regulatory-compliance
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ChineseRegulatory Compliance Skill
合规监管Skill
Overview
概述
Assess systems, processes, and artifacts against major regulatory frameworks:
- GDPR/CCPA — Data privacy compliance for EU and California/US state laws
- Privacy-by-Design — Proactive privacy embedding following Ann Cavoukian's 7 principles
- ADA/WCAG — Web and software accessibility under ADA and WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA standards
- DPA Validation — Data Processing Agreement completeness and correctness checks
- Regulatory Monitoring — Guidance on tracking regulatory changes across jurisdictions
Output is structured as PASS / CONDITIONAL / FAIL with severity-rated findings and actionable remediation tasks.
针对主要监管框架评估系统、流程和相关工件:
- GDPR/CCPA — 针对欧盟及美国加州/各州法律的数据隐私合规
- Privacy-by-Design — 遵循Ann Cavoukian的7项原则,主动嵌入隐私保护机制
- ADA/WCAG — 符合ADA及WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA标准的网页与软件无障碍性
- DPA验证 — 数据处理协议(DPA)的完整性与正确性检查
- 监管变化监控 — 跨司法管辖区追踪监管变化的指南
输出结果分为PASS(通过)/ CONDITIONAL(有条件通过)/ FAIL(不通过),包含分级严重程度的问题发现及可执行的整改任务。
When to Use
适用场景
- Before deploying any feature that collects, processes, or stores personal data
- During architecture review for systems touching PII or user data
- When validating third-party vendor agreements and DPAs
- Before launching products in EU, California, or any jurisdiction with active privacy law
- When auditing accessibility compliance for public-facing interfaces
- As part of CI compliance gates for data pipelines and APIs
- 在部署任何收集、处理或存储个人数据的功能之前
- 在涉及个人身份信息(PII)或用户数据的系统架构评审期间
- 在验证第三方供应商协议及DPA时
- 在欧盟、加州或任何实施隐私法的司法管辖区推出产品之前
- 在对面向公众的界面进行无障碍合规性审计时
- 作为数据管道与API的CI合规检查环节的一部分
Iron Laws
核心准则
- NEVER report PASS on partial compliance — if any item fails, the result is CONDITIONAL or FAIL; partial compliance masks violations.
- ALWAYS include remediation tasks with specific owning agents — vague findings don't produce fixes; every FAIL/CONDITIONAL must specify who fixes it and how.
- NEVER skip multi-jurisdiction check — GDPR, CCPA, and 20+ US state laws may all apply; document scope clearly.
- ALWAYS verify privacy-by-design at design time — retrofitting privacy after deployment is significantly more costly and less effective.
- NEVER treat accessibility as optional — ADA/WCAG compliance carries active litigation risk (ADA lawsuits up 37% H1 2025); all public interfaces must be validated.
- ALWAYS document regulation version and date assessed — regulatory guidance evolves; stamp every report with the regulation version and assessment date.
- 绝不能在部分合规时报告PASS — 若有任何一项不通过,结果即为CONDITIONAL或FAIL;部分合规会掩盖违规问题。
- 必须包含明确责任人的整改任务 — 模糊的问题发现无法推动修复;每一项FAIL/CONDITIONAL结果都必须明确整改责任人及整改方式。
- 绝不能跳过跨司法管辖区检查 — GDPR、CCPA及20余项美国州级法律可能同时适用;需明确记录检查范围。
- 必须在设计阶段验证Privacy-by-Design — 部署后再补加隐私保护成本更高且效果更差。
- 绝不能将无障碍性视为可选要求 — 不符合ADA/WCAG合规性会带来实际诉讼风险(2025年上半年ADA诉讼量增长37%);所有面向公众的界面必须经过验证。
- 必须记录所依据的法规版本及评估日期 — 监管指南会不断更新;每份报告都需标注所依据的法规版本及评估日期。
Workflow
工作流程
Step 1: Scope Definition
步骤1:范围定义
Define which regulations apply to the subject of the assessment:
markdown
undefined确定评估对象适用的法规:
markdown
undefinedCompliance Scope
合规范围
- Subject: [System / Feature / DPA / Interface being assessed]
- Jurisdictions: [EU / California / Virginia / Colorado / Other states]
- Applicable Regulations:
- GDPR (EU General Data Protection Regulation)
- CCPA/CPRA (California Consumer Privacy Act / California Privacy Rights Act)
- US State Laws (VCDPA, CPA, CTDPA, etc.)
