nuqs
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Chinesenuqs Best Practices
nuqs 最佳实践
Type-safe URL query state management for React. Like , but stored in the URL.
useState面向React的类型安全URL查询状态管理工具,功能类似,但状态存储在URL中。
useStateSetup (Required First)
配置(必须优先完成)
Wrap your app with the appropriate adapter:
tsx
// Next.js App Router - app/layout.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/app'
export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
return <NuqsAdapter>{children}</NuqsAdapter>
}
// Next.js Pages Router - pages/_app.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/pages'
// React SPA (Vite/CRA)
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react'
// Remix - app/root.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/remix'
// React Router v6/v7
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react-router'使用对应框架的适配器包裹你的应用:
tsx
// Next.js App Router - app/layout.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/app'
export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
return <NuqsAdapter>{children}</NuqsAdapter>
}
// Next.js Pages Router - pages/_app.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/pages'
// React SPA (Vite/CRA)
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react'
// Remix - app/root.tsx
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/remix'
// React Router v6/v7
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/react-router'Global Options
全局配置
tsx
import { throttle } from 'nuqs'
<NuqsAdapter
defaultOptions={{
shallow: false, // notify server by default
scroll: true, // scroll to top on change
clearOnDefault: true, // remove param when equals default
limitUrlUpdates: throttle(250) // throttle URL updates
}}
>
{children}
</NuqsAdapter>tsx
import { throttle } from 'nuqs'
<NuqsAdapter
defaultOptions={{
shallow: false, // 默认通知服务端
scroll: true, // 状态变更时滚动到顶部
clearOnDefault: true, // 值等于默认值时自动移除参数
limitUrlUpdates: throttle(250) // 节流控制URL更新频率
}}
>
{children}
</NuqsAdapter>Core API
核心API
Single Parameter
单个参数
tsx
'use client'
import { useQueryState, parseAsInteger } from 'nuqs'
// String (default) - returns null | string
const [search, setSearch] = useQueryState('q')
// With parser + default (recommended)
const [page, setPage] = useQueryState('page', parseAsInteger.withDefault(1))
// Updates
setSearch('hello') // ?q=hello
setSearch(null) // removes param
setPage(p => p + 1) // functional update
await setPage(5) // returns Promise<URLSearchParams>tsx
'use client'
import { useQueryState, parseAsInteger } from 'nuqs'
// 字符串(默认类型)- 返回 null | string
const [search, setSearch] = useQueryState('q')
// 搭配解析器+默认值(推荐用法)
const [page, setPage] = useQueryState('page', parseAsInteger.withDefault(1))
// 更新操作
setSearch('hello') // ?q=hello
setSearch(null) // 移除参数
setPage(p => p + 1) // 函数式更新
await setPage(5) // 返回 Promise<URLSearchParams>Multiple Parameters
多个参数
tsx
import { useQueryStates, parseAsInteger, parseAsString } from 'nuqs'
const [filters, setFilters] = useQueryStates({
q: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1),
sort: parseAsString.withDefault('date')
})
// Partial updates
setFilters({ page: 1, sort: 'name' })
// Await batch update
const params = await setFilters({ page: 2 })
params.get('page') // '2'tsx
import { useQueryStates, parseAsInteger, parseAsString } from 'nuqs'
const [filters, setFilters] = useQueryStates({
q: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1),
sort: parseAsString.withDefault('date')
})
// 局部更新
setFilters({ page: 1, sort: 'name' })
// 等待批量更新完成
const params = await setFilters({ page: 2 })
params.get('page') // '2'Built-in Parsers
内置解析器
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| 解析器 | 类型 | URL示例 |
|---|---|---|
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Enum & Literal Examples
枚举与字面量示例
tsx
// String enum
enum Status { Active = 'active', Inactive = 'inactive' }
const [status] = useQueryState('status',
