prose

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Chinese

Prose

长文写作

This skill writes and reviews long-form text: posts, breakdowns, case studies and design notes. It explains each decision through the problem it solved and the options it beat, in plain sentences told by the person who did the work.

此 skill 负责撰写和审阅长篇文本，包括文章、拆解、案例研究和设计笔记。它会针对每个决定，说明它解决了什么问题、击败了哪些备选方案，并由实际完成工作的人用平实的句子讲述。

Facts are exact, the voice is the author's

事实要精确，语气要属于作者

A guess stated as fact, an uncited claim and an experience the author never described are findings every time. Style rules bend to the author's draft. Their tense and register stay, and so does their choice of I or we.

Interface labels, em dashes and ellipses belong to

copy

. Commit messages belong to

ship

把推测陈述为事实、提出未经引用的主张，以及描写作者从未描述过的经历，每次都会被列为问题。风格规则应服从作者草稿：保留其时态和语域，以及使用“我”还是“我们”的选择。

界面标签、长破折号（em dash）和省略号归

copy

处理。Commit message 归

ship

处理。

Open on where you stand

开篇先表明作者的立场

The first paragraph says what the piece is about and where the author stands: they built it, rebuilt it, use it or noticed it. The problem it answers arrives by the end of that paragraph. A line on what the piece isn't is welcome.

A contents list, "In this post I'll cover" or a feature tour as the opener is

prose-open-with-context

首段要说明文章讲什么，以及作者站在什么位置：作者构建了它、重建了它、使用它，或只是注意到了它。文章要回答的问题会在该段结束前出现。也可以顺带说明本文不是什么。

以目录开篇、以“本文将介绍……”开篇，或者以功能巡览开篇，属于

prose-open-with-context

。

Tell it in the first person

用第一人称讲述

The author is in the piece. "I" covers their own work and "we" a team's, saying what they built, tried, saw and dropped. A breakdown nobody seems to have written is

prose-first-person

作者要在文章中。“我”指作者自己的工作，“我们”指团队的工作，说明他们构建、尝试、观察和舍弃了什么。如果一篇拆解文章看不出是谁写的，就属于

prose-first-person

。

Each decision names what it beat

每个决定都要说明它击败了什么

State the choice, then at least one option that was considered and why it lost. "The highlight is an inset pill" with nothing beside it is

prose-show-the-alternatives

The reason is what the choice does for the person using it. "This makes it feel snappy" is

prose-reason-for-the-person

先说明选择，再至少给出一个曾考虑过的方案，并解释它为何落选。只有“高亮是内嵌式胶囊”而不提供任何对照，属于

prose-show-the-alternatives

。

理由应说明该选择为使用者带来了什么。“这会让人感觉非常灵敏”属于

prose-reason-for-the-person

。

Numbers, not adjectives

用数字，不用形容词

Where a value exists, write the value. "A really fast spring" is

prose-specifics

. Words like seamless, robust, powerful, blazing and delightful are

prose-no-hype

只要某个值确实存在，就写出该值。“一个响应非常快的弹簧动画”属于

prose-specifics

。像无缝（seamless）、稳健（robust）、强大（powerful）、飞快（blazing）和令人愉悦（delightful）这样的词，属于

prose-no-hype

。

Sentences carry their reasons

句子要承载理由

A fact travels with its consequence in the same sentence, joined by so, but or because. A reason left for the next sentence, or for the reader to supply, is

prose-link-the-reason

There is no word limit. Length is judged by ear, and a sentence that needs a second read is split. A run of short sentences or fragments for emphasis is

prose-no-fragment-runs

事实及其后果应放在同一句中，用 so、but 或 because 连接。如果把理由留到下一句，或留给读者自行补充，就属于

prose-link-the-reason

。

没有字数上限。篇幅凭语感判断，需要读两遍才理解的句子应当拆开。连续使用短句或片段句来强调，属于

prose-no-fragment-runs

。

Lists live in the sentence

列表要放进句子里

A list of two to four items goes inside one sentence, after a colon. A row of fragments standing in for that sentence is