- ADA / Section 508 (US accessibility)
- WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
- DPA Review (vendor data processing agreement)
- Personal Data Categories Involved: [list data types]
- Assessment Date: [YYYY-MM-DD]
- Regulation Versions Referenced: [e.g., GDPR as amended 2024, CPRA effective 2023]
undefined- 评估对象: [待评估的系统/功能/DPA/界面]
- 司法管辖区: [欧盟/加州/弗吉尼亚州/科罗拉多州/其他州]
- 适用法规:
- GDPR (欧盟通用数据保护条例)
- CCPA/CPRA (加州消费者隐私法案/加州隐私权利法案)
- 美国州级法律 (VCDPA, CPA, CTDPA, etc.)
- ADA / 第508条 (美国无障碍标准)
- WCAG 2.1/2.2 AA (网页内容无障碍指南)
- DPA评审 (供应商数据处理协议)
- 涉及的个人数据类别: [列出数据类型]
- 评估日期: [YYYY-MM-DD]
- 参考的法规版本: [例如: 2024年修订版GDPR, 2023年生效的CPRA]
undefinedStep 2: GDPR/CCPA Compliance Checklist
步骤2:GDPR/CCPA合规性检查清单
Execute checklist items relevant to the assessed subject:
执行与评估对象相关的检查清单项:
Data Inventory & Mapping
数据清单与映射
- All personal data types cataloged (name, email, IP, behavioral data, biometrics, etc.)
- Data flows documented: collection → processing → storage → sharing → deletion
- Purpose for each data type explicitly defined and limited
- Legal basis for processing documented (consent, legitimate interest, contract, legal obligation)
- Data retention periods defined per data type
- 已分类所有个人数据类型(姓名、邮箱、IP地址、行为数据、生物识别数据等)
- 已记录数据流:收集→处理→存储→共享→删除
- 已明确界定并限制每种数据类型的使用目的
- 已记录数据处理的法律依据(同意、合法利益、合同、法定义务)
- 已为每种数据类型定义保留期限
Consent Management
同意管理
- GDPR: Granular consent obtained per processing purpose (not blanket acceptance)
- GDPR: Consent as easy to withdraw as to give (one-click unsubscribe)
- CCPA: Opt-out mechanism present for data sale/sharing ("Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information")
- Consent records maintained (who consented, when, to what)
- Cookie consent implemented for tracking cookies (GDPR only)
- GDPR:针对每项处理目的获取精细化同意(而非一次性全盘接受)
- GDPR:撤回同意与给予同意同样便捷(一键取消订阅)
- CCPA:提供数据销售/共享的退出机制("请勿销售或共享我的个人信息")
- 已留存同意记录(谁、何时、对什么内容表示同意)
- 已为追踪Cookie实现Cookie同意机制(仅适用于GDPR)
Consumer Rights Processing
消费者权利处理
- Right of access request mechanism exists (DSR/DSAR portal or process)
- Right to deletion honored within required timeframe (GDPR: 30 days, CCPA: 45 days)
- Right to portability supported (GDPR: structured, machine-readable format)
- Right to correct/rectify inaccurate data supported
- DSR records maintained for 24+ months (audit trail)
- 存在访问请求机制(DSR/DSAR门户或流程)
- 在规定时限内履行删除权(GDPR:30天,CCPA:45天)
- 支持数据可携权(GDPR:结构化、机器可读格式)
- 支持更正/修正不准确数据的权利
- DSR记录留存24个月以上(审计追踪)
Third-Party & Vendor Management
第三方与供应商管理
- DPAs in place with all vendors processing personal data
- Vendor list maintained and reviewed annually
- Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) present for international data transfers
- Sub-processor notifications in DPAs
- 与所有处理个人数据的供应商签订DPA
- 维护供应商列表并每年评审
- 国际数据传输包含标准合同条款(SCC)
- DPA中包含子处理器通知条款
Security Requirements
安全要求
- Reasonable security measures implemented (encryption at rest and in transit)
- Access controls and principle of least privilege enforced