parseAsStringEnum(Object.values(Status)).withDefault(Status.Active)
)
// String literal (type-safe)
const sortOptions = ['asc', 'desc'] as const
const [sort] = useQueryState('sort',
parseAsStringLiteral(sortOptions).withDefault('asc')
)
// Number literal
const diceSides = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] as const
const [dice] = useQueryState('dice',
parseAsNumberLiteral(diceSides).withDefault(1)
)tsx
// 字符串枚举
enum Status { Active = 'active', Inactive = 'inactive' }
const [status] = useQueryState('status',
parseAsStringEnum(Object.values(Status)).withDefault(Status.Active)
)
// 字符串字面量(类型安全)
const sortOptions = ['asc', 'desc'] as const
const [sort] = useQueryState('sort',
parseAsStringLiteral(sortOptions).withDefault('asc')
)
// 数字字面量
const diceSides = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] as const
const [dice] = useQueryState('dice',
parseAsNumberLiteral(diceSides).withDefault(1)
)Arrays
数组
tsx
// Default comma separator: ?tags=react,typescript,nuqs
const [tags, setTags] = useQueryState('tags',
parseAsArrayOf(parseAsString).withDefault([])
)
// Custom separator: ?ids=1;2;3
const [ids] = useQueryState('ids',
parseAsArrayOf(parseAsInteger, ';').withDefault([])
)tsx
// 默认逗号分隔符: ?tags=react,typescript,nuqs
const [tags, setTags] = useQueryState('tags',
parseAsArrayOf(parseAsString).withDefault([])
)
// 自定义分隔符: ?ids=1;2;3
const [ids] = useQueryState('ids',
parseAsArrayOf(parseAsInteger, ';').withDefault([])
)Options
配置项
tsx
useQueryState('key', parseAsString.withOptions({
history: 'push', // 'push' | 'replace' (default)
shallow: false, // true (default) = client only, false = notify server
scroll: false, // scroll to top on change
throttleMs: 500, // throttle URL updates (min 50ms)
clearOnDefault: true, // remove param when equals default (default: true)
startTransition, // React useTransition for loading states
}))Options precedence: call-level > parser-level > hook-level > global adapter
tsx
// Parser-level options
const parser = parseAsString.withOptions({ shallow: false })
// Hook-level options
const [q, setQ] = useQueryState('q', parser, { history: 'push' })
// Call-level override (highest priority)
setQ('value', { shallow: true })tsx
useQueryState('key', parseAsString.withOptions({
history: 'push', // 取值为 'push' | 'replace' (默认)
shallow: false, // 默认为true=仅客户端更新,false=通知服务端
scroll: false, // 变更时滚动到顶部
throttleMs: 500, // 节流控制URL更新(最小50ms)
clearOnDefault: true, // 值等于默认值时移除参数(默认开启)
startTransition, // 搭配React useTransition实现加载状态
}))配置优先级:调用级别 > 解析器级别 > 钩子级别 > 全局适配器
tsx
// 解析器级别配置
const parser = parseAsString.withOptions({ shallow: false })
// 钩子级别配置
const [q, setQ] = useQueryState('q', parser, { history: 'push' })
// 调用级别覆盖(优先级最高)
setQ('value', { shallow: true })Functional Updates & Batching
函数式更新与批量更新
tsx
// Functional updates
setCount(c => c + 1)
setCount(c => c * 2) // Both batched in same tick
// Chained functional updates execute in order
function onClick() {
setCount(x => x + 1) // 0 → 1
setCount(x => x * 2) // 1 → 2
}
// Await updates
const search = await setFilters({ page: 2 })
search.get('page') // '2'tsx
// 函数式更新
setCount(c => c + 1)
setCount(c => c * 2) // 两次更新会在同一事件循环中批量执行
// 链式函数式更新按顺序执行
function onClick() {
setCount(x => x + 1) // 0 → 1
setCount(x => x * 2) // 1 → 2
}
// 等待更新完成
const search = await setFilters({ page: 2 })
search.get('page') // '2'Loading States with useTransition
搭配useTransition实现加载状态
tsx
'use client'
import { useTransition } from 'react'
import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from 'nuqs'
function Search({ results }) {
const [isLoading, startTransition] = useTransition()
const [query, setQuery] = useQueryState('q',
parseAsString.withOptions({
startTransition, // enables loading state
shallow: false // required for server updates
})
)
return (
<>
<input value={query ?? ''} onChange={e => setQuery(e.target.value)} />
{isLoading ? <Spinner /> : <Results data={results} />}
</>
)
}tsx
'use client'