prose-list-in-the-sentence

When the items need explaining, each one carries its gloss in brackets: spacing (a scale someone chose and stuck to), type (a size and line height tuned together). Glosses split into separate sentences are

prose-gloss-in-brackets

包含 2 至 4 项的列表应放在一个句子里，置于冒号之后。用一串片段句代替这个句子，属于

prose-list-in-the-sentence

。

如果这些项目需要解释，每一项都要在方括号中带上说明：间距（有人选定后一直沿用的比例体系）、字体排印（type，即共同调整的字号与行高）。把说明拆成独立句子，属于

prose-gloss-in-brackets

。

Tell what happened

讲述实际经过

Process is told as what the author did, in the past tense: I'd record the screen, play it back slowly and rebuild it beside the recording. Present-tense advice with no account of doing it is

prose-tell-what-happened

过程应通过作者做过什么来叙述，并使用过去时：“我会先录制屏幕，再慢慢回放，并对照录制内容把它重建出来。”如果只是用现在时给建议，却不说明自己实际做过，就属于

prose-tell-what-happened

。

Talk about the work, not at the reader

谈工作本身，不要直接对读者说话

Describe what the thing does and what the author did. Address the reader as you only when they are about to act, such as trying a demo. A run of instructions to the reader is

prose-fewer-you

描述这个东西能做什么，以及作者做了什么。只有在读者即将采取行动时，例如准备试用 demo，才用“你”直接称呼读者。连续向读者下指令，属于

prose-fewer-you

。

Admit the limits of your own work

坦承自己作品的局限

Say in passing where the author's own work falls short, without apology: the first version is always close and always wrong. A piece about the author's own work that claims no limits is

prose-admit-the-limits

Delete throat-clearing such as "It's worth noting", "Let's dive in" and "Not just X, but Y". That is

prose-no-filler

顺带指出作者自己的作品有哪些不足，不必道歉：第一版总是很接近，也总有不对的地方。关于自己作品、却完全不承认任何局限的拆解，属于

prose-admit-the-limits

。

删除“值得注意的是”“让我们深入看看”“不只是 X，而是 Y”之类的铺垫语。这属于

prose-no-filler

。

Asides sit in brackets

插入语放在括号里

An aside steps out of the argument for a moment: an admission, a credit or a joke. It sits in brackets, runs under 15 words and appears at most once a section. A gloss on a list item is not an aside.

An aside that carries the argument, or a second aside in one section, is

prose-asides

插入语是暂时跳出论证的补充，例如一项承认、一句致意或一个玩笑。它应放在方括号中，不超过 15 个词，并且每个小节最多出现一次。列表项的解释不算插入语。

如果插入语承担了论证作用，或者同一小节中出现第二个插入语，就属于

prose-asides

。

Footnotes hold asides as well as sources

脚注既放插入语，也放来源

A footnote can carry a personal aside: the caveat, the attempt that failed, the story behind a number. A caveat that breaks the main line moves to a footnote. Leaving it inline is

prose-footnote-the-caveat

脚注可以承载个人插入语，例如注意事项、失败的尝试或某个数字背后的故事。会打断主线的注意事项应移至脚注。把它留在正文中，属于

prose-footnote-the-caveat

。

Say how you know

说明你是怎么知道的

Each fact says where it came from: inspected, measured, read in the source or quoted. A value with no method is

prose-say-how-you-know

A claim from someone else carries a footnote linking the original. "Navigation got 30% faster" with no link is

prose-cite-claims

每项事实都要说明来源：检查所得、测量所得、从来源中读到，或直接引用。某个数值如果没有说明获取方法，就属于

prose-say-how-you-know

。

他人提出的主张要附上脚注，并链接原始出处。“导航速度提升了 30%”却没有链接，属于

prose-cite-claims

。

Mark guesses as guesses

把猜测标为猜测

An inference reads as one: "I think", "my guess is", "the way I read it". A motive stated as fact is

prose-mark-the-guess

. A measured fact wrapped in "I believe" is

prose-no-hedged-facts

推断读起来必须像推断：“I think”（我认为）、“my guess is”（我的猜测是）或“the way I read it”（我的理解是）。把动机陈述为事实，属于

prose-mark-the-guess

。已经测得的事实却用“我相信”来限定，属于

prose-no-hedged-facts

。

Never invent the author's experience

绝不虚构作者的经历

Writing for someone else, add no anecdote, feeling or attempt they did not describe. That covers asides, footnote stories, accounts of what happened and admitted limits. "At first I wondered why" is

prose-no-invented-experience

. Ask for the real moment or leave the line out.