- Breach notification procedure documented (GDPR: 72 hours to supervisory authority)
- Security risk assessment conducted for processing activities
- 已实施合理的安全措施(静态数据与传输数据加密)
- 实施访问控制与最小权限原则
- 已记录数据泄露通知流程(GDPR:72小时内通知监管机构)
- 已针对处理活动开展安全风险评估
Step 3: Privacy-by-Design Review
步骤3:Privacy-by-Design评审
Evaluate against Ann Cavoukian's 7 Foundational Principles:
| Principle | Assessment |
|---|---|
| 1. Proactive, not reactive | Is privacy built in from design stage, not added after? |
| 2. Privacy as default | Is the most privacy-protective setting the default? |
| 3. Privacy embedded in design | Is privacy integral to system architecture, not a bolt-on? |
| 4. Full functionality | Does privacy coexist with legitimate business objectives? |
| 5. End-to-end security | Is full lifecycle security ensured from collection to deletion? |
| 6. Visibility & transparency | Are policies and practices open and verifiable? |
| 7. Respect for user privacy | Is user-centricity maintained in all design decisions? |
Record each principle as: Implemented / Partial / Missing / Not Applicable
依据Ann Cavoukian的7项基础原则进行评估:
| 原则 | 评估内容 |
|---|---|
| 1. 主动防护而非被动补救 | 隐私保护是否从设计阶段就内置其中,而非事后添加? |
| 2. 隐私默认保护 | 最具隐私保护性的设置是否为默认设置? |
| 3. 隐私嵌入设计 | 隐私保护是否是系统架构的组成部分,而非附加组件? |
| 4. 功能完整性 | 隐私保护是否与合法业务目标共存? |
| 5. 端到端安全 | 是否确保从数据收集到删除的全生命周期安全? |
| 6. 可见性与透明度 | 政策与实践是否公开且可验证? |
| 7. 尊重用户隐私 | 所有设计决策是否始终以用户为中心? |
每项原则的记录状态为:已实现/部分实现/未实现/不适用
Step 4: ADA/WCAG Accessibility Audit
步骤4:ADA/WCAG无障碍性审计
Evaluate against WCAG 2.1 AA (minimum standard) / WCAG 2.2 AA (current standard):
依据WCAG 2.1 AA(最低标准)/ WCAG 2.2 AA(当前标准)进行评估:
POUR Principles
POUR原则
- Perceivable: All non-text content has text alternatives; audio/video has captions/transcripts; content is not restricted to color alone; minimum 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text
- Operable: All functionality available via keyboard; no keyboard traps; skip navigation links present; sufficient time to interact; no content that seizures (no flashing >3Hz)
- Understandable: Language of page set in HTML; error messages are descriptive and helpful; consistent navigation across pages; form labels and instructions clear
- Robust: Valid HTML/ARIA; compatible with current assistive technologies; ARIA labels and roles correctly applied
- 可感知: 所有非文本内容配有文本替代方案;音频/视频配有字幕/文字记录;内容不单纯依赖颜色区分;普通文本的对比度至少为4.5:1
- 可操作: 所有功能可通过键盘访问;无键盘陷阱;提供跳过导航链接;有足够的交互时间;无引发癫痫的内容(闪烁频率不超过3Hz)
- 可理解: 页面语言在HTML中设置;错误消息描述性强且有帮助;跨页面导航一致;表单标签与说明清晰
- 健壮性: HTML/ARIA代码有效;与当前辅助技术兼容;正确应用ARIA标签与角色
AI Interface Specific (2025+)
AI界面专项要求(2025+)
- Chatbot interfaces keyboard accessible and screen reader compatible
- AI-generated content has proper semantic structure
- Alt text provided for AI-generated images
- Voice interfaces have visual alternatives
- 聊天机器人界面可通过键盘访问且兼容屏幕阅读器
- AI生成内容具有恰当的语义结构
- AI生成图片配有替代文本
- 语音界面配有视觉替代方案
Severity Classification for Accessibility
无障碍问题严重程度分类
- CRITICAL: Completely blocks access for users with disabilities (missing keyboard navigation, no screen reader support)
