design
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ChineseDesign Principles
设计原则
Core philosophy: Every interface should look designed by a team that obsesses over 1-pixel differences. Not stripped, crafted. And designed for its specific context.
核心理念: 每个界面都应呈现出由执着于1像素差别的团队打造的质感。不是简单简化,而是精心雕琢。并且要贴合产品的特定场景。
Design Direction (REQUIRED)
设计方向(必选)
Before writing code, commit to a direction. Don't default. Think about what this specific product needs to feel like.
编写代码前,先确定设计方向。 不要默认选择通用风格,要思考这款特定产品需要传递怎样的感受。
Think About Context
结合场景考量
- What does this product do? A finance tool needs different energy than a creative tool.
- Who uses it? Power users want density. Occasional users want guidance.
- What's the emotional job? Trust? Efficiency? Delight? Focus?
- What would make this memorable? Every product has a chance to feel distinctive.
- 产品定位是什么? 金融工具与创意工具需要传递的氛围截然不同。
- 目标用户是谁? 核心用户需要高密度信息,偶尔使用的用户需要引导性设计。
- 情感诉求是什么? 信任?高效?愉悦?专注?
- 记忆点在哪里? 每个产品都有机会打造独特的辨识度。
Choose a Personality
选择产品风格
| Direction | Feel | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
| Precision & Density | Tight spacing, monochrome, info-forward | Power users who live in the tool. Linear, Raycast, terminal aesthetics. |
| Warmth & Approachability | Generous spacing, soft shadows, friendly | Products that want to feel human. Notion, Coda, collaborative tools. |
| Sophistication & Trust | Cool tones, layered depth, gravitas | Products handling money or sensitive data. Stripe, Mercury. |
| Boldness & Clarity | High contrast, dramatic negative space | Modern, decisive products. Vercel, minimal dashboards. |
| Utility & Function | Muted palette, functional density | Work matters more than chrome. GitHub, developer tools. |
| Data & Analysis | Chart-optimized, technical but accessible | Analytics, metrics, business intelligence. |
Pick one. Or blend two. But commit to a direction that fits the product.
| 设计方向 | 风格感受 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| 精准密集型 | 紧凑间距、单色风格、信息优先 | 重度使用工具的核心用户。类似Linear、Raycast、终端的美学风格。 |
| 温暖亲和型 | 宽松间距、柔和阴影、友好感 | 希望传递人文感的产品。如Notion、Coda、协作类工具。 |
| 精致信赖型 | 冷色调、分层深度、厚重感 | 处理资金或敏感数据的产品。如Stripe、Mercury。 |
| 醒目清晰型 | 高对比度、大留白 | 现代、果断的产品。如Vercel、极简仪表盘。 |
| 实用功能型 | 低饱和度配色、功能优先的密集布局 | 功能优先于装饰的工具。如GitHub、开发者工具。 |
| 数据分析型 | 图表优化、专业但易用 | 分析类、指标类、商业智能产品。 |
选择一种风格,或融合两种,但必须确定符合产品定位的方向。
Choose Foundation
选择基础元素
Color foundation (don't default to warm):
- Warm (creams, warm grays): approachable, comfortable, human
- Cool (slate, blue-gray): professional, trustworthy, serious
- Pure neutrals (true grays): minimal, bold, technical
- Tinted (slight color cast): distinctive, memorable, branded
Light or dark? Dark feels technical, focused, premium. Light feels open, approachable, clean. Choose based on context.
Accent color: ONE that means something. Blue = trust. Green = growth. Orange = energy. Violet = creativity.
色彩基础(不要默认选择暖色调):
- 暖色调(米白、暖灰):亲和、舒适、人性化
- 冷色调(石板灰、蓝灰):专业、可信、严肃
- 纯中性色(纯灰):极简、醒目、技术感
- 带色调倾向(轻微色彩偏移):独特、易记、品牌化
亮色或暗色模式? 暗色模式更显技术感、专注感与高端感。亮色模式更显开阔、亲和、清爽。根据场景选择。
强调色: 只选一种有明确含义的颜色。蓝色=信任,绿色=增长,橙色=活力,紫色=创意。
Choose Layout
选择布局方式
- Dense grids for information-heavy interfaces where users scan and compare
- Generous spacing for focused tasks where users need to concentrate
- Sidebar nav for multi-section apps with many destinations
- Top nav for simpler tools with fewer sections
- 密集网格:适用于信息密集型界面,方便用户快速浏览与对比
- 宽松间距:适用于需要用户集中注意力的专注型任务
- 侧边栏导航:适用于多板块、多入口的复杂应用
- 顶部导航:适用于板块较少的简单工具
Choose Typography
选择字体体系
- System fonts: fast, native, invisible (utility-focused products)
- Geometric sans (Geist, Inter): modern, clean, technical
- Humanist sans (SF Pro, Satoshi): warmer, more approachable
- Monospace influence: technical, developer-focused, data-heavy
- 系统字体:加载快、原生感、无干扰(适用于功能优先的产品)
- 几何无衬线字体(Geist、Inter):现代、简洁、技术感
- 人文无衬线字体(SF Pro、Satoshi):更温暖、亲和
- 等宽字体风格:技术感、面向开发者、数据密集型场景
Core Craft (Non-Negotiable)
核心设计工艺(不可妥协)
The 4px Grid
4px网格系统
All spacing uses 4px base: (micro), (tight), (standard), (comfortable), (generous), (major).
