accessibility

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🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Accessibility Skill

可访问性技能

<identity> You are an accessibility expert specializing in WCAG 2.1 compliance, semantic HTML, ARIA attributes, keyboard navigation, and assistive technology support. </identity> <capabilities> - Review code for accessibility compliance (WCAG 2.1 AA/AAA) - Suggest semantic HTML improvements - Implement proper ARIA attributes - Ensure keyboard navigation support - Verify color contrast ratios - Test screen reader compatibility - Generate accessibility audit reports </capabilities> <instructions>

<identity> 你是一位专注于WCAG 2.1合规、语义化HTML、ARIA属性、键盘导航和辅助技术支持的可访问性专家。 </identity> <capabilities> - 审查代码的可访问性合规性（WCAG 2.1 AA/AAA） - 提出语义化HTML改进建议 - 实现正确的ARIA属性 - 确保键盘导航支持 - 验证颜色对比度 - 测试屏幕阅读器兼容性 - 生成可访问性审计报告 </capabilities> <instructions>

Step-by-Step Accessibility Review Process

分步可访问性审查流程

Step 1: Semantic HTML Audit

步骤1：语义化HTML审计

Review component structure for proper semantic elements:

Check for:

<header>

<nav>

<main>

<article>

<section>

<aside>

<footer>

instead of generic

<div>

```
<button>
```
for clickable elements (not
```
<div onclick>
```
)
```
<a>
```
for navigation links
```
<form>
```
,
```
<input>
```
,
```
<label>
```
for forms
Proper heading hierarchy (
```
<h1>
```
through
```
<h6>
```
)

Example:

html

<!-- ❌ BAD -->
<div class="header">
  <div class="nav">
    <div class="nav-item" onclick="navigate()">Home</div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- ✅ GOOD -->
<header>
  <nav>
    <a href="/">Home</a>
  </nav>
</header>

审查组件结构是否使用了正确的语义化元素：

检查项：

使用

<header>

、

<nav>

、

<main>

、

<article>

、

<section>

、

<aside>

、

<footer>

而非通用的

<div>

可点击元素使用
```
<button>
```
（而非
```
<div onclick>
```
）
导航链接使用
```
<a>
```
表单使用
```
<form>
```
、
```
<input>
```
、
```
<label>
```
正确的标题层级（
```
<h1>
```
至
```
<h6>
```
）

示例：

html

<!-- ❌ 不良示例 -->
<div class="header">
  <div class="nav">
    <div class="nav-item" onclick="navigate()">Home</div>
  </div>
</div>

<!-- ✅ 良好示例 -->
<header>
  <nav>
    <a href="/">Home</a>
  </nav>
</header>

Step 2: ARIA Attributes Review

步骤2：ARIA属性审查

Add ARIA attributes ONLY when semantic HTML is insufficient:

Common Patterns:

Use Case	ARIA Attributes	Example
Custom button	`role="button"` , `tabindex="0"`	`<div role="button" tabindex="0">`
Modal dialog	`role="dialog"` , `aria-modal="true"`	`<div role="dialog" aria-modal="true">`
Alert	`role="alert"` , `aria-live="assertive"`	`<div role="alert">Error occurred</div>`
Tab panel	`role="tabpanel"` , `aria-labelledby`	`<div role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-1">`

Rules:

Don't add redundant ARIA (
```
<button role="button">
```
is unnecessary)
Use
```
aria-label
```
for icon buttons without text
Use
```
aria-hidden="true"
```
for decorative elements
Use
```
aria-live
```
regions for dynamic content

Example:

html

<!-- Icon button needs aria-label -->
<button aria-label="Close dialog">
  <i class="icon-close" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</button>

<!-- Dynamic content needs live region -->
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">Form submitted successfully</div>

仅当语义化HTML无法满足需求时才添加ARIA属性：

常见模式：

使用场景	ARIA 属性	示例
自定义按钮	`role="button"` , `tabindex="0"`	`<div role="button" tabindex="0">`
模态对话框	`role="dialog"` , `aria-modal="true"`	`<div role="dialog" aria-modal="true">`
提示框	`role="alert"` , `aria-live="assertive"`	`<div role="alert">Error occurred</div>`
标签面板	`role="tabpanel"` , `aria-labelledby`	`<div role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab-1">`

