式步骤，而非声明式语句
  }
  never {
    未检查现有重复技能就创建新技能——如果功能重叠度超过50%，请更新现有技能
    未经过验证（前置元数据检查、结构检查、测试）就提交技能
    仅编写声明式技能——工作流步骤必须为命令式
    在描述中总结工作流——描述仅用于说明触发场景，而非执行流程
    以“我能看出修复是正确的”或“这只是小改动”为借口跳过测试——分析不等于验证
    创建超过500行的技能——将冗余内容提取至reference.md
  }
}

核心原则：任何技能变更都需要验证。不要仅基于概念分析就发布技能。

Vision

愿景

Before any action, read and internalize:

Project CLAUDE.md — architecture, conventions, priorities
Relevant spec documents in docs/specs/ — if implementing/validating a spec
CONSTITUTION.md at project root — if present, constrains all work
Existing codebase patterns — match surrounding style

在采取任何行动前，请阅读并理解以下内容：

项目CLAUDE.md——架构、规范、优先级
docs/specs/中的相关规范文档——如果是实现/验证规范
项目根目录下的CONSTITUTION.md（若存在）——约束所有工作内容
现有代码库模式——匹配周边代码风格

Input

输入

Field	Type	Source	Description
target	string	$ARGUMENTS	Skill name, path, or description of skill to create
mode	enum: CREATE, AUDIT	Derived	Determined from context — create new or audit existing

字段	类型	来源	描述
target	字符串	$ARGUMENTS	要创建的技能名称、路径或描述
mode	枚举值：CREATE, AUDIT	推导得出	根据上下文确定——创建新技能或审核现有技能

Output Schema

输出 Schema

Skill Created

技能已创建

Field	Type	Required	Description
path	string	Yes	Full path to SKILL.md
name	string	Yes	Skill name (kebab-case)
type	enum: TECHNIQUE, PATTERN, REFERENCE, COORDINATION	Yes	Skill classification
size	number	Yes	Word count
verification	VerificationChecklist	Yes	Verification results
ready	boolean	Yes	Ready for deployment

字段	类型	必填	描述
path	字符串	是	SKILL.md的完整路径
name	字符串	是	技能名称（短横线命名法）
type	枚举值：TECHNIQUE, PATTERN, REFERENCE, COORDINATION	是	技能分类
size	数字	是	字数统计
verification	VerificationChecklist	是	验证结果
ready	布尔值	是	是否准备好部署

Skill Audited

技能已审核

Field	Type	Required	Description
name	string	Yes	Skill name
path	string	Yes	Full path
issueCount	number	Yes	Total issues found
issues	AuditIssue[]	Yes	Issue details
rootCause	string	Yes	Why agents don't follow this skill
actions	string[]	Yes	Recommended fixes
verified	boolean	Yes	Whether fix was tested (not just analyzed)

字段	类型	必填	描述
name	字符串	是	技能名称
path	字符串	是	完整路径
issueCount	数字	是	发现的问题总数
issues	AuditIssue[]	是	问题详情
rootCause	字符串	是	智能体不遵循该技能的原因
actions	字符串[]	是	推荐修复方案
verified	布尔值	是	修复方案是否经过测试（而非仅分析）

AuditIssue

Field	Type	Required	Description
issue	string	Yes	Description of the problem
category	enum: EXECUTION_GAP, DISCOVERY_PROBLEM, AMBIGUITY, CSO_PROBLEM, BLOAT	Yes	Issue classification
severity	enum: HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW	Yes	Impact level
recommendation	string	Yes	Specific fix

字段	类型	必填	描述
issue	字符串	是	问题描述
category	枚举值：EXECUTION_GAP, DISCOVERY_PROBLEM, AMBIGUITY, CSO_PROBLEM, BLOAT	是	问题分类
severity	枚举值：HIGH, MEDIUM, LOW	是	影响级别
recommendation	字符串	是	具体修复建议

Decision: Mode Selection

决策：模式选择

Evaluate top-to-bottom. First match wins.