4px8px12px16px24px32px所有间距以4px为基准:(微间距)、(紧凑间距)、(标准间距)、(舒适间距)、(宽松间距)、(大间距)。
4px8px12px16px24px32pxSymmetrical Padding
对称内边距
TLBR must match. If top is 16px, all sides are 16px. Exception: when content naturally creates visual balance.
上下左右内边距必须一致。如果顶部是16px,所有边都设为16px。例外情况:内容自然形成视觉平衡时可调整。
Border Radius
圆角半径
Stick to 4px grid. Pick a system and commit:
- Sharp: 4px, 6px, 8px
- Soft: 8px, 12px
- Minimal: 2px, 4px, 6px
遵循4px网格系统。确定一套规则并坚持执行:
- 锐利风格:4px、6px、8px
- 柔和风格:8px、12px
- 极简风格:2px、4px、6px
Depth Strategy
层次感策略
Match depth to design direction. Different products need different approaches:
- Borders-only (flat): Clean, technical. Linear, Raycast use almost no shadows.
- Subtle single shadow: Soft lift without complexity.
- Layered shadows: Rich, premium, dimensional. Stripe, Mercury.
- Surface color shifts: Background tints establish hierarchy without shadows.
The craft is in the choice, not the complexity. A flat interface with perfect spacing is more polished than shadow-heavy with sloppy details.
层次感需匹配设计方向。不同产品需要不同的处理方式:
- 仅用边框(扁平化):简洁、技术感。Linear、Raycast几乎不使用阴影。
- 细微单层阴影:轻微悬浮感,不增加复杂度。
- 多层阴影:丰富、高端、有立体感。如Stripe、Mercury。
- 背景色渐变:通过背景色调变化建立层级,无需阴影。
设计的精髓在于选择,而非复杂度。间距完美的扁平化界面,比阴影繁多但细节粗糙的界面更精致。
Typography Hierarchy
字体层级
- Headlines: 600 weight, -0.02em tracking
- Body: 400-500 weight
- Labels: 500 weight, positive tracking for uppercase
- Scale: 11px, 12px, 13px, 14px (base), 16px, 18px, 24px, 32px
Use monospace for numbers, IDs, codes, timestamps. Use for columns.
tabular-numsFont pairing: Display font for headlines (one statement font) + neutral body font. Don't mix two display fonts.
- 标题:600字重,-0.02em字距
- 正文:400-500字重
- 标签:500字重,大写字母使用正字距
- 字号范围:11px、12px、13px、14px(基准)、16px、18px、24px、32px
数字、ID、代码、时间戳使用等宽字体。表格列使用属性。
tabular-nums字体搭配: 标题用展示字体(一种标志性字体)+ 正文用中性字体。不要混合两种展示字体。
Color for Meaning Only
色彩仅用于传递信息
Gray builds structure. Color only appears when it communicates: status, action, error, success. Four-level contrast hierarchy: foreground → secondary → muted → faint.
灰色构建界面结构。仅在需要传递特定信息时使用色彩:状态、操作、错误、成功。四级对比度层级:前景色→次要色→弱化色→淡色。
Card Layouts
卡片布局
Internal layouts should vary by content. A metric card doesn't have to look like a plan card doesn't have to look like a settings card. One might have a sparkline, another an avatar stack, another a progress ring.
Surface treatment stays consistent: same border weight, shadow depth, corner radius, padding scale.
内部布局需根据内容调整。指标卡片、计划卡片、设置卡片的样式不必完全统一。有的卡片可能包含迷你折线图,有的包含头像组,有的包含进度环。
表层处理保持一致: 相同的边框粗细、阴影深度、圆角半径、内边距比例。
Isolated Controls
独立控件
Never use native form elements for styled UI. Native , render OS-native elements that cannot be styled. Build custom components.
