playwright

tests/
├── base-page.ts              # Parent class for ALL pages
├── helpers.ts                # Shared utilities
└── {page-name}/
    ├── {page-name}-page.ts   # Page Object Model
    ├── {page-name}.spec.ts   # ALL tests here (NO separate files!)
    └── {page-name}.md        # Test documentation

// 1. BEST - getByRole for interactive elements
this.submitButton = page.getByRole("button", { name: "Submit" });
this.navLink = page.getByRole("link", { name: "Dashboard" });

// 2. BEST - getByLabel for form controls
this.emailInput = page.getByLabel("Email");
this.passwordInput = page.getByLabel("Password");

// 3. SPARINGLY - getByText for static content only
this.errorMessage = page.getByText("Invalid credentials");
this.pageTitle = page.getByText("Welcome");

// 4. LAST RESORT - getByTestId when above fail
this.customWidget = page.getByTestId("date-picker");

// ❌ AVOID fragile selectors
this.button = page.locator(".btn-primary");  // NO
this.input = page.locator("#email");         // NO

import { Page, Locator, expect } from "@playwright/test";

// BasePage - ALL pages extend this
export class BasePage {
  constructor(protected page: Page) {}

  async goto(path: string): Promise<void> {
    await this.page.goto(path);
    await this.page.waitForLoadState("networkidle");
  }

  // Common methods go here (see Refactoring Guidelines)
  async waitForNotification(): Promise<void> {
    await this.page.waitForSelector('[role="status"]');
  }

  async verifyNotificationMessage(message: string): Promise<void> {
    const notification = this.page.locator('[role="status"]');
    await expect(notification).toContainText(message);
  }
}

// Page-specific implementation
export interface LoginData {
  email: string;
  password: string;
}

export class LoginPage extends BasePage {
  readonly emailInput: Locator;
  readonly passwordInput: Locator;
  readonly submitButton: Locator;

  constructor(page: Page) {
    super(page);
    this.emailInput = page.getByLabel("Email");
    this.passwordInput = page.getByLabel("Password");
    this.submitButton = page.getByRole("button", { name: "Sign in" });
  }

  async goto(): Promise<void> {
    await super.goto("/login");
  }

  async login(data: LoginData): Promise<void> {
    await this.emailInput.fill(data.email);
    await this.passwordInput.fill(data.password);
    await this.submitButton.click();
  }

  async verifyCriticalOutcome(): Promise<void> {
    await expect(this.page).toHaveURL("/dashboard");
  }
}

// ✅ GOOD: Reuse existing page objects
import { SignInPage } from "../sign-in/sign-in-page";
import { HomePage } from "../home/home-page";

test("User can sign up and login", async ({ page }) => {
  const signUpPage = new SignUpPage(page);
  const signInPage = new SignInPage(page);  // REUSE
  const homePage = new HomePage(page);      // REUSE

  await signUpPage.signUp(userData);
  await homePage.verifyPageLoaded();  // REUSE method
  await homePage.signOut();           // REUSE method
  await signInPage.login(credentials); // REUSE method
});

// ❌ BAD: Recreating existing functionality
export class SignUpPage extends BasePage {
  async logout() { /* ... */ }  // ❌ HomePage already has this
  async login() { /* ... */ }   // ❌ SignInPage already has this
}

// Repeated in multiple page objects
export class SignUpPage extends BasePage {
  async waitForNotification(): Promise<void> {
    await this.page.waitForSelector('[role="status"]');
  }
}
export class SignInPage extends BasePage {
  async waitForNotification(): Promise<void> {
    await this.page.waitForSelector('[role="status"]');  // DUPLICATED!
  }
}

// BasePage - shared across all pages
export class BasePage {
  async waitForNotification(): Promise<void> {
    await this.page.waitForSelector('[role="status"]');
  }
}

// helpers.ts - data generation
export function generateUniqueEmail(): string {
  return `test.${Date.now()}@example.com`;
}

export function generateTestUser() {
  return {
    name: "Test User",
    email: generateUniqueEmail(),
    password: "TestPassword123!",
  };
}

import { test, expect } from "@playwright/test";
import { LoginPage } from "./login-page";

test.describe("Login", () => {
  test("User can login successfully",
    { tag: ["@critical", "@e2e", "@login", "@LOGIN-E2E-001"] },
    async ({ page }) => {
      const loginPage = new LoginPage(page);

      await loginPage.goto();
      await loginPage.login({ email: "user@test.com", password: "pass123" });

      await expect(page).toHaveURL("/dashboard");
    }
  );
});

undefined

**Documentation Rules:**
- ❌ NO general test running instructions
- ❌ NO file structure explanations
- ❌ NO code examples or tutorials
- ❌ NO troubleshooting sections
- ✅ Focus ONLY on specific test case
- ✅ Keep under 60 lines when possible

npx playwright test                    # Run all
npx playwright test --grep "login"     # Filter by name
npx playwright test --ui               # Interactive UI
npx playwright test --debug            # Debug mode
npx playwright test tests/login/       # Run specific folder