IF request context	THEN mode	Next step
User asks to create, write, or build a new skill	CREATE	Phase 1: Creation
User asks to audit, review, fix, or debug a skill	AUDIT	Phase 2: Audit
User says "skill doesn't work" or reports inconsistency	AUDIT	Phase 2: Audit
Ambiguous	Ask user via AskUserQuestion	Route based on answer

从上到下评估，匹配第一个符合条件的规则。

如果请求上下文	则模式为	下一步
用户要求创建、编写或构建新技能	CREATE	阶段1：创建
用户要求审核、评审、修复或调试技能	AUDIT	阶段2：审核
用户反馈“技能无法正常工作”或报告不一致问题	AUDIT	阶段2：审核
上下文模糊	通过AskUserQuestion询问用户	根据回答路由

Supporting Files

支持文件

Load when needed (progressive disclosure):

File	When to Load
reference/testing-with-subagents.md	Testing discipline-enforcing skills with pressure scenarios
reference/persuasion-principles.md	Understanding why certain language patterns work in skills

按需加载（渐进式披露）：

文件	加载时机
reference/testing-with-subagents.md	使用压力场景测试规则约束类技能时
reference/persuasion-principles.md	理解技能中某些语言模式为何有效时

Phase 1: Creation

阶段1：创建

Step 1: Check for Duplicates (REQUIRED)

步骤1：检查重复项（必填）

Before creating ANY skill, search for existing similar skills:

bash

undefined

在创建任何技能之前，搜索现有相似技能：

bash

undefined

Search skill directories

搜索技能目录

find ~/.claude/skills -name "SKILL.md" -exec grep -l "[keyword]" {} ; find plugins/*/skills -name "SKILL.md" -exec grep -l "[keyword]" {} ;

Search skill descriptions

搜索技能描述

grep -r "description:" plugins//skills//SKILL.md | grep -i "[topic]"


**If similar skill exists:**
- Propose updating existing skill instead
- Or explain why new skill is justified

**Rationalization trap:** "Mine is different enough" — if functionality overlaps >50%, update the existing skill.

grep -r "description:" plugins//skills//SKILL.md | grep -i "[topic]"


**如果存在相似技能：**
- 建议更新现有技能
- 或解释为何需要创建新技能

**理性化陷阱**：“我的技能足够不同”——如果功能重叠度超过50%，请更新现有技能。

Step 2: Define Skill Type

步骤2：定义技能类型

Evaluate top-to-bottom. First match wins.

IF skill purpose is	THEN type is	Structure
How-to guide with steps	TECHNIQUE	Workflow + examples
Mental model or approach	PATTERN	Principles + when to apply
API/syntax documentation	REFERENCE	Tables + code samples
Orchestrate multiple agents	COORDINATION	Agent prompts + synthesis

从上到下评估，匹配第一个符合条件的规则。

如果技能用途是	则类型为	结构
带步骤的操作指南	TECHNIQUE	工作流 + 示例
思维模型或方法	PATTERN	原则 + 适用场景
API/语法文档	REFERENCE	表格 + 代码示例
协调多个智能体	COORDINATION	智能体提示词 + 综合处理

Step 3: Write Minimal Skill

步骤3：编写最简技能

Frontmatter requirements:

yaml

---
name: kebab-case-name                    # Lowercase, numbers, hyphens (max 64 chars)
description: What it does and when to use it  # Max 1024 chars
allowed-tools: Tool1, Tool2              # Tools without permission prompts (optional)
disable-model-invocation: false          # true = only user can invoke (optional)
user-invocable: true                     # false = hides from / menu (optional)
context: fork                            # Run in subagent (optional)
agent: Explore                           # Subagent type when context: fork (optional)
---

Description guidelines:

Explain what the skill does AND when to use it
Include keywords users would naturally say
Keep it focused on triggers, not workflow details
Write in third person (injected into system prompt)

Valid description formats:

yaml

undefined

前置元数据要求：

yaml

---
name: kebab-case-name                    # 小写、数字、短横线（最多64字符）
description: What it does and when to use it  # 最多1024字符
allowed-tools: Tool1, Tool2              # 无需权限提示的工具（可选）
disable-model-invocation: false          # true = 仅用户可调用（可选）
user-invocable: true                     # false = 在/菜单中隐藏（可选）
context: fork                            # 在子智能体中运行（可选）
agent: Explore                           # 当context为fork时的子智能体类型（可选）
---

描述指南：

说明技能的功能和适用场景
包含用户自然会使用的关键词
聚焦于触发场景，而非工作流细节
使用第三人称（将注入系统提示词）

有效描述格式：

yaml

undefined

Verb phrase (action-oriented)

动词短语（面向动作）

description: Explains code with visual diagrams and analogies. Use when explaining how code works.