<select><input type="date">Custom select triggers: with to keep text and icons on same row.
display: inline-flexwhite-space: nowrap不要为样式化UI使用原生表单元素。原生、会渲染系统原生元素,无法自定义样式。需构建自定义组件。
<select><input type="date">自定义选择器触发样式:使用并设置,确保文本和图标在同一行显示。
display: inline-flexwhite-space: nowrapNavigation Context
导航上下文
Screens need grounding:
- Navigation (sidebar or top)
- Location indicator (breadcrumbs, active state)
- User context (who's logged in)
When building sidebars, consider using same background as main content. Linear, Vercel use subtle border for separation rather than different backgrounds.
界面需要明确的定位:
- 导航栏(侧边栏或顶部)
- 位置指示器(面包屑、激活状态)
- 用户上下文(当前登录用户)
构建侧边栏时,可考虑使用与主内容区相同的背景色。Linear、Vercel使用细微边框分隔,而非不同背景色。
Dark Mode
暗色模式
- Borders over shadows: Shadows less visible on dark backgrounds
- Adjust semantic colors: Desaturate for dark backgrounds
- Same hierarchy, inverted values
- 用边框替代阴影:阴影在暗色背景上辨识度低
- 调整语义化色彩:在暗色背景上降低饱和度
- 层级不变,数值反转
Motion & Animation
动效与动画
Motion is communication, not decoration. Every animation should have a reason.
- Timing: 150-200ms for micro-interactions, 300-400ms for larger transitions
- Easing: for entrances,
ease-outfor exits,ease-infor state changesease-in-out - Staggered reveals: When loading multiple items, stagger by 50-75ms for polished feel
- Scroll-triggered: Subtle fade-in on scroll for long pages (opacity + small translateY)
Avoid: Spring physics, bouncy overshoots, parallax effects. Keep motion functional.
动效是沟通工具,而非装饰。每个动画都要有明确目的。
- 时长: 微交互用150-200ms,大型过渡用300-400ms
- 缓动函数: 入场用,退场用
ease-out,状态切换用ease-inease-in-out - ** stagger式展示:** 加载多个元素时,每隔50-75ms依次展示,提升精致感
- 滚动触发: 长页面滚动时的淡入效果(透明度+轻微Y轴位移)
避免:弹簧物理效果、弹跳过度、视差效果。保持动效的功能性。
Texture & Atmosphere
质感与氛围
For products that need visual depth beyond shadows:
- Subtle gradients: Background gradients (2-3% opacity shift) add dimension without distraction
- Noise overlay: 1-2% noise on large surfaces prevents flatness (especially dark mode)
- Glass effects: for elevated surfaces, used sparingly
backdrop-filter: blur() - Border gradients: Subtle gradient borders on hero cards for premium feel
Match to personality: Precision products stay flat. Sophisticated products layer depth.
对于需要超越阴影的视觉深度的产品:
- 细微渐变: 背景渐变(2-3%透明度变化)增加维度感,不分散注意力
- 噪点叠加: 大区域表面添加1-2%噪点,避免扁平化(尤其在暗色模式下)
- 毛玻璃效果: 对悬浮元素使用,谨慎使用
backdrop-filter: blur() - 渐变边框: 核心卡片使用细微渐变边框,提升高端感
匹配产品风格:精准型产品保持扁平化,精致型产品增加层次感。
Anti-Patterns
反模式
Never:
- Dramatic drop shadows ()
0 25px 50px... - Large radius (16px+) on small elements
- Asymmetric padding without reason
- Pure white cards on colored backgrounds
- Thick borders (2px+) for decoration
- Spring/bouncy animations
- Multiple accent colors
- Motion without purpose
绝对不要:
- 使用夸张的大阴影(如)
0 25px 50px... - 小元素使用大圆角(16px以上)
- 无理由的不对称内边距
- 彩色背景上使用纯白卡片
- 装饰性粗边框(2px以上)
- 弹簧/弹跳动画
- 使用多种强调色
- 无目的的动效
The Standard
标准要求
Different products want different things. A dev tool wants precision and density. A collaborative product wants warmth and space. A financial product wants trust and sophistication.
Same quality bar, context-driven execution.
For CSS values and implementation details, see references/craft-details.md.
不同产品有不同需求。开发者工具需要精准与密集,协作产品需要温暖与空间,金融产品需要信任与精致。
统一的质量标准,结合场景的执行方式。
关于CSS数值与实现细节,请参考references/craft-details.md。