import { useTransition } from 'react'
import { useQueryState, parseAsString } from 'nuqs'
function Search({ results }) {
const [isLoading, startTransition] = useTransition()
const [query, setQuery] = useQueryState('q',
parseAsString.withOptions({
startTransition, // 启用加载状态
shallow: false // 服务端更新必填
})
)
return (
<>
<input value={query ?? ''} onChange={e => setQuery(e.target.value)} />
{isLoading ? <Spinner /> : <Results data={results} />}
</>
)
}Custom Parsers
自定义解析器
Basic Custom Parser
基础自定义解析器
tsx
// Simple date parser
const parseAsDate = {
parse: (value: string) => new Date(value),
serialize: (date: Date) => date.toISOString().split('T')[0]
}
const [date, setDate] = useQueryState('date', parseAsDate)tsx
// 简易日期解析器
const parseAsDate = {
parse: (value: string) => new Date(value),
serialize: (date: Date) => date.toISOString().split('T')[0]
}
const [date, setDate] = useQueryState('date', parseAsDate)With createParser (for reference types)
使用createParser(针对引用类型)
For non-primitive types, provide function for to work:
eqclearOnDefaulttsx
import { createParser, parseAsStringLiteral } from 'nuqs'
// Date with equality check
const parseAsDate = createParser({
parse: (value: string) => new Date(value.slice(0, 10)),
serialize: (date: Date) => date.toISOString().slice(0, 10),
eq: (a: Date, b: Date) => a.getTime() === b.getTime()
})
// Complex type (e.g., TanStack Table sort state)
// URL: ?sort=name:asc → { id: 'name', desc: false }
const parseAsSort = createParser({
parse(query) {
const [id = '', dir = ''] = query.split(':')
return { id, desc: dir === 'desc' }
},
serialize(value) {
return `${value.id}:${value.desc ? 'desc' : 'asc'}`
},
eq(a, b) {
return a.id === b.id && a.desc === b.desc
}
})对于非原始类型,需要提供函数以保证功能正常工作:
eqclearOnDefaulttsx
import { createParser, parseAsStringLiteral } from 'nuqs'
// 带相等性判断的日期解析器
const parseAsDate = createParser({
parse: (value: string) => new Date(value.slice(0, 10)),
serialize: (date: Date) => date.toISOString().slice(0, 10),
eq: (a: Date, b: Date) => a.getTime() === b.getTime()
})
// 复杂类型(例如TanStack Table排序状态)
// URL: ?sort=name:asc → { id: 'name', desc: false }
const parseAsSort = createParser({
parse(query) {
const [id = '', dir = ''] = query.split(':')
return { id, desc: dir === 'desc' }
},
serialize(value) {
return `${value.id}:${value.desc ? 'desc' : 'asc'}`
},
eq(a, b) {
return a.id === b.id && a.desc === b.desc
}
})Server Components (Next.js)
服务端组件(Next.js)
tsx
// lib/searchParams.ts
import { createSearchParamsCache, parseAsInteger, parseAsString } from 'nuqs/server'
export const searchParamsCache = createSearchParamsCache({
q: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1)
})
// app/search/page.tsx (Server Component)
import { searchParamsCache } from '@/lib/searchParams'
import type { SearchParams } from 'nuqs/server'
type Props = { searchParams: Promise<SearchParams> }
export default async function Page({ searchParams }: Props) {
// ⚠️ Must call parse() - don't forget!
const { q, page } = await searchParamsCache.parse(searchParams)
return <Results query={q} page={page} />
}
// Nested server component - no props needed
function NestedComponent() {
const page = searchParamsCache.get('page') // type-safe!
return <span>Page {page}</span>
}tsx
// lib/searchParams.ts
import { createSearchParamsCache, parseAsInteger, parseAsString } from 'nuqs/server'
export const searchParamsCache = createSearchParamsCache({
q: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1)
})
// app/search/page.tsx (服务端组件)
import { searchParamsCache } from '@/lib/searchParams'
import type { SearchParams } from 'nuqs/server'
type Props = { searchParams: Promise<SearchParams> }
export default async function Page({ searchParams }: Props) {
// ⚠️ 必须调用parse(),不要遗漏!
const { q, page } = await searchParamsCache.parse(searchParams)
return <Results query={q} page={page} />
}
// 嵌套服务端组件 - 无需传递props
function NestedComponent() {
const page = searchParamsCache.get('page') // 类型安全!