替别人写作时，不要添加他们没有描述过的轶事、感受或尝试。这同样适用于插入语、脚注中的故事、实际经过的叙述，以及对自身局限的承认。“起初我疑惑为什么完全没有回弹”属于

prose-no-invented-experience

。应询问真实发生的事，或删掉这句话。

Edit the words, keep the voice

修改文字，保留语气

Fix spelling, grammar and order in the author's draft. Rewriting their register into yours is

prose-keep-the-voice

修正作者草稿中的拼写、语法和语序，但不要把他们的语域改写成自己的。这属于

prose-keep-the-voice

。

Spelling is British

使用英式拼写

Running text uses British spelling: colour, behaviour, centre, grey, favourite, customise, recognise, organise and judgement. Code, CSS and API names, interface labels and quoted titles keep their own spelling. "Color" in a sentence is

prose-british-spelling

正文采用英式拼写，例如 colour（颜色）、behaviour（行为）、centre（中心）、grey（灰色）、favourite（最喜欢的）、customise（自定义）、recognise（识别）、organise（组织）和 judgement（判断）。代码、CSS 和 API 名称、界面标签以及引用标题保留原有拼写。如果句子中使用了“Color”，就属于

prose-british-spelling

。

Show what has shape

把结构展示出来

A sequence of steps, a comparison or a set of values goes in a list, table or figure. Five shortcuts strung through one paragraph is

prose-show-the-shape

步骤序列、对比项或一组数值应放进列表、表格或图示。在一个段落中串联五个快捷键，属于

prose-show-the-shape

。

Captions say what happens

图注说明发生了什么

A caption under a demo or figure describes what happens in it, in order: the menu grows out of the button, the shadow arrives on the fourth frame and the content on the sixth. A caption that states the lesson is

prose-caption-the-action

demo 或图示下方的图注应按顺序描述其中发生的事情，例如菜单从按钮中生长出来，阴影在第四帧出现，内容在第六帧出现。图注如果只陈述教训，就属于

prose-caption-the-action

。

End modestly

谦逊地收尾

The last line of a piece is plain: what the work does for now, what is next or how the author feels about it. A punchline, an aphorism or a summary of the headings as the ending is

prose-modest-ending

文章最后一行应当朴实：说明这项工作目前能做到什么、下一步是什么，或作者对它的感受。以包袱式收尾（punchline）、格言，或总结各个小标题作为结尾，属于

prose-modest-ending

。

The pair

成对呈现

Every check is a pair. The broken line sits beside the line that replaces it.