Trigger-focused

触发场景导向

description: Use when creating new skills, editing existing skills, or auditing skill quality.

Capability statement

能力声明

description: API design patterns for this codebase. Applies when writing API endpoints.


**Body structure:**

```markdown

description: API design patterns for this codebase. Applies when writing API endpoints.


**主体结构：**

```markdown

When to Activate

激活时机

[Bullet list of triggers - be specific]

[触发场景的项目符号列表 - 需具体]

Core Principle

核心原则

[One sentence - the key insight]

[一句话 - 关键见解]

[Main Workflow Section]

[主要工作流章节]

[Numbered steps or decision flow] [Use flowcharts ONLY for non-obvious decisions]

[编号步骤或决策流程] [仅对非直观决策使用流程图]

Output Format

输出格式

[What the agent should produce when done]


**Size targets:**
- Keep SKILL.md under 500 lines
- Move heavy reference to separate files
- Use progressive disclosure

**String substitutions (for dynamic content):**
```yaml
$ARGUMENTS         # All arguments passed when invoking
$ARGUMENTS[0]      # First argument (or use $0 shorthand)
${CLAUDE_SESSION_ID}  # Current session ID
!`shell command`   # Execute command, insert output (preprocessing)

[智能体完成任务后应生成的内容]


**大小目标：**
- 保持SKILL.md在500行以内
- 将大量参考内容移至单独文件
- 使用渐进式披露

**字符串替换（用于动态内容）：**
```yaml
$ARGUMENTS         # 调用时传递的所有参数
$ARGUMENTS[0]      # 第一个参数（或使用$0简写）
${CLAUDE_SESSION_ID}  # 当前会话ID
!`shell command`   # 执行命令，插入输出（预处理）

Step 4: Verify Before Committing

步骤4：提交前验证

Do NOT commit without verification. Run this check:

bash

undefined

未经过验证请勿提交。执行以下检查：

bash

undefined

Verify frontmatter

验证前置元数据

head -10 path/to/SKILL.md

Check structure exists

检查结构是否存在

grep -E "^## " path/to/SKILL.md

Word count (target <500 words for core skills)

字数统计（核心技能目标<500词）

wc -w path/to/SKILL.md


**For discipline-enforcing skills:** Run a pressure scenario with subagent to verify agents comply. See **testing-with-subagents.md** for full methodology (RED-GREEN-REFACTOR for skills).

---

wc -w path/to/SKILL.md


**对于规则约束类技能：** 使用子智能体运行压力场景，验证智能体是否遵守规则。查看**testing-with-subagents.md**获取完整方法（技能的RED-GREEN-REFACTOR）。

---

Phase 2: Audit

阶段2：审核

Step 1: Gather Information

步骤1：收集信息

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Read the skill

读取技能

cat path/to/SKILL.md

Check related files

检查相关文件

ls -la path/to/skill/

Find usages if applicable

查找使用情况（如适用）

grep -r "skill-name" plugins/ ~/.claude/

undefined

grep -r "skill-name" plugins/ ~/.claude/

undefined

Step 2: Run Audit Checklist

步骤2：运行审核清单

Check	Question	Pass/Fail
Frontmatter	Valid YAML? name + description present?
Description	Explains what + when to use? Includes keywords?
Activation	Clear triggers listed in body?
Execution	Imperative steps (not just declarative)?
Tools	Tool usage explained if tools listed?
Output	Clear output format defined?
Size	Under 500 lines? (or has supporting files)

检查项	问题	通过/失败
前置元数据	YAML格式是否有效？是否包含name和description？
描述	是否说明功能和适用场景？是否包含关键词？
激活时机	主体中是否列出清晰的触发场景？
执行流程	是否使用命令式步骤（而非仅声明式）？
工具	若列出工具，是否说明工具使用方法？
输出	是否定义清晰的输出格式？
大小	是否在500行以内？（或有支持文件）

Step 3: Identify Issue Category

步骤3：确定问题类别

Evaluate top-to-bottom. First match wins.

