design

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Original

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Translation

Chinese

Design Principles

设计原则

Core philosophy: Every interface should look designed by a team that obsesses over 1-pixel differences. Not stripped, crafted. And designed for its specific context.
核心理念: 每个界面都应呈现出由执着于1像素差别的团队打造的质感。不是简单简化,而是精心雕琢。并且要贴合产品的特定场景。

Design Direction (REQUIRED)

设计方向(必选)

Before writing code, commit to a direction. Don't default. Think about what this specific product needs to feel like.
编写代码前,先确定设计方向。 不要默认选择通用风格,要思考这款特定产品需要传递怎样的感受。

Think About Context

结合场景考量

  • What does this product do? A finance tool needs different energy than a creative tool.
  • Who uses it? Power users want density. Occasional users want guidance.
  • What's the emotional job? Trust? Efficiency? Delight? Focus?
  • What would make this memorable? Every product has a chance to feel distinctive.
  • 产品定位是什么? 金融工具与创意工具需要传递的氛围截然不同。
  • 目标用户是谁? 核心用户需要高密度信息,偶尔使用的用户需要引导性设计。
  • 情感诉求是什么? 信任?高效?愉悦?专注?
  • 记忆点在哪里? 每个产品都有机会打造独特的辨识度。

Choose a Personality

选择产品风格

DirectionFeelWhen to Use
Precision & DensityTight spacing, monochrome, info-forwardPower users who live in the tool. Linear, Raycast, terminal aesthetics.
Warmth & ApproachabilityGenerous spacing, soft shadows, friendlyProducts that want to feel human. Notion, Coda, collaborative tools.
Sophistication & TrustCool tones, layered depth, gravitasProducts handling money or sensitive data. Stripe, Mercury.
Boldness & ClarityHigh contrast, dramatic negative spaceModern, decisive products. Vercel, minimal dashboards.
Utility & FunctionMuted palette, functional densityWork matters more than chrome. GitHub, developer tools.
Data & AnalysisChart-optimized, technical but accessibleAnalytics, metrics, business intelligence.
Pick one. Or blend two. But commit to a direction that fits the product.
设计方向风格感受适用场景
精准密集型紧凑间距、单色风格、信息优先重度使用工具的核心用户。类似Linear、Raycast、终端的美学风格。
温暖亲和型宽松间距、柔和阴影、友好感希望传递人文感的产品。如Notion、Coda、协作类工具。
精致信赖型冷色调、分层深度、厚重感处理资金或敏感数据的产品。如Stripe、Mercury。
醒目清晰型高对比度、大留白现代、果断的产品。如Vercel、极简仪表盘。
实用功能型低饱和度配色、功能优先的密集布局功能优先于装饰的工具。如GitHub、开发者工具。
数据分析型图表优化、专业但易用分析类、指标类、商业智能产品。
选择一种风格,或融合两种,但必须确定符合产品定位的方向。

Choose Foundation

选择基础元素

Color foundation (don't default to warm):
  • Warm (creams, warm grays): approachable, comfortable, human
  • Cool (slate, blue-gray): professional, trustworthy, serious
  • Pure neutrals (true grays): minimal, bold, technical
  • Tinted (slight color cast): distinctive, memorable, branded
Light or dark? Dark feels technical, focused, premium. Light feels open, approachable, clean. Choose based on context.
Accent color: ONE that means something. Blue = trust. Green = growth. Orange = energy. Violet = creativity.
色彩基础(不要默认选择暖色调):
  • 暖色调(米白、暖灰):亲和、舒适、人性化
  • 冷色调(石板灰、蓝灰):专业、可信、严肃
  • 纯中性色(纯灰):极简、醒目、技术感
  • 带色调倾向(轻微色彩偏移):独特、易记、品牌化
亮色或暗色模式? 暗色模式更显技术感、专注感与高端感。亮色模式更显开阔、亲和、清爽。根据场景选择。
强调色: 只选一种有明确含义的颜色。蓝色=信任,绿色=增长,橙色=活力,紫色=创意。

Choose Layout

选择布局方式

  • Dense grids for information-heavy interfaces where users scan and compare
  • Generous spacing for focused tasks where users need to concentrate
  • Sidebar nav for multi-section apps with many destinations
  • Top nav for simpler tools with fewer sections
  • 密集网格:适用于信息密集型界面,方便用户快速浏览与对比
  • 宽松间距:适用于需要用户集中注意力的专注型任务
  • 侧边栏导航:适用于多板块、多入口的复杂应用
  • 顶部导航:适用于板块较少的简单工具