Rule	Broken	Replacement
`prose-open-with-context`	`In this post I'll cover anatomy, motion and keys.`	`I rebuilt a command menu I open a hundred times a day. This isn't a tutorial. It's what I found taking it apart.`
`prose-first-person`	`The menu was rebuilt from inspect element and the source.`	`I rebuilt the menu from inspect element and the source.`
`prose-show-the-alternatives`	`The highlight is an inset pill.`	`A full-width stripe reads like a table. An inset pill reads like something you hold.`
`prose-reason-for-the-person`	`This makes it feel snappy.`	`The height moves on the same keystroke that changed the list.`
`prose-specifics`	`A really fast spring`	`A stiffness of 20000, settled in about a tenth of a second`
`prose-no-hype`	`A seamless, powerful menu`	`A menu that never makes you wait`
`prose-link-the-reason`	`Rows have fixed heights. The frame never measures itself.`	`Rows have fixed heights, so the frame never has to measure itself.`
`prose-no-fragment-runs`	`The page works. You don't want to stay.`	`The page works, but nobody wants to stay on it.`
`prose-list-in-the-sentence`	`Spacing that's off. A hover that scales. Copy that says nothing.`	`What it misses is small: spacing that's off, a hover that scales and copy that says nothing.`
`prose-gloss-in-brackets`	`Under the surface there's a spacing scale. Someone chose it and stuck to it.`	`Under the surface sit spacing (a scale someone chose and stuck to) and type (a size and line height tuned together).`
`prose-tell-what-happened`	`Record it, then rebuild it beside the recording.`	`I'd record it, then rebuild it beside the recording until I couldn't tell them apart.`
`prose-fewer-you`	`You open the menu. You watch it grow. You notice the corner.`	`The menu grows from the corner of the button that opened it.`
`prose-admit-the-limits`	A breakdown of your own rebuild that claims it matches the original	`My version only covers part of it, but it was enough to understand how it works.`
`prose-no-filler`	`It's worth noting that rows are 46 tall.`	`Rows are 46 tall.`
`prose-asides`	`Note that this is not a criticism of the team that built it.`	`(Not a knock on the team, who ship careful work.)`
`prose-footnote-the-caveat`	`The list is pinned to the top, though at first it was centred and that moved every card.`	`The list is pinned to the top.[^1]` with the centred version in the footnote
`prose-say-how-you-know`	`The spring has a stiffness of 20000.`	`The spring has a stiffness of 20000, the number in their code.`
`prose-cite-claims`	`Navigation got 30% faster.`	`Navigation got 30% faster.[^1]` with the source linked
`prose-mark-the-guess`	`They did this to stop the highlight flickering.`	`I think they did this to stop the highlight flickering.`
`prose-no-hedged-facts`	`I believe rows are 46 tall.`	`Rows are 46 tall.`
`prose-no-invented-experience`	`At first I wondered why there's no bounce.`	`Why no bounce at all?`
`prose-keep-the-voice`	`I thought I might try my hand` rewritten as `This project explores`	`I thought I'd try my hand`
`prose-british-spelling`	`The color fades from the center.`	`The colour fades from the centre.`
`prose-show-the-shape`	Five shortcuts in one paragraph	A keymap table
`prose-caption-the-action`	`The second version has fewer things in it.`	`The card loses its gradient, its sparkle and its entrance, and the button answers a press.`
`prose-modest-ending`	`The best compliment a tool can get is that someone forgets it's there.`	`That's why I keep coming back to quiet software, and it's the kind I try to build.`