- HIGH: Significantly impedes usage (poor contrast, missing alt text on key images)
- MEDIUM: Creates friction but workarounds exist (missing skip links, inconsistent labels)
- LOW: Best practice improvement (decorative image has non-empty alt text)
- 严重: 完全阻碍残障用户访问(缺少键盘导航、不支持屏幕阅读器)
- 高: 严重阻碍使用(对比度差、关键图片缺少替代文本)
- 中: 造成使用障碍但存在替代方案(缺少跳过导航链接、标签不一致)
- 低: 最佳实践优化(装饰性图片的替代文本非空)
Step 5: DPA Validation Checklist
步骤5:DPA验证检查清单
If reviewing a Data Processing Agreement:
若评审数据处理协议:
Required DPA Elements (GDPR Article 28)
DPA必备要素(GDPR第28条)
- Parties clearly identified (controller name/address, processor name/address)
- Subject matter, nature, and purpose of processing defined
- Type of personal data and categories of data subjects specified
- Duration of processing specified
- Controller obligations and rights documented
- Processor obligations:
- Process only on documented controller instructions
- Ensure confidentiality of processing personnel
- Implement appropriate technical/organizational security measures
- Sub-processor rules: require prior written consent; flow-down obligations
- Assist controller with DSARs and Article 32-36 obligations
- Delete or return data at end of service
- Provide audit cooperation and information
- International transfer mechanism specified (SCCs, adequacy decision, etc.)
- Breach notification procedure: processor notifies controller without undue delay
- DPA update trigger: reviewed annually or upon significant processing changes
- 明确识别协议双方(控制方名称/地址、处理方名称/地址)
- 界定处理的标的、性质与目的
- 指定个人数据类型与数据主体类别
- 指定处理期限
- 记录控制方的义务与权利
- 处理方义务:
- 仅依据控制方的书面指令处理数据
- 确保处理人员的保密性
- 实施适当的技术/组织安全措施
- 子处理器规则:需事先书面同意;向下传递义务
- 协助控制方履行DSAR及GDPR第32-36条义务
- 服务结束时删除或返还数据
- 提供审计合作与相关信息
- 指定国际数据传输机制(SCC、充分性决定等)
- 数据泄露通知流程:处理方无不当延迟地通知控制方
- DPA更新触发条件:每年评审或处理活动发生重大变化时评审
DPA Quality Flags
DPA质量标识
- No vague processing descriptions ("process data as needed") — specificity required
- Security measures described with appropriate detail (encryption, access controls, staff training)
- Sub-processor list available and maintained
- Transfer Impact Assessment (TIA) conducted for high-risk countries
- 无模糊的处理描述(如"按需处理数据")——需明确具体
- 安全措施描述详细恰当(加密、访问控制、员工培训)
- 可获取并维护子处理器列表
- 针对高风险国家开展传输影响评估(TIA)
Step 6: Regulatory Monitoring Guidance
步骤6:监管变化监控指南
Provide guidance on maintaining ongoing compliance:
提供持续合规性维护指南:
Monitoring Sources
监控来源
- GDPR: European Data Protection Board (EDPB) — https://edpb.europa.eu/
- CCPA/CPRA: California Privacy Protection Agency — https://cppa.ca.gov/
- US State Laws: IAPP State Privacy Legislation Tracker — https://iapp.org/resources/article/us-state-privacy-legislation-tracker/
- WCAG: W3C WAI — https://www.w3.org/WAI/
- ADA: US DOJ ADA.gov — https://www.ada.gov/
- GDPR: 欧洲数据保护委员会(EDPB)— https://edpb.europa.eu/
- CCPA/CPRA: 加州隐私保护局— https://cppa.ca.gov/
- 美国州级法律: IAPP美国州级隐私立法追踪器— https://iapp.org/resources/article/us-state-privacy-legislation-tracker/
- WCAG: W3C无障碍倡议(WAI)— https://www.w3.org/WAI/
- ADA: 美国司法部ADA.gov— https://www.ada.gov/
