usability-testing

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Chinese

Usability Testing

可用性测试

Scope

适用范围

Covers
  • Designing task-based usability studies tied to a specific product decision
  • Testing live flows, prototypes, and “faked” implementations (fake door, Wizard of Oz)
  • Running moderated sessions (remote or in-person) and capturing high-quality evidence
  • Turning findings into a prioritized fix list (including high-ROI microcopy/CTA improvements)
When to use
  • “Create a usability test plan and script for <flow>.”
  • “We need to test a prototype with 5–8 users next week.”
  • “Validate a value proposition before building (fake door / Wizard of Oz).”
  • “Help me synthesize usability findings into a prioritized backlog.”
When NOT to use
  • You need statistically reliable estimates or causal impact (use analytics/experimentation)
  • You need open-ended discovery (“what problems do users have?”) → use
    conducting-user-interviews
  • You’re working with high-risk populations or sensitive topics (medical, legal, minors) without appropriate approvals/training
  • You don’t have a concrete scenario/flow to evaluate (clarify the decision first)
涵盖内容
  • 设计与特定产品决策挂钩的基于任务的可用性研究
  • 测试真实流程、原型及“模拟”实现(假门测试、Wizard of Oz测试)
  • 执行有主持的测试会话(远程或线下)并收集高质量证据
  • 将研究结果转化为按优先级排序的修复清单(包括高投资回报率的微文案/CTA优化)
适用场景
  • “为<流程>创建可用性测试计划和脚本。”
  • “我们需要在下周对原型进行5-8位用户的测试。”
  • “在开发前验证价值主张(假门测试/Wizard of Oz测试)。”
  • “帮我将可用性研究结果整合为按优先级排序的待办事项。”
不适用场景
  • 需要统计可靠的估算或因果影响分析(请使用数据分析/实验方法)
  • 需要开放式探索(“用户存在哪些问题?”)→ 请使用
    conducting-user-interviews
    (用户访谈)
  • 在未获得适当批准/培训的情况下,针对高风险人群或敏感主题(医疗、法律、未成年人)开展测试
  • 没有明确的评估场景/流程(请先明确决策内容)

Inputs

输入要求

Minimum required
  • Product + target user segment (who, context of use)
  • The decision this test should inform (what will change) + timeline
  • What you’re testing (flow/feature) + prototype/build link (or “recommend stimulus”)
  • Platform + environment (web/mobile/desktop; remote/in-person)
  • Constraints: session type, number of participants, incentives, recording policy, privacy constraints
Missing-info strategy
  • Ask up to 5 questions from references/INTAKE.md.
  • If still unknown, proceed with explicit assumptions and list Open questions that would change the plan.
最低必要信息
  • 产品及目标用户群体(测试对象、使用场景)
  • 本次测试要支撑的决策内容(会有哪些变更)+ 时间线
  • 测试对象(流程/功能)+ 原型/产品链接(或“推荐测试素材”)
  • 平台及环境(网页/移动/桌面;远程/线下)
  • 约束条件:会话类型、参与者数量、激励措施、录制政策、隐私限制
缺失信息处理策略
  • 可从references/INTAKE.md中选取最多5个问题进行询问。
  • 若信息仍不明确,基于明确假设推进,并列出待确认问题,这些问题可能会改变测试计划。

Outputs (deliverables)

输出成果(交付物)

Produce a Usability Test Pack in Markdown (in-chat; or as files if requested):
  1. Context snapshot (decision, users, what’s being tested, constraints)
  2. Test plan (method, prototype strategy, hypotheses/risks, success criteria)
  3. Participant plan (criteria, recruiting channels, schedule + backups)
  4. Moderator guide + task script (neutral tasks, probes, wrap-up)
  5. Note-taking template + issue log (severity/impact, evidence)
  6. Synthesis readout (findings, prioritized issues, recommendations, quick wins)
  7. Risks / Open questions / Next steps (always included)
Templates: references/TEMPLATES.md
Expanded heuristics: references/WORKFLOW.md
生成Markdown格式的可用性测试包(可在对话中直接提供;若有需求也可作为文件交付):
  1. 上下文快照(决策内容、测试用户、测试对象、约束条件)
  2. 测试计划(方法、原型策略、假设/风险、成功标准)
  3. 参与者计划(入选标准、招募渠道、日程安排及备选方案)
  4. 主持人指南+任务脚本(中立任务、追问问题、收尾环节)
  5. 记录模板+问题日志(严重程度/影响、证据)
  6. 研究结果整合报告(研究发现、按优先级排序的问题、建议、快速优化点)
  7. 风险/待确认问题/下一步行动(必须包含)
模板:references/TEMPLATES.md
扩展启发式方法:references/WORKFLOW.md