return <span>Page {page}</span>
}Reusable Patterns
可复用模式
Shared Parser Definitions
共享解析器定义
tsx
// lib/parsers.ts
export const paginationParsers = {
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1),
limit: parseAsInteger.withDefault(20),
sort: parseAsString.withDefault('createdAt'),
order: parseAsStringLiteral(['asc', 'desc'] as const).withDefault('desc')
}
// Component
const [pagination, setPagination] = useQueryStates(paginationParsers)tsx
// lib/parsers.ts
export const paginationParsers = {
page: parseAsInteger.withDefault(1),
limit: parseAsInteger.withDefault(20),
sort: parseAsString.withDefault('createdAt'),
order: parseAsStringLiteral(['asc', 'desc'] as const).withDefault('desc')
}
// 组件中使用
const [pagination, setPagination] = useQueryStates(paginationParsers)URL Key Mapping
URL键名映射
tsx
const [coords, setCoords] = useQueryStates(
{
latitude: parseAsFloat.withDefault(0),
longitude: parseAsFloat.withDefault(0)
},
{
urlKeys: { latitude: 'lat', longitude: 'lng' }
}
)
// URL: ?lat=45.5&lng=-122.6
// Code: coords.latitude, coords.longitudetsx
const [coords, setCoords] = useQueryStates(
{
latitude: parseAsFloat.withDefault(0),
longitude: parseAsFloat.withDefault(0)
},
{
urlKeys: { latitude: 'lat', longitude: 'lng' }
}
)
// URL: ?lat=45.5&lng=-122.6
// 代码中访问: coords.latitude, coords.longitudeCustom Hook
自定义Hook
tsx
// hooks/useFilters.ts
export function useFilters() {
return useQueryStates({
search: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
category: parseAsString,
minPrice: parseAsFloat,
maxPrice: parseAsFloat,
inStock: parseAsBoolean.withDefault(false)
})
}
// Component
const [filters, setFilters] = useFilters()tsx
// hooks/useFilters.ts
export function useFilters() {
return useQueryStates({
search: parseAsString.withDefault(''),
category: parseAsString,
minPrice: parseAsFloat,
maxPrice: parseAsFloat,
inStock: parseAsBoolean.withDefault(false)
})
}
// 组件中使用
const [filters, setFilters] = useFilters()Testing
测试
tsx
import { withNuqsTestingAdapter, type UrlUpdateEvent } from 'nuqs/adapters/testing'
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
it('updates URL on click', async () => {
const user = userEvent.setup()
const onUrlUpdate = vi.fn<[UrlUpdateEvent]>()
render(<CounterButton />, {
wrapper: withNuqsTestingAdapter({
searchParams: '?count=1',
onUrlUpdate
})
})
await user.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveTextContent('count is 2')
expect(onUrlUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
const event = onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0]![0]!
expect(event.queryString).toBe('?count=2')
expect(event.searchParams.get('count')).toBe('2')
expect(event.options.history).toBe('push')
})tsx
import { withNuqsTestingAdapter, type UrlUpdateEvent } from 'nuqs/adapters/testing'
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react'
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event'
it('点击时更新URL', async () => {
const user = userEvent.setup()
const onUrlUpdate = vi.fn<[UrlUpdateEvent]>()
render(<CounterButton />, {
wrapper: withNuqsTestingAdapter({
searchParams: '?count=1',
onUrlUpdate
})
})
await user.click(screen.getByRole('button'))
expect(screen.getByRole('button')).toHaveTextContent('count is 2')
expect(onUrlUpdate).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
const event = onUrlUpdate.mock.calls[0]![0]!
expect(event.queryString).toBe('?count=2')
expect(event.searchParams.get('count')).toBe('2')
expect(event.options.history).toBe('push')
})Critical Mistakes to Avoid
需要避免的严重错误
1. Missing Adapter
1. 遗漏适配器
tsx
// ❌ Error: nuqs requires an adapter
useQueryState('q')
// ✅ Wrap app in NuqsAdapter first (see Setup section)tsx
// ❌ 错误:nuqs需要适配器
useQueryState('q')
// ✅ 先使用NuqsAdapter包裹应用(参考配置章节)2. Wrong Adapter for Framework
2. 框架适配器不匹配
tsx
// ❌ Using app router adapter in pages router
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/app' // Wrong!
// ✅ Match adapter to your router
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/pages'tsx
// ❌ 在pages router中使用app router的适配器
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/app' // 错误!