Monitoring Cadence
监控频率
- Monthly: Review enforcement actions from supervisory authorities
- Quarterly: Check for new or amended state privacy laws
- Annually: Full DPA review with all processors; full accessibility audit
- On Change: Re-assess whenever data processing activities, vendors, or interfaces change materially
- 每月: 评审监管机构的执法行动
- 每季度: 检查新出台或修订的州级隐私法律
- 每年: 与所有处理方开展全面DPA评审;开展全面无障碍性审计
- 变更时: 当数据处理活动、供应商或界面发生重大变更时重新评估
Step 7: Produce Compliance Decision
步骤7:生成合规性决策
Output one of three decisions:
json
{
"decision": "PASS | CONDITIONAL | FAIL",
"regulationsAssessed": ["GDPR", "CCPA", "WCAG 2.1 AA", "DPA"],
"assessmentDate": "YYYY-MM-DD",
"findings": [
{
"id": "RC-001",
"regulation": "GDPR",
"severity": "CRITICAL | HIGH | MEDIUM | LOW",
"category": "Consent Management",
"description": "Cookie consent banner missing for analytics tracking cookies",
"status": "FAIL",
"remediation": "Implement cookie consent platform with granular purpose-based opt-in",
"owner": "developer",
"deadline": "Before next deployment"
}
],
"requiredMitigations": [],
"evidencePaths": [".claude/context/reports/compliance/"],
"regulatoryLinks": [
"https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2023/guidelines-032023-deceptive-design-patterns_en"
],
"nextReviewDate": "YYYY-MM-DD",
"recommendedNextStep": "Assign RC-001 to developer agent; re-assess after remediation"
}Decision Rules:
- : All applicable checklist items verified, no open findings
PASS - : Minor or medium findings present; allowed to proceed with documented remediation plan
CONDITIONAL - : Critical or high findings present; must remediate before deployment
FAIL
输出以下三种决策之一:
json
{
"decision": "PASS | CONDITIONAL | FAIL",
"regulationsAssessed": ["GDPR", "CCPA", "WCAG 2.1 AA", "DPA"],
"assessmentDate": "YYYY-MM-DD",
"findings": [
{
"id": "RC-001",
"regulation": "GDPR",
"severity": "CRITICAL | HIGH | MEDIUM | LOW",
"category": "Consent Management",
"description": "Cookie consent banner missing for analytics tracking cookies",
"status": "FAIL",
"remediation": "Implement cookie consent platform with granular purpose-based opt-in",
"owner": "developer",
"deadline": "Before next deployment"
}
],
"requiredMitigations": [],
"evidencePaths": [".claude/context/reports/compliance/"],
"regulatoryLinks": [
"https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/documents/public-consultations/2023/guidelines-032023-deceptive-design-patterns_en"
],
"nextReviewDate": "YYYY-MM-DD",
"recommendedNextStep": "Assign RC-001 to developer agent; re-assess after remediation"
}决策规则:
- : 所有适用的检查项均通过验证,无未解决问题
PASS - : 存在轻微或中等问题;可在记录整改计划后继续推进
CONDITIONAL - : 存在严重或高风险问题;必须在部署前完成整改
FAIL
Output Protocol
输出协议
Report Location
报告存储位置
Save compliance reports to:
.claude/context/reports/compliance/Naming:
{subject}-compliance-{YYYY-MM-DD}.md合规报告保存至:
.claude/context/reports/compliance/命名规则:
{评估对象}-compliance-{YYYY-MM-DD}.mdReport Sections (Required)
报告必备章节
- Scope definition (Step 1 output)
