What kind of geometry?
├── Hard-surface (vehicles, weapons, architecture, props)
│   → Cube primitive + Bevel + SubSurf modifier stack
│   → See "Hard-surface stack" recipe
│
├── Organic (characters, creatures, plants — block-out only)
│   → Ico Sphere + sculpting (or Voxel Remesh for shape)
│   → For sculpting strokes, redirect: it's gestural, not text-driven
│
├── Architectural / repeating (fences, columns, tile)
│   → Plane/Cube + Array modifier (+ Curve modifier for paths)
│   → See "Array along curve" recipe
│
├── Cylindrical (pipes, columns, bottles)
│   → Cylinder primitive, or Curve + bevel_object
│   → See "Sweep along path" — covered in wireframe-to-3d if needed
│
├── Holes / cuts in existing geometry
│   → Boolean modifier (DIFFERENCE)
│   → See "Boolean cut" recipe
│
└── Quick block-out from primitives only
    → Multiple primitive_*_add calls
    → See "Block-out scene" recipe

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The cylinder grip's top 1.5cm is *inside* the guard cube — not visible from outside, so the transition you see is just gold-guard surface, no cylinder-meeting-rectangle artifact.

**2. Apply `shade_smooth()` to rounded parts** (cylinders, spheres, organic shapes). Shaded-flat cylinders show every facet boundary; smooth-shaded ones look continuous. Cubes and beveled hard-surface parts can stay shaded flat (or be partially smoothed via Auto Smooth on Blender 4.x; Blender 5.x removed `Mesh.use_auto_smooth` so use modifier-based smoothing or per-face flags).

```python

**Anti-pattern** (visible seams):
```python

**Correct** (hidden seams via overlap):
```python

For a **truly seamless** join (high-quality renders), Boolean Union the same-material parts: e.g. Boolean Union pommel + grip into a single mesh would eliminate the seam entirely. But this only works when both parts use the same material.

import bpy
import bmesh

obj = bpy.data.objects['GEO-blade']
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')

bm = bmesh.from_edit_mesh(obj.data)
bm.verts.ensure_lookup_table()

This produces a true geometric point. Without `remove_doubles`, the four collapsed verts stay as four distinct points at the same coordinate — the tip looks visually pointed but is degenerate topology.

import bpy

Replace `primitive_cube_add` with: `_plane_`, `_uv_sphere_`, `_ico_sphere_`, `_cylinder_`, `_cone_`, `_torus_`, `_monkey_`. Each takes appropriate arguments (`radius`, `depth`, `vertices`, `segments`, `subdivisions`).

import bpy

obj = bpy.data.objects['GEO-base_box']

**Critical**: Bevel before SubSurf. Reverse this and you get pinching artifacts.

import bpy

obj = bpy.data.objects['GEO-base_box']
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')

undefined

import bpy

target = bpy.data.objects['GEO-base_box']
cutter = bpy.data.objects.get('GEO-cutter')

if cutter is None:
    bpy.ops.mesh.primitive_cylinder_add(radius=0.3, depth=3.0, location=(0, 0, 1))
    cutter = bpy.context.active_object
    cutter.name = 'GEO-cutter'

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import bpy

obj = bpy.data.objects['GEO-character_half']
mod = obj.modifiers.new('Mirror', type='MIRROR')
mod.use_axis[0] = True   # mirror across X
mod.use_clip = True       # snap vertices on axis
mod.use_mirror_merge = True
mod.merge_threshold = 0.001
print(f"mirrored:{obj.name}")

import bpy

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import bpy

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import bpy

obj = bpy.data.objects['GEO-target']
bpy.context.view_layer.objects.active = obj

bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='EDIT')
bpy.ops.mesh.select_all(action='SELECT')
bpy.ops.mesh.remove_doubles(threshold=0.0001)
bpy.ops.mesh.normals_make_consistent(inside=False)
bpy.ops.object.mode_set(mode='OBJECT')

bpy.ops.object.shade_smooth()
print(f"cleanup:{obj.name} verts:{len(obj.data.vertices)}")

Mirror → Array → Solidify → Bevel → Subdivision Surface → (Boolean if needed)