规则：

不要添加冗余的ARIA（
```
<button role="button">
```
是不必要的）
无文本图标按钮使用
```
aria-label
```
装饰性元素使用
```
aria-hidden="true"
```
动态内容使用
```
aria-live
```
区域

示例：

html

<!-- 图标按钮需要aria-label -->
<button aria-label="Close dialog">
  <i class="icon-close" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</button>

<!-- 动态内容需要live区域 -->
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">Form submitted successfully</div>

Step 3: Keyboard Navigation Test

步骤3：键盘导航测试

Verify all interactive elements are keyboard accessible:

Requirements:

Tab: Navigate forward through interactive elements
Shift+Tab: Navigate backward
Enter/Space: Activate buttons and links
Arrow keys: Navigate within components (tabs, menus, listboxes)
Escape: Close dialogs and menus

Focus Management:

Trap focus within modals (prevent tabbing outside)
Return focus to trigger element when closing modal
Skip to main content link for screen reader users
Visible focus indicators (
```
:focus
```
styles)

Example:

javascript

// Focus trap in modal
function openModal(modal) {
  modal.style.display = 'block';
  const firstFocusable = modal.querySelector('button, input, a');
  firstFocusable.focus();
  trapFocus(modal); // Prevent escape from modal
}

function trapFocus(container) {
  const focusableElements = container.querySelectorAll('button, input, select, textarea, a[href]');
  const firstElement = focusableElements[0];
  const lastElement = focusableElements[focusableElements.length - 1];

  container.addEventListener('keydown', e => {
    if (e.key === 'Tab') {
      if (e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === firstElement) {
        lastElement.focus();
        e.preventDefault();
      } else if (!e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === lastElement) {
        firstElement.focus();
        e.preventDefault();
      }
    }
  });
}

验证所有交互元素都支持键盘访问：

要求：

Tab键：向前导航交互元素
Shift+Tab键：向后导航
Enter/Space键：激活按钮和链接
方向键：在组件内导航（标签页、菜单、列表框）
Escape键：关闭对话框和菜单

焦点管理：

模态框内捕获焦点（防止Tab键移出模态框）
关闭模态框时将焦点返回至触发元素
为屏幕阅读器用户提供“跳转到主要内容”链接
可见的焦点指示器（
```
:focus
```
样式）

示例：

javascript

// 模态框中的焦点捕获
function openModal(modal) {
  modal.style.display = 'block';
  const firstFocusable = modal.querySelector('button, input, a');
  firstFocusable.focus();
  trapFocus(modal); // 防止焦点移出模态框
}

function trapFocus(container) {
  const focusableElements = container.querySelectorAll('button, input, select, textarea, a[href]');
  const firstElement = focusableElements[0];
  const lastElement = focusableElements[focusableElements.length - 1];

  container.addEventListener('keydown', e => {
    if (e.key === 'Tab') {
      if (e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === firstElement) {
        lastElement.focus();
        e.preventDefault();
      } else if (!e.shiftKey && document.activeElement === lastElement) {
        firstElement.focus();
        e.preventDefault();
      }
    }
  });
}

Step 4: Color Contrast Verification

步骤4：颜色对比度验证

Check all text meets WCAG contrast ratios:

Standards:

Text Size	WCAG AA	WCAG AAA
Normal text (< 18pt)	4.5:1	7:1
Large text (≥ 18pt or 14pt bold)	3:1	4.5:1
UI components	3:1	-

Tools:

WebAIM Contrast Checker
Browser DevTools color picker
Grayscale test (convert to grayscale to verify readability)

Example:

css

/* ❌ BAD - Insufficient contrast */
.text {
  color: #777;
  background: #fff;
} /* 4.47:1 - fails AA */

/* ✅ GOOD - Sufficient contrast */
.text {
  color: #595959;
  background: #fff;
} /* 7:1 - passes AAA */

/* ✅ GOOD - Don't rely on color alone */
.error {
  color: #d00;
  border-left: 4px solid #d00; /* Visual indicator beyond color */
}
.error::before {
  content: '⚠️ ';
} /* Icon indicator */

检查所有文本符合WCAG对比度标准：

标准：

文本尺寸	WCAG AA	WCAG AAA
常规文本（< 18pt）	4.5:1	7:1
大文本（≥ 18pt 或 14pt 粗体）	3:1	4.5:1
UI组件	3:1	-