// ✅ 选择与你使用的路由匹配的适配器
import { NuqsAdapter } from 'nuqs/adapters/next/pages'3. Missing Suspense (Next.js App Router)
3. 遗漏Suspense(Next.js App Router)
tsx
// ❌ Hydration error
export default function Page() {
const [q] = useQueryState('q')
return <div>{q}</div>
}
// ✅ Wrap client components in Suspense
export default function Page() {
return (
<Suspense fallback={<Loading />}>
<SearchClient />
</Suspense>
)
}tsx
// ❌ 水合错误
export default function Page() {
const [q] = useQueryState('q')
return <div>{q}</div>
}
// ✅ 用Suspense包裹客户端组件
export default function Page() {
return (
<Suspense fallback={<Loading />}>
<SearchClient />
</Suspense>
)
}4. Same Key, Different Parsers
4. 同一个key使用不同解析器
tsx
// ❌ Conflicts - last update wins with wrong type
const [intVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsInteger)
const [floatVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsFloat)
// ✅ One parser per key, share via custom hook
function useFoo() {
const [val, setVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsFloat)
return { float: val, int: Math.floor(val ?? 0), setVal }
}tsx
// ❌ 冲突:最后一次更新会覆盖,类型错误
const [intVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsInteger)
const [floatVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsFloat)
// ✅ 每个key对应一个解析器,通过自定义hook共享
function useFoo() {
const [val, setVal] = useQueryState('foo', parseAsFloat)
return { float: val, int: Math.floor(val ?? 0), setVal }
}5. Forgetting to Parse on Server
5. 服务端忘记调用parse
tsx
// ❌ Returns cache object, not values
const values = searchParamsCache // Wrong!
// ✅ Call parse() with searchParams prop
const values = await searchParamsCache.parse(searchParams)tsx
// ❌ 返回缓存对象而非实际值
const values = searchParamsCache // 错误!
// ✅ 传入searchParams参数调用parse()
const values = await searchParamsCache.parse(searchParams)6. Server Component with Client Hook
6. 服务端组件使用客户端钩子
tsx
// ❌ useQueryState only works in client components
export default function Page() { // Server component
const [q] = useQueryState('q') // Error!
}
// ✅ Use createSearchParamsCache for server, useQueryState for clienttsx
// ❌ useQueryState仅在客户端组件中生效
export default function Page() { // 服务端组件
const [q] = useQueryState('q') // 报错!
}
// ✅ 服务端使用createSearchParamsCache,客户端使用useQueryState7. Not Handling Null Without Default
7. 未设置默认值时没有处理null
tsx
// ❌ Tedious null handling
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger)
setCount(c => (c ?? 0) + 1) // Must handle null every time
// ✅ Use withDefault
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger.withDefault(0))
setCount(c => c + 1) // Always a numbertsx
// ❌ 每次都要处理null,代码冗余
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger)
setCount(c => (c ?? 0) + 1) // 每次都要处理null
// ✅ 使用withDefault设置默认值
const [count, setCount] = useQueryState('count', parseAsInteger.withDefault(0))
setCount(c => c + 1) // 值始终为数字8. Lossy Serialization
8. 序列化丢失精度
tsx
// ❌ Loses precision on reload
const geoParser = {
parse: parseFloat,
serialize: v => v.toFixed(2) // 1.23456 → "1.23" → 1.23
}
// ✅ Preserve precision or accept the tradeoff knowingly
const geoParser = {
parse: parseFloat,
serialize: v => v.toString()
}tsx
// ❌ 页面重载时丢失精度
const geoParser = {
parse: parseFloat,
serialize: v => v.toFixed(2) // 1.23456 → "1.23" → 1.23
}
// ✅ 保留精度,或明确接受精度损失的权衡
const geoParser = {
parse: parseFloat,
serialize: v => v.toString()
}9. Missing eq for Reference Types
9. 引用类型遗漏eq方法
tsx
// ❌ clearOnDefault won't work correctly
const dateParser = {
parse: (v) => new Date(v),
serialize: (d) => d.toISOString()
}
// ✅ Provide eq function for reference types
const dateParser = createParser({
parse: (v) => new Date(v),
serialize: (d) => d.toISOString(),
eq: (a, b) => a.getTime() === b.getTime()
})tsx
// ❌ clearOnDefault无法正常工作
const dateParser = {
parse: (v) => new Date(v),
serialize: (d) => d.toISOString()
}
// ✅ 为引用类型提供eq函数
const dateParser = createParser({
parse: (v) => new Date(v),
serialize: (d) => d.toISOString(),
eq: (a, b) => a.getTime() === b.getTime()
})Quick Reference
快速参考
| Task | Solution |
|---|---|
| Single param | |
| Multiple params | |
| Server access | |
| Notify server | |
| History entry | |
| Loading state | |
| Short URL keys | |
| Array param | |
| Enum/literal | |
| Custom type | |
| Test component | |
| 需求 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|
| 单个参数 | |
| 多个参数 | |
| 服务端获取参数 | |
| 通知服务端更新 | |
| 新增历史记录 | |
| 加载状态 | |
| 短URL键名 | |
| 数组参数 | |
| 枚举/字面量 | |
| 自定义类型 | |
| 测试组件 | |