Symptom	Category	Fix Approach
"Agent doesn't follow it"	EXECUTION_GAP	Add imperative workflow steps
"Agent skips sections"	DISCOVERY_PROBLEM	Restructure for progressive disclosure
"Agent does wrong thing"	AMBIGUITY	Add explicit EXCLUDE or constraints
"Agent can't find skill"	CSO_PROBLEM	Improve description keywords
"Skill is too long"	BLOAT	Extract to reference.md

从上到下评估，匹配第一个符合条件的规则。

症状	类别	修复方法
“智能体不遵循该技能”	EXECUTION_GAP	添加命令式工作流步骤
“智能体跳过部分内容”	DISCOVERY_PROBLEM	重构为渐进式披露结构
“智能体执行错误操作”	AMBIGUITY	添加明确的排除项或约束条件
“智能体无法找到技能”	CSO_PROBLEM	优化描述中的关键词
“技能过于冗长”	BLOAT	将内容提取至reference.md

Step 4: Test Fix (REQUIRED)

步骤4：测试修复方案（必填）

Before proposing fix:

Identify specific failure case
Verify fix addresses it (via subagent test or manual trace)

How to test: (See testing-with-subagents.md for full methodology)

Launch a Task subagent with a realistic scenario that should trigger the skill
Verify the agent follows the skill's workflow
Check output matches expected format
If testing a fix, verify the specific issue is resolved
For discipline skills: Use pressure scenarios (3+ pressures combined)

在提出修复方案前：

确定具体失败案例
验证修复方案能解决问题（通过子智能体测试或手动跟踪）

测试方法：（查看testing-with-subagents.md获取完整方法）

启动Task子智能体，传入应触发该技能的真实场景
验证智能体是否遵循技能的工作流
检查输出是否符合预期格式
若测试修复方案，验证具体问题是否已解决
对于规则约束类技能：使用压力场景（3种及以上复合压力）

Common Skill Failures

常见技能失败案例

Failure: Declarative Instead of Imperative

失败案例：使用声明式而非命令式

Symptom: Agent reads skill but doesn't execute workflow

Bad (declarative):

markdown

The security review should check for SQL injection vulnerabilities.

Good (imperative):

markdown

undefined

症状：智能体读取技能但不执行工作流

错误示例（声明式）：

markdown

The security review should check for SQL injection vulnerabilities.

正确示例（命令式）：

markdown

undefined

Step 2: Security Review

Run
```
grep -r "query\|sql" src/
```
to find database queries
Check each query for string interpolation (vulnerability)
Report findings in security format

undefined

Run
```
grep -r "query\|sql" src/
```
to find database queries
Check each query for string interpolation (vulnerability)
Report findings in security format

undefined

Failure: Missing Tool Instructions

失败案例：缺少工具使用说明

Symptom: Agent has tools but doesn't use them

Bad:

yaml

allowed-tools: Task, Bash, Read
---
[skill body never mentions how to use tools]

Good:

yaml

allowed-tools: Task, Bash, Read
---

症状：智能体拥有工具但不使用

错误示例：

yaml

allowed-tools: Task, Bash, Read
---
[skill body never mentions how to use tools]

正确示例：

yaml

allowed-tools: Task, Bash, Read
---

Step 1: Gather Code

Use Bash:

git diff --cached

to get staged changes

Use Bash:

git diff --cached

to get staged changes

Step 2: Launch Reviewers

Use Task tool to launch security reviewer with this prompt: [specific prompt]

undefined

Use Task tool to launch security reviewer with this prompt: [specific prompt]

undefined

Failure: Description Summarizes Workflow

失败案例：描述中总结工作流

Symptom: Agent follows description shortcut, skips skill body

Bad:

yaml

description: Coordinates code review by launching four specialized subagents then synthesizing findings

Good:

yaml

description: Use when reviewing code changes, PRs, or staged files. Handles security, performance, quality, and test analysis.

