n8n Skill - Manage Workflows and Executions

n8n 技能 - 管理工作流与执行任务

n8n Concepts

n8n 核心概念

Workflows

工作流

A workflow is an automation that connects multiple services/apps. It consists of:

Nodes - Individual steps that perform actions (HTTP requests, code execution, integrations)
Connections - Links between nodes defining data flow
Triggers - How the workflow starts (webhook, schedule, manual, etc.)

工作流是一种连接多个服务/应用的自动化流程，它由以下部分组成：

Nodes（节点） - 执行具体操作的独立步骤（HTTP请求、代码执行、第三方集成等）
Connections（连接） - 定义节点间数据流的关联链路
Triggers（触发器） - 工作流的启动方式（webhook、定时任务、手动触发等）

Node Types

节点类型

Trigger nodes - Start workflows (Webhook, Schedule, Manual)
Regular nodes - Process data (HTTP Request, Set, IF, Switch)
Code nodes - Custom JavaScript/Python logic
Integration nodes - Connect to services (Slack, Discord, Notion, etc.)

Trigger nodes（触发节点） - 启动工作流（Webhook、Schedule、Manual）
Regular nodes（常规节点） - 处理数据（HTTP Request、Set、IF、Switch）
Code nodes（代码节点） - 自定义JavaScript/Python逻辑
Integration nodes（集成节点） - 对接第三方服务（Slack、Discord、Notion等）

Executions

执行任务

An execution is a single run of a workflow. States:

success - Completed without errors
error - Failed at some node
running - Currently executing
waiting - Paused, waiting for external event
canceled - Manually stopped

执行任务指工作流的单次运行，包含以下状态：

success（成功） - 无错误完成运行
error（失败） - 在某个节点执行失败
running（运行中） - 当前正在执行
waiting（等待中） - 已暂停，等待外部事件触发
canceled（已取消） - 手动停止运行

Execution Modes

执行模式

webhook - Triggered by HTTP request
trigger - Triggered by schedule or event
manual - Triggered manually from UI
retry - Retried from a failed execution

webhook - 由HTTP请求触发
trigger - 由定时任务或事件触发
manual - 从UI手动触发
retry - 从失败的执行任务中重试

Webhooks

Webhook

HTTP endpoints that trigger workflows:

Production webhook -
```
/webhook/<path>
```
- Always active when workflow is active
Test webhook -
```
/webhook-test/<path>
```
- For testing, shows data in UI

用于触发工作流的HTTP端点：

Production webhook（生产环境Webhook） -
```
/webhook/<path>
```
- 工作流激活时始终可用
Test webhook（测试环境Webhook） -
```
/webhook-test/<path>
```
- 用于测试，可在UI中查看数据

Credentials

凭据

Stored authentication for services (API keys, OAuth tokens). Referenced by nodes but not exposed in workflow JSON.

存储的第三方服务认证信息（API密钥、OAuth令牌）。节点会引用凭据，但不会在工作流JSON中暴露。

CLI Setup

CLI 配置

The CLI is available via uvx (no installation needed):

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli --help

可通过uvx使用CLI工具（无需安装）：

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli --help

Environment Variables

环境变量

Required:

```
N8N_API_KEY
```
- API key from n8n (Settings → n8n API)

N8N_BASE_URL

- n8n instance URL (e.g.,

https://your-instance.app.n8n.cloud

)

必填项：

```
N8N_API_KEY
```
- n8n的API密钥（路径：设置 → n8n API）

N8N_BASE_URL

- n8n实例地址（例如：

https://your-instance.app.n8n.cloud

）

CLI Reference

CLI 参考手册

List Workflows

列出工作流

bash

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bash

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List all workflows

列出所有工作流

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflows

Active workflows only

仅列出激活的工作流

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflows --active

JSON output

以JSON格式输出

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflows --json

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflows --json

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Workflow Details

查看工作流详情

bash

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bash

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Get workflow details

获取工作流详情

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflow <workflow_id>

Full JSON output

输出完整JSON内容

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflow <workflow_id> --json

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli workflow <workflow_id> --json

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Activate/Deactivate Workflows

激活/停用工作流

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli activate <workflow_id>
uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli deactivate <workflow_id>

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli activate <workflow_id>
uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli deactivate <workflow_id>

List Nodes in Workflow

列出工作流中的节点

bash

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bash

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List all nodes (Code nodes marked with *)

列出所有节点（代码节点标记为*）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli nodes <workflow_id>

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli nodes <workflow_id>

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View/Edit Nodes

查看/编辑节点

bash

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bash

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View node details

查看节点详情

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name"

View Code node's JavaScript

查看代码节点的JavaScript代码

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name" --code

Update Code node from file

从文件更新代码节点

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name" --set-code script.js

Rename a node

重命名节点

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "old name" --rename "new name"

Set node parameter (supports dot notation for nested keys)

设置节点参数（支持点标记法设置嵌套键）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "HTTP Request" --set-param url="https://api.example.com" uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "Agent" --set-param options.systemMessage="You are helpful"

Set multiple parameters at once

同时设置多个参数

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "Node" -p timeout=5000 -p retries=3

Bulk update parameters from JSON (deep merged)

从JSON批量更新参数（深度合并）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "Node" --set-param-json '{"options": {"systemMessage": "Hello"}}'

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "Node" --set-param-json '{"options": {"systemMessage": "Hello"}}'

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Export/Import Code Nodes

导出/导入代码节点

Useful for editing Code node scripts in a proper editor:

bash

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适合在专业编辑器中编辑代码节点脚本：

bash

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Export all Code nodes to files

将所有代码节点导出到文件

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli export-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

Import updated scripts back

将更新后的脚本导入回工作流

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli import-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli import-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

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Trigger Workflows

触发工作流

bash

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bash

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Trigger workflow by name via webhook

通过Webhook按名称触发工作流

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name"

With JSON payload

携带JSON负载触发

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name" --data '{"key": "value"}'

With payload from file

从文件读取负载触发

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name" --file payload.json

Use test webhook URL

使用测试