- GDPR/CCPA checklist results (Step 2)
- Privacy-by-design assessment (Step 3)
- Accessibility audit results (Step 4, if applicable)
- DPA validation (Step 5, if applicable)
- Structured decision JSON (Step 7)
- Remediation task list with owners and deadlines
- Regulatory monitoring recommendations
- 范围定义(步骤1输出)
- GDPR/CCPA检查清单结果(步骤2)
- Privacy-by-Design评估(步骤3)
- 无障碍性审计结果(步骤4,如适用)
- DPA验证结果(步骤5,如适用)
- 结构化决策JSON(步骤7)
- 包含责任人与截止日期的整改任务列表
- 监管变化监控建议
Anti-Patterns
反模式
| Anti-Pattern | Why It Fails | Correct Approach |
|---|---|---|
| Checking GDPR only, ignoring CCPA/state laws | Multi-jurisdiction exposure missed | Always assess all applicable jurisdictions |
| Reporting PASS when most items pass | Partial compliance is non-compliance | CONDITIONAL/FAIL for any open finding |
| Generic "implement encryption" remediation | Developer cannot act on vague guidance | Specific: "AES-256 encryption for PII fields in users table" |
| One-time audit treated as ongoing compliance | Regulations change quarterly | Establish continuous monitoring cadence |
| Treating accessibility as a nice-to-have | ADA lawsuits are an active legal risk | WCAG 2.1 AA compliance is non-negotiable for public interfaces |
| DPA with vague processing description | Regulators reject vague DPAs | Specify exact data types, processing purpose, retention periods |
| 反模式 | 失败原因 | 正确做法 |
|---|---|---|
| 仅检查GDPR,忽略CCPA/州级法律 | 遗漏跨司法管辖区合规风险 | 始终评估所有适用的司法管辖区 |
| 多数项通过即报告PASS | 部分合规仍属违规 | 存在任何未解决问题均标记为CONDITIONAL/FAIL |
| 泛泛的"实施加密"整改建议 | 开发人员无法依据模糊指导采取行动 | 具体明确:"对用户表中的PII字段采用AES-256加密" |
| 将一次性审计视为持续合规 | 法规每季度都会变化 | 建立持续监控机制 |
| 将无障碍性视为可选功能 | ADA诉讼是实际存在的法律风险 | 面向公众的界面必须符合WCAG 2.1 AA合规要求 |
| DPA中包含模糊的处理描述 | 监管机构不接受模糊的DPA | 明确指定确切的数据类型、处理目的与保留期限 |
Enforcement Hooks
执行钩子
Input validated against before execution.
Output contract defined in .
Pre-execution hook:
Post-execution hook: (emits observability event)
schemas/input.schema.jsonschemas/output.schema.jsonhooks/pre-execute.cjshooks/post-execute.cjs执行前依据验证输入。
输出契约定义于。
执行前钩子:
执行后钩子:(发送可观测事件)
schemas/input.schema.jsonschemas/output.schema.jsonhooks/pre-execute.cjshooks/post-execute.cjsMemory Protocol
内存协议
Before starting:
bash
cat .claude/context/memory/learnings.mdCheck for:
- Previous compliance assessments on similar systems
- Known regulatory patterns and documented decisions
- Outstanding compliance blockers in issues.md
After completing:
- New compliance findings → Append to
.claude/context/memory/issues.md - Regulatory decisions → Append to
.claude/context/memory/decisions.md - Successful compliance patterns → Append to
.claude/context/memory/learnings.md
ASSUME INTERRUPTION: Your context may reset. If it's not in memory, it didn't happen.
开始前:
bash
cat .claude/context/memory/learnings.md检查内容:
- 类似系统的过往合规性评估
- 已知的监管模式与已记录的决策
- issues.md中未解决的合规性障碍
完成后:
- 新的合规性问题 → 追加至
.claude/context/memory/issues.md - 监管决策 → 追加至
.claude/context/memory/decisions.md - 成功的合规模式 → 追加至
.claude/context/memory/learnings.md
中断假设:上下文可能会重置。若未记录在内存中,则视为未发生。