Workflow (8 steps)

工作流程(8个步骤)

1) Frame the decision and the “why now”

1) 明确决策内容及“当前开展测试的原因”

  • Inputs: User context; references/INTAKE.md.
  • Actions: Define the decision, primary unknowns, and the minimum you need to learn to make the call.
  • Outputs: Context snapshot + research questions/hypotheses.
  • Checks: You can answer: “What will we do differently after this test?”
  • 输入:用户上下文;references/INTAKE.md
  • 行动:定义决策内容、核心未知项,以及做出决策所需了解的最低信息。
  • 输出:上下文快照+研究问题/假设。
  • 检查项:能够回答“测试结束后我们会做出哪些不同的决策?”

2) Choose the right stimulus (real vs prototype vs faked)

2) 选择合适的测试素材(真实产品/原型/模拟实现)

  • Inputs: What’s being tested; constraints.
  • Actions: Select the cheapest valid setup: live product, clickable prototype, fake door, Wizard of Oz, or concierge flow.
  • Outputs: Prototype strategy + what will be real vs simulated.
  • Checks: The setup tests the core value/behavior (not pixel perfection).
  • 输入:测试对象;约束条件。
  • 行动:选择成本最低且有效的测试方案:真实产品、可点击原型、假门测试、Wizard of Oz测试,或礼宾式流程。
  • 输出:原型策略+明确真实与模拟部分。
  • 检查项:测试方案能够验证核心价值/行为(而非像素级完美)。

3) Define tasks and success criteria (keep it neutral)

3) 定义任务及成功标准(保持中立)

  • Inputs: User goals + scenarios.
  • Actions: Write 5–8 realistic tasks (each with a starting state), success criteria, and key observables (hesitation, errors, workarounds).
  • Outputs: Task list (draft) + observation plan.
  • Checks: Tasks don’t reveal UI labels (“Click the X button”); they reflect real intent.
  • 输入:用户目标+场景。
  • 行动:编写5-8个贴合真实场景的任务(每个任务包含起始状态)、成功标准,以及关键观察点(犹豫、错误、变通方法)。
  • 输出:任务列表(草稿)+ 观察计划。
  • 检查项:任务不会透露UI标签(如“点击X按钮”);而是反映真实用户意图。

4) Pick participants + recruiting plan (include buffers)

4) 确定参与者+招募计划(包含备选方案)

  • Inputs: Target segment, access to users.
  • Actions: Set inclusion/exclusion criteria; choose channels; build a schedule with backups and slack for no-shows and busy participants.
  • Outputs: Participant plan + recruiting copy/screener (as needed).
  • Checks: Participants match the scenario (behavior/context), not just demographics.
  • 输入:目标用户群体、用户获取渠道。
  • 行动:设定入选/排除标准;选择招募渠道;制定包含备选人员的日程安排,预留应对用户缺席和忙碌情况的缓冲时间。
  • 输出:参与者计划+招募文案/筛选问卷(按需)。
  • 检查项:参与者符合测试场景(行为/上下文),而非仅匹配人口统计特征。

5) Build the moderator guide + instrumentation

5) 制作主持人指南+测试工具准备

  • Inputs: Task list + prototype.
  • Actions: Create the script (intro/consent, warm-up, tasks, probes, wrap-up). Assign note-taker roles; decide what to record.
  • Outputs: Moderator guide + notes template + issue log.
  • Checks: The guide avoids leading questions and includes “what would you do next?” probes.
  • 输入:任务列表+原型。
  • 行动:编写测试脚本(介绍/知情同意、热身环节、任务、追问、收尾)。分配记录员角色;确定需要录制的内容。
  • 输出:主持人指南+记录模板+问题日志。
  • 检查项:指南避免诱导性问题,并包含“接下来你会怎么做?”这类追问。