每次检查都是一对：问题写法与替代写法并列展示。

规则	有问题的写法	替代写法
`prose-open-with-context`	`在本文中，我将介绍内部结构、动效和按键。`	`我重建了一个自己每天都会打开上百次的命令菜单。这不是教程，而是我把它拆开后发现的东西。`
`prose-first-person`	`这个菜单是根据 inspect element 和源码重建的。`	`我根据 inspect element 和源码重建了这个菜单。`
`prose-show-the-alternatives`	`高亮是内嵌式胶囊。`	`全宽条带看起来像表格，内嵌式胶囊则像可以拿在手里的东西。`
`prose-reason-for-the-person`	`这会让人感觉非常灵敏。`	`改变列表的同一次按键，也会同时改变高度。`
`prose-specifics`	`一个响应非常快的弹簧动画`	`刚度为 20000，约 0.1 秒后稳定下来`
`prose-no-hype`	`一个无缝、强大的菜单`	`一个从不让人等待的菜单`
`prose-link-the-reason`	`各行高度固定。框架从不测量自身。`	`各行高度固定，因此框架无需测量自身。`
`prose-no-fragment-runs`	`页面能正常工作。你不会想停留。`	`页面能正常工作，但没人想留在页面上。`
`prose-list-in-the-sentence`	`间距不对。悬停会缩放。文案什么都没说。`	`它缺少的东西很少：间距不对、悬停会缩放，以及什么都没说的文案。`
`prose-gloss-in-brackets`	`表面之下有一套间距系统。有人选定后一直沿用。`	`表面之下是间距（有人选定并一直沿用的比例体系）和字体排印（共同调整的字号与行高）。`
`prose-tell-what-happened`	`先录制，然后对照录制内容重建。`	`我会先录制，再对照录制内容重建，直到二者难以分辨。`
`prose-fewer-you`	`你打开菜单。你看着它展开。你注意到边角。`	`菜单从打开它的按钮边角展开。`
`prose-admit-the-limits`	关于自己重建版本的拆解，却声称它与原版完全一致	`我的版本只覆盖了其中一部分，但已足以理解它的工作方式。`
`prose-no-filler`	`值得注意的是，各行高度为 46。`	`各行高度为 46。`
`prose-asides`	`请注意，这不是对构建该菜单的团队的批评。`	`（并非是在责怪那个团队，他们交付的是谨慎细致的作品。）`
`prose-footnote-the-caveat`	`列表固定在顶部，尽管起初它居中，而这会让每张卡片移动。`	`列表固定在顶部。[^1]` 脚注中放入居中版本
`prose-say-how-you-know`	`弹簧动画的刚度为 20000。`	`弹簧动画的刚度为 20000，这个数字来自他们的代码。`
`prose-cite-claims`	`导航速度提升了 30%。`	`导航速度提升了 30%。[^1]` 并附上来源链接
`prose-mark-the-guess`	`他们这样做是为了阻止高亮闪烁。`	`我认为他们这样做是为了阻止高亮闪烁。`
`prose-no-hedged-facts`	`我相信各行高度为 46。`	`各行高度为 46。`
`prose-no-invented-experience`	`起初我疑惑为什么完全没有回弹。`	`为什么完全没有回弹？`
`prose-keep-the-voice`	`我可能想亲自试试` 被改写为 `这个项目探索了`	`我想亲自试试`
`prose-british-spelling`	`The color fades from the center.`	`The colour fades from the centre.`
`prose-show-the-shape`	在一个段落中串联五个快捷键	一张按键映射表
`prose-caption-the-action`	`第二个版本包含的内容更少。`	`卡片去掉了渐变、闪光和入场动画，按钮则会对按下操作作出响应。`
`prose-modest-ending`	`一个工具所能得到的最高赞美，是有人忘了它的存在。`	`我不断回到安静软件身边的原因就在于此，而这也是我尝试构建的那类软件。`

Reporting

报告

Severity.

HIGH

is an invented experience, a guess stated as fact or an uncited claim.

MEDIUM

is a decision with no alternative, an adjective where a number exists, hype or filler. It is also an opener with no context, a breakdown with nobody in it or a rewritten voice. So is advice with no account of doing it, or own work with no limits.

LOW

is an unlinked reason, a fragment run, a list or gloss split into sentences or too much you. It is also an American spelling, an inline caveat, a misused aside, a lesson caption, prose that should be a table or a punchline ending.

Format. One finding per root cause:

file:line - [rule-id] what is wrong

Then a

Rule | Count | Severity

summary.

Block

when any

HIGH

remains,

Approve

otherwise. Never

Approve

a file you did not read. Mark every check you could not run as

Not verified

严重程度。

HIGH

表示虚构经历、把推测陈述为事实或未经引用的主张。

MEDIUM

表示没有备选方案的决定、本可用数字表示却使用形容词、炒作式措辞或填充话。缺少上下文的开篇、看不出作者是谁的拆解，以及被改写掉的作者语气，也属于此级别。没有实际经历说明的建议，以及未承认自身作品局限的内容同样如此。

LOW

表示未与事实建立联系的理由、连续的片段句、被拆成多句的列表或注释、过多使用“你”。美式拼写、内联注意事项、误用插入语、只陈述教训的图注、本应使用表格却写成散文的内容，以及包袱式结尾也属于此级别。

格式。 每个根本原因只报告一项发现：

file:line - [rule-id] what is wrong

然后给出

Rule | Count | Severity

汇总。只要仍有任何

HIGH

，就判定为

Block

；否则判定为

Approve

。绝不能对未读取的文件给出

Approve

。每项无法运行的检查都标记为

Not verified

。