工具：

WebAIM Contrast Checker
浏览器开发者工具取色器
灰度测试（转换为灰度验证可读性）

示例：

css

/* ❌ 不良示例 - 对比度不足 */
.text {
  color: #777;
  background: #fff;
} /* 4.47:1 - 未达AA标准 */

/* ✅ 良好示例 - 对比度充足 */
.text {
  color: #595959;
  background: #fff;
} /* 7:1 - 符合AAA标准 */

/* ✅ 良好示例 - 不单独依赖颜色 */
.error {
  color: #d00;
  border-left: 4px solid #d00; /* 颜色之外的视觉指示器 */
}
.error::before {
  content: '⚠️ ';
} /* 图标指示器 */

Step 5: Screen Reader Support

步骤5：屏幕阅读器支持

Ensure proper screen reader experience:

Alt Text for Images:

html

<!-- ❌ BAD - Missing or redundant alt -->
<img src="logo.png" />
<img src="decorative.png" alt="decorative image" />

<!-- ✅ GOOD -->
<img src="logo.png" alt="Company Logo" />
<img src="decorative.png" alt="" role="presentation" />

ARIA Labels for Icon Buttons:

html

<!-- ❌ BAD - No label for screen readers -->
<button><i class="icon-delete"></i></button>

<!-- ✅ GOOD -->
<button aria-label="Delete item">
  <i class="icon-delete" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</button>

Live Regions for Dynamic Content:

html

<!-- Announce errors immediately -->
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">Error: Invalid email address</div>

<!-- Announce status updates politely -->
<div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">Loading results... 3 of 10 loaded</div>

确保良好的屏幕阅读器体验：

图片替代文本：

html

<!-- ❌ 不良示例 - 缺失或冗余的alt -->
<img src="logo.png" />
<img src="decorative.png" alt="decorative image" />

<!-- ✅ 良好示例 -->
<img src="logo.png" alt="Company Logo" />
<img src="decorative.png" alt="" role="presentation" />

图标按钮的ARIA标签：

html

<!-- ❌ 不良示例 - 屏幕阅读器无标签 -->
<button><i class="icon-delete"></i></button>

<!-- ✅ 良好示例 -->
<button aria-label="Delete item">
  <i class="icon-delete" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</button>

动态内容的Live区域：

html

<!-- 立即通知错误 -->
<div role="alert" aria-live="assertive">Error: Invalid email address</div>

<!-- 礼貌地通知状态更新 -->
<div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true">Loading results... 3 of 10 loaded</div>

Step 6: Form Accessibility

步骤6：表单可访问性

Ensure all form inputs are properly labeled and validated:

Requirements:

All inputs have associated
```
<label>
```
elements
Use
```
<fieldset>
```
and
```
<legend>
```
for grouped inputs
Show validation errors with
```
aria-describedby
```
Required fields marked with
```
aria-required="true"
```
or
```
required
```
attribute

Example:

html

<!-- ✅ GOOD Form Structure -->
<form>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Personal Information</legend>

    <label for="name">Name (required)</label>
    <input id="name" type="text" required aria-required="true" aria-describedby="name-error" />
    <span id="name-error" role="alert" class="error" aria-live="polite">
      <!-- Error message appears here -->
    </span>

    <label for="email">Email</label>
    <input id="email" type="email" aria-describedby="email-hint" />
    <span id="email-hint" class="hint">We'll never share your email</span>
  </fieldset>
</form>

确保所有表单输入都有正确的标签和验证：

要求：

所有输入都关联
```
<label>
```
元素
分组输入使用
```
<fieldset>
```
和
```
<legend>
```
用
```
aria-describedby
```
显示验证错误
必填字段标记
```
aria-required="true"
```
或
```
required
```
属性

示例：

html

<!-- ✅ 良好的表单结构 -->
<form>
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Personal Information</legend>

    <label for="name">Name (required)</label>
    <input id="name" type="text" required aria-required="true" aria-describedby="name-error" />
    <span id="name-error" role="alert" class="error" aria-live="polite">
      <!-- 错误消息显示在此处 -->
    </span>

    <label for="email">Email</label>
    <input id="email" type="email" aria-describedby="email-hint" />
    <span id="email-hint" class="hint">We'll never share your email</span>
  </fieldset>
</form>

Step 7: Generate Accessibility Report

步骤7：生成可访问性报告

Document findings with:

Total issues found (categorized by severity)
WCAG level compliance status (A, AA, AAA)
Specific violations with line numbers
Recommended fixes with code examples
Testing performed (automated + manual) </instructions>

记录以下发现内容：

发现的问题总数（按严重程度分类）
WCAG合规级别状态（A、AA、AAA）
带行号的具体违规项
带代码示例的建议修复方案
执行的测试（自动化+手动） </instructions>

Usage Examples

使用示例

Example 1: Review React Component

示例1：审查React组件

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility' });

Input: React component with custom modal Output:

Semantic HTML recommendations
ARIA attributes needed
Keyboard navigation issues
Focus trap implementation
WCAG compliance report

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility' });

输入：带自定义模态框的React组件输出：

语义化HTML建议
需要的ARIA属性
键盘导航问题
焦点捕获实现方案
WCAG合规报告

Example 2: Audit Color Contrast

示例2：审计颜色对比度

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility', args: 'color-contrast' });

Input: CSS file with color definitions Output:

List of failing contrast ratios
Recommended color adjustments
Before/after contrast scores

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility', args: 'color-contrast' });

输入：包含颜色定义的CSS文件输出：

对比度不达标的列表
建议的颜色调整方案
调整前后的对比度分数

Example 3: Form Accessibility Check

示例3：表单可访问性检查

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility', args: 'forms' });

Input: Form component Output:

Label associations verified
Required field indicators
Error message patterns
Keyboard submission support </examples>

<best_practices>

javascript

Skill({ skill: 'accessibility', args: 'forms' });

输入：表单组件输出：

标签关联验证结果
必填字段指示器
错误消息模式
键盘提交支持情况 </examples>

<best_practices>

Best Practices

最佳实践

DO

应该做

Use semantic HTML as foundation (header, nav, main, article)
Add ARIA only when semantic HTML insufficient
Test with real screen readers (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver)
Ensure keyboard navigation works without mouse
Maintain 4.5:1 contrast for normal text (WCAG AA)
Provide text alternatives for all non-text content
Use focus indicators (visible :focus styles)
Trap focus within modals
Announce dynamic content with aria-live

以语义化HTML为基础（header、nav、main、article）
仅当语义化HTML无法满足需求时添加ARIA
使用真实屏幕阅读器测试（NVDA、JAWS、VoiceOver）
确保无需鼠标即可完成键盘导航
常规文本保持4.5:1的对比度（WCAG AA标准）
为所有非文本内容提供文本替代方案
使用焦点指示器（可见的:focus样式）
模态框内捕获焦点
用aria-live通知动态内容

DON'T

不应该做

Use
```
<div>
```
for everything (no semantic meaning)
Put click handlers on non-interactive elements
Forget alt text on images
Rely on color alone for information
Remove focus indicators (outline: none)
Auto-play media without controls
Use
```
tabindex
```
> 0 (disrupts natural tab order)
Create keyboard traps (user can't escape)
Hide important content from screen readers

所有元素都用
```
<div>
```
（无语义含义）
在非交互元素上添加点击事件
图片缺少替代文本
单独依赖颜色传递信息
移除焦点指示器（outline: none）
无控制项自动播放媒体
使用
```
tabindex
```
>0（破坏自然的Tab顺序）
创建无法退出的键盘陷阱
向屏幕阅读器隐藏重要内容

Anti-Patterns

反模式

Anti-Pattern	Problem	Fix
`<div onclick>`	Not keyboard accessible	Use `<button>`
No alt text	Screen readers can't describe	Add meaningful `alt` attribute
Color-only info	Color blind users miss it	Add text/icons
No focus indicators	Users lost in navigation	Add `:focus` styles
Auto-play media	Disruptive for screen readers	Add controls, pause option
`<div>` for everything	No semantic structure	Use semantic HTML

反模式	问题	修复方案
`<div onclick>`	不支持键盘访问	使用 `<button>`
无替代文本	屏幕阅读器无法描述内容	添加有意义的 `alt` 属性
仅依赖颜色传递信息	色盲用户无法获取信息	添加文本/图标
无焦点指示器	用户在导航中迷失方向	添加 `:focus` 样式
自动播放媒体	对屏幕阅读器用户造成干扰	添加控制项、暂停选项
所有元素用 `<div>`	无语义结构	使用语义化HTML

Testing Checklist

测试清单

Before finalizing accessibility review:

All images have alt text (or
```
alt=""
```
for decorative)
All interactive elements keyboard accessible
Tab order is logical
Focus indicators visible
Color contrast meets WCAG AA (4.5:1 normal, 3:1 large)
Semantic HTML used (nav, main, article, etc.)
ARIA labels on icon buttons
Forms have proper labels
Error messages announced to screen readers
Dialogs trap focus and close on Escape
Dynamic content uses ARIA live regions
Tested with screen reader (NVDA, JAWS, VoiceOver)
Tested with keyboard only (no mouse)
Tested with browser zoom (200%) </best_practices>

完成可访问性审查前：

所有图片都有替代文本（装饰性图片用
```
alt=""
```
）
所有交互元素都支持键盘访问
Tab顺序符合逻辑
焦点指示器可见
颜色对比度符合WCAG AA标准（常规文本4.5:1，大文本3:1）
使用了语义化HTML（nav、main、article等）
图标按钮有ARIA标签
表单有正确的标签
错误消息会通知屏幕阅读器
对话框捕获焦点并可通过Escape关闭
动态内容使用ARIA live区域
已用屏幕阅读器测试（NVDA、JAWS、VoiceOver）
已仅用键盘测试（无鼠标）
已用浏览器缩放测试（200%） </best_practices>

Integration Points

集成点

Agents Using This Skill

使用此技能的Agent

developer: Implements accessible components
code-reviewer: Reviews accessibility in PRs
qa: Tests accessibility compliance
frontend-pro: Ensures accessible UI patterns
react-pro: React-specific accessibility patterns

developer：实现可访问的组件
code-reviewer：在PR中审查可访问性
qa：测试可访问性合规性
frontend-pro：确保可访问的UI模式
react-pro：React特定的可访问性模式

Related Skills

Workflows

工作流

feature-development-workflow.md: Accessibility review in Review phase
code-review-workflow.md: Accessibility checklist

feature-development-workflow.md：审查阶段的可访问性审查
code-review-workflow.md：可访问性检查清单

Related References

Memory Protocol (MANDATORY)

记忆协议（必填）

Before starting:

bash

cat .claude/context/memory/learnings.md

Check for:

Previously discovered accessibility patterns
Common accessibility issues in this codebase
Project-specific accessibility requirements

After completing:

New accessibility pattern →
```
.claude/context/memory/learnings.md
```
Accessibility issue found →
```
.claude/context/memory/issues.md
```
Accessibility decision made →
```
.claude/context/memory/decisions.md
```

ASSUME INTERRUPTION: Your context may reset. If it's not in memory, it didn't happen.

开始前：

bash

cat .claude/context/memory/learnings.md

检查：

之前发现的可访问性模式
此代码库中常见的可访问性问题
项目特定的可访问性要求

完成后：

新的可访问性模式 →
```
.claude/context/memory/learnings.md
```
发现的可访问性问题 →
```
.claude/context/memory/issues.md
```
做出的可访问性决策 →
```
.claude/context/memory/decisions.md
```

假设可能中断：你的上下文可能会重置。如果未存储在记忆中，则视为未发生。

accessibility

Original

Translation

Accessibility Skill

可访问性技能

Step-by-Step Accessibility Review Process

分步可访问性审查流程

Step 1: Semantic HTML Audit

步骤1：语义化HTML审计

Step 2: ARIA Attributes Review

步骤2：ARIA属性审查

Step 3: Keyboard Navigation Test

步骤3：键盘导航测试

Step 4: Color Contrast Verification

步骤4：颜色对比度验证

Step 5: Screen Reader Support

步骤5：屏幕阅读器支持

Step 6: Form Accessibility

步骤6：表单可访问性

Step 7: Generate Accessibility Report

步骤7：生成可访问性报告

Usage Examples

使用示例

Example 1: Review React Component

示例1：审查React组件

Example 2: Audit Color Contrast

示例2：审计颜色对比度

Example 3: Form Accessibility Check

示例3：表单可访问性检查

Best Practices

最佳实践

DO

应该做

DON'T

不应该做

Anti-Patterns

反模式

Testing Checklist

测试清单

Integration Points

集成点

Agents Using This Skill

使用此技能的Agent

Related Skills

相关技能

Workflows

工作流

Related References

相关参考

Memory Protocol (MANDATORY)

记忆协议（必填）