Choose Typography

选择字体体系

  • System fonts: fast, native, invisible (utility-focused products)
  • Geometric sans (Geist, Inter): modern, clean, technical
  • Humanist sans (SF Pro, Satoshi): warmer, more approachable
  • Monospace influence: technical, developer-focused, data-heavy
  • 系统字体:加载快、原生感、无干扰(适用于功能优先的产品)
  • 几何无衬线字体(Geist、Inter):现代、简洁、技术感
  • 人文无衬线字体(SF Pro、Satoshi):更温暖、亲和
  • 等宽字体风格:技术感、面向开发者、数据密集型场景

Core Craft (Non-Negotiable)

核心设计工艺(不可妥协)

The 4px Grid

4px网格系统

All spacing uses 4px base:
4px
(micro),
8px
(tight),
12px
(standard),
16px
(comfortable),
24px
(generous),
32px
(major).
所有间距以4px为基准:
4px
(微间距)、
8px
(紧凑间距)、
12px
(标准间距)、
16px
(舒适间距)、
24px
(宽松间距)、
32px
(大间距)。

Symmetrical Padding

对称内边距

TLBR must match. If top is 16px, all sides are 16px. Exception: when content naturally creates visual balance.
上下左右内边距必须一致。如果顶部是16px,所有边都设为16px。例外情况:内容自然形成视觉平衡时可调整。

Border Radius

圆角半径

Stick to 4px grid. Pick a system and commit:
  • Sharp: 4px, 6px, 8px
  • Soft: 8px, 12px
  • Minimal: 2px, 4px, 6px
遵循4px网格系统。确定一套规则并坚持执行:
  • 锐利风格:4px、6px、8px
  • 柔和风格:8px、12px
  • 极简风格:2px、4px、6px

Depth Strategy

层次感策略

Match depth to design direction. Different products need different approaches:
  • Borders-only (flat): Clean, technical. Linear, Raycast use almost no shadows.
  • Subtle single shadow: Soft lift without complexity.
  • Layered shadows: Rich, premium, dimensional. Stripe, Mercury.
  • Surface color shifts: Background tints establish hierarchy without shadows.
The craft is in the choice, not the complexity. A flat interface with perfect spacing is more polished than shadow-heavy with sloppy details.
层次感需匹配设计方向。不同产品需要不同的处理方式:
  • 仅用边框(扁平化):简洁、技术感。Linear、Raycast几乎不使用阴影。
  • 细微单层阴影:轻微悬浮感,不增加复杂度。
  • 多层阴影:丰富、高端、有立体感。如Stripe、Mercury。
  • 背景色渐变:通过背景色调变化建立层级,无需阴影。
设计的精髓在于选择,而非复杂度。间距完美的扁平化界面,比阴影繁多但细节粗糙的界面更精致。

Typography Hierarchy

字体层级

  • Headlines: 600 weight, -0.02em tracking
  • Body: 400-500 weight
  • Labels: 500 weight, positive tracking for uppercase
  • Scale: 11px, 12px, 13px, 14px (base), 16px, 18px, 24px, 32px
Use monospace for numbers, IDs, codes, timestamps. Use
tabular-nums
for columns.
Font pairing: Display font for headlines (one statement font) + neutral body font. Don't mix two display fonts.
  • 标题:600字重,-0.02em字距
  • 正文:400-500字重
  • 标签:500字重,大写字母使用正字距
  • 字号范围:11px、12px、13px、14px(基准)、16px、18px、24px、32px
数字、ID、代码、时间戳使用等宽字体。表格列使用
tabular-nums
属性。
字体搭配: 标题用展示字体(一种标志性字体)+ 正文用中性字体。不要混合两种展示字体。

Color for Meaning Only

色彩仅用于传递信息

Gray builds structure. Color only appears when it communicates: status, action, error, success. Four-level contrast hierarchy: foreground → secondary → muted → faint.
灰色构建界面结构。仅在需要传递特定信息时使用色彩:状态、操作、错误、成功。四级对比度层级:前景色→次要色→弱化色→淡色。

Card Layouts

卡片布局

Internal layouts should vary by content. A metric card doesn't have to look like a plan card doesn't have to look like a settings card. One might have a sparkline, another an avatar stack, another a progress ring.
Surface treatment stays consistent: same border weight, shadow depth, corner radius, padding scale.
内部布局需根据内容调整。指标卡片、计划卡片、设置卡片的样式不必完全统一。有的卡片可能包含迷你折线图,有的包含头像组,有的包含进度环。
表层处理保持一致: 相同的边框粗细、阴影深度、圆角半径、内边距比例。