6) Run sessions and capture evidence (optional “reality checks”)

6) 执行测试会话并收集证据(可选“现实验证”)

  • Inputs: Guide, logistics, participants.
  • Actions: Run sessions; capture verbatims, errors, rough time-on-task, and moments of confusion. Optionally observe comparable flows “in the wild.”
  • Outputs: Completed notes per session + populated issue log.
  • Checks: Every issue has at least one concrete example (quote/screenshot/time/step) attached.
  • 输入:指南、后勤安排、参与者。
  • 行动:执行测试会话;记录用户原话、错误、大致任务耗时,以及用户困惑的时刻。可选择性观察“真实场景”中的类似流程。
  • 输出:每个会话的完整记录+已填充的问题日志。
  • 检查项:每个问题都至少附带一个具体示例(引用/截图/时间/步骤)。

7) Synthesize into prioritized fixes (micro wins count)

7) 整合结果生成按优先级排序的修复清单(小优化也很重要)

  • Inputs: Notes + issue log.
  • Actions: Cluster issues; label severity and frequency; connect to funnel/business impact; propose fixes (including microcopy/CTA tweaks).
  • Outputs: Synthesis readout + prioritized recommendations/backlog.
  • Checks: Each recommendation ties to evidence and an expected impact (directional).
  • 输入:记录+问题日志。
  • 行动:归类问题;标记严重程度和出现频率;关联转化漏斗/业务影响;提出修复方案(包括微文案/CTA调整)。
  • 输出:研究结果整合报告+按优先级排序的建议/待办事项。
  • 检查项:每条建议都关联证据,并说明预期影响(方向性)。

8) Share, decide, and run the quality gate

8) 分享结果、做出决策并执行质量校验

  • Inputs: Draft pack.
  • Actions: Produce a shareable readout, propose next steps (design iteration, follow-up test, experiment). Run references/CHECKLISTS.md and score references/RUBRIC.md.
  • Outputs: Final Usability Test Pack + Risks/Open questions/Next steps.
  • Checks: A stakeholder can make a “ship / fix / retest” decision asynchronously.
  • 输入:测试包草稿。
  • 行动:生成可分享的报告,提出下一步行动(设计迭代、后续测试、实验)。执行references/CHECKLISTS.md并根据references/RUBRIC.md评分。
  • 输出:最终可用性测试包+风险/待确认问题/下一步行动。
  • 检查项:利益相关者能够异步做出“上线/修复/重新测试”的决策。

Quality gate (required)

质量校验(必填)

  • Use references/CHECKLISTS.md and references/RUBRIC.md.
  • Always include: Risks, Open questions, Next steps.
  • 使用references/CHECKLISTS.mdreferences/RUBRIC.md
  • 必须包含:风险待确认问题下一步行动

Examples

示例

Example 1 (Prototype test): “Create a usability test plan + moderator guide to evaluate our new onboarding flow (web) with 6 first-time users next week.”
Expected: full Usability Test Pack with neutral tasks, recruiting criteria, session logistics, and a synthesis structure.
Example 2 (Wizard of Oz): “We want to test an ‘AI auto-triage’ feature before building it. Design a Wizard of Oz usability test plan and script for 5 sessions.”
Expected: stimulus plan defining what’s simulated, tasks focused on value, and an issue log + readout.
Boundary example: “Run a usability test to prove the redesign will increase retention by 10%.”
Response: explain limits of small-n usability; recommend pairing with instrumentation/experimentation for causality and use usability to diagnose friction.
示例1(原型测试):“为我们新的网页版注册流程创建可用性测试计划+主持人指南,下周对6位首次用户进行测试。”
预期输出:完整的可用性测试包,包含中立任务、招募标准、会话后勤安排,以及结果整合框架。
示例2(Wizard of Oz测试):“我们想在开发前测试‘AI自动分诊’功能。设计一个包含5次会话的Wizard of Oz可用性测试计划和脚本。”
预期输出:明确模拟内容的测试素材计划、聚焦价值的任务,以及问题日志+结果报告。
边界示例:“开展可用性测试以证明重新设计能将留存率提升10%。”
回应:说明小样本可用性测试的局限性;建议结合数据埋点/实验方法来分析因果关系,同时用可用性测试诊断流程中的摩擦点。