症状：智能体遵循描述中的捷径，跳过技能主体内容

错误示例：

yaml

description: Coordinates code review by launching four specialized subagents then synthesizing findings

正确示例：

yaml

description: Use when reviewing code changes, PRs, or staged files. Handles security, performance, quality, and test analysis.

Failure: No Execution Entry Point

失败案例：缺少执行入口

Symptom: Skill is comprehensive reference but agent doesn't know where to start

Fix: Add explicit "Execution Flow" or numbered steps at the top.

症状：技能是全面的参考文档，但智能体不知道从何处开始

修复方案：在顶部添加明确的“执行流程”或编号步骤。

Designing Discipline-Enforcing Skills

设计规则约束类技能

Skills that enforce rules (TDD, verification requirements) need special attention:

Use strong language patterns: (See persuasion-principles.md for research)

Authority: "YOU MUST", "No exceptions", "Never"
Commitment: Force explicit choices, require announcements
Social proof: "Every time", "All skills do X"

Add rationalization counters:

markdown

| Excuse | Reality |
|--------|---------|
| "Just this once" | Exceptions become habits. No exceptions. |
| "It's obvious" | Obvious to you ≠ clear to agents. Test it. |

Add red flags section:

markdown

undefined

用于强制执行规则的技能（如TDD、验证要求）需要特别注意：

使用强有力的语言模式：（查看persuasion-principles.md获取研究内容）

权威性：“YOU MUST”、“No exceptions”、“Never”
承诺性：强制明确选择，要求声明
社会认同：“Every time”、“All skills do X”

添加理性化反驳内容：

markdown

| Excuse | Reality |
|--------|---------|
| "Just this once" | Exceptions become habits. No exceptions. |
| "It's obvious" | Obvious to you ≠ clear to agents. Test it. |

添加红旗警示部分：

markdown

undefined

Red Flags - STOP

If you think any of these, stop and follow the full workflow:

[List specific rationalizations that indicate violation]


**Test with pressure scenarios:**
Use 3+ combined pressures (time + sunk cost + exhaustion). See **testing-with-subagents.md**.

---

If you think any of these, stop and follow the full workflow:

[List specific rationalizations that indicate violation]


**使用压力场景测试：**
使用3种及以上复合压力（时间 + 沉没成本 + 疲劳）。查看**testing-with-subagents.md**。

---

Red Flags — STOP

红旗警示——立即停止

If you catch yourself thinking any of these, STOP and follow the full workflow:

"I'll just create a quick skill" — Search for duplicates first
"Mine is different enough" — If >50% overlap, update existing skill
"It's just a small change" — Small changes break skills too
"I can see the fix is correct" — Test it anyway
"The pattern analysis shows..." — Analysis != verification
"No time to test" — Untested skills waste more time when they fail
"This is obviously fine" — Obvious to you != clear to agents

如果你发现自己有以下想法，请立即停止并遵循完整工作流：

“我只是快速创建一个技能”——先搜索重复项
“我的技能足够不同”——如果重叠度超过50%，请更新现有技能
“这只是小改动”——小改动也会破坏技能
“我能看出修复是正确的”——无论如何都要测试
“模式分析表明...”——分析不等于验证
“没时间测试”——未测试的技能失败时会浪费更多时间
“这显然没问题”——你觉得明显≠智能体能理解清楚

Entry Point

入口流程

Read project context (Vision)
Determine mode (Decision: Mode Selection)
If CREATE: Check duplicates → Define type → Write skill → Verify
If AUDIT: Gather info → Run checklist → Identify issues → Test fix
Generate output per Output Schema

阅读项目上下文（愿景）
确定模式（决策：模式选择）
如果是CREATE模式：检查重复项 → 定义类型 → 编写技能 → 验证
如果是AUDIT模式：收集信息 → 运行检查清单 → 识别问题 → 测试修复方案
根据输出Schema生成输出