Isolated Controls

独立控件

Never use native form elements for styled UI. Native
<select>
,
<input type="date">
render OS-native elements that cannot be styled. Build custom components.
Custom select triggers:
display: inline-flex
with
white-space: nowrap
to keep text and icons on same row.
不要为样式化UI使用原生表单元素。原生
<select>
<input type="date">
会渲染系统原生元素,无法自定义样式。需构建自定义组件。
自定义选择器触发样式:使用
display: inline-flex
并设置
white-space: nowrap
,确保文本和图标在同一行显示。

Navigation Context

导航上下文

Screens need grounding:
  • Navigation (sidebar or top)
  • Location indicator (breadcrumbs, active state)
  • User context (who's logged in)
When building sidebars, consider using same background as main content. Linear, Vercel use subtle border for separation rather than different backgrounds.
界面需要明确的定位:
  • 导航栏(侧边栏或顶部)
  • 位置指示器(面包屑、激活状态)
  • 用户上下文(当前登录用户)
构建侧边栏时,可考虑使用与主内容区相同的背景色。Linear、Vercel使用细微边框分隔,而非不同背景色。

Dark Mode

暗色模式

  • Borders over shadows: Shadows less visible on dark backgrounds
  • Adjust semantic colors: Desaturate for dark backgrounds
  • Same hierarchy, inverted values
  • 用边框替代阴影:阴影在暗色背景上辨识度低
  • 调整语义化色彩:在暗色背景上降低饱和度
  • 层级不变,数值反转

Motion & Animation

动效与动画

Motion is communication, not decoration. Every animation should have a reason.
  • Timing: 150-200ms for micro-interactions, 300-400ms for larger transitions
  • Easing:
    ease-out
    for entrances,
    ease-in
    for exits,
    ease-in-out
    for state changes
  • Staggered reveals: When loading multiple items, stagger by 50-75ms for polished feel
  • Scroll-triggered: Subtle fade-in on scroll for long pages (opacity + small translateY)
Avoid: Spring physics, bouncy overshoots, parallax effects. Keep motion functional.
动效是沟通工具,而非装饰。每个动画都要有明确目的。
  • 时长: 微交互用150-200ms,大型过渡用300-400ms
  • 缓动函数: 入场用
    ease-out
    ,退场用
    ease-in
    ,状态切换用
    ease-in-out
  • ** stagger式展示:** 加载多个元素时,每隔50-75ms依次展示,提升精致感
  • 滚动触发: 长页面滚动时的淡入效果(透明度+轻微Y轴位移)
避免:弹簧物理效果、弹跳过度、视差效果。保持动效的功能性。

Texture & Atmosphere

质感与氛围

For products that need visual depth beyond shadows:
  • Subtle gradients: Background gradients (2-3% opacity shift) add dimension without distraction
  • Noise overlay: 1-2% noise on large surfaces prevents flatness (especially dark mode)
  • Glass effects:
    backdrop-filter: blur()
    for elevated surfaces, used sparingly
  • Border gradients: Subtle gradient borders on hero cards for premium feel
Match to personality: Precision products stay flat. Sophisticated products layer depth.
对于需要超越阴影的视觉深度的产品:
  • 细微渐变: 背景渐变(2-3%透明度变化)增加维度感,不分散注意力
  • 噪点叠加: 大区域表面添加1-2%噪点,避免扁平化(尤其在暗色模式下)
  • 毛玻璃效果: 对悬浮元素使用
    backdrop-filter: blur()
    ,谨慎使用
  • 渐变边框: 核心卡片使用细微渐变边框,提升高端感
匹配产品风格:精准型产品保持扁平化,精致型产品增加层次感。

Anti-Patterns

反模式

Never:
  • Dramatic drop shadows (
    0 25px 50px...
    )
  • Large radius (16px+) on small elements
  • Asymmetric padding without reason
  • Pure white cards on colored backgrounds
  • Thick borders (2px+) for decoration
  • Spring/bouncy animations
  • Multiple accent colors
  • Motion without purpose
绝对不要:
  • 使用夸张的大阴影(如
    0 25px 50px...
  • 小元素使用大圆角(16px以上)
  • 无理由的不对称内边距
  • 彩色背景上使用纯白卡片
  • 装饰性粗边框(2px以上)
  • 弹簧/弹跳动画
  • 使用多种强调色
  • 无目的的动效

The Standard

标准要求

Different products want different things. A dev tool wants precision and density. A collaborative product wants warmth and space. A financial product wants trust and sophistication.
Same quality bar, context-driven execution.
For CSS values and implementation details, see references/craft-details.md.
不同产品有不同需求。开发者工具需要精准与密集,协作产品需要温暖与空间,金融产品需要信任与精致。
统一的质量标准,结合场景的执行方式。
关于CSS数值与实现细节,请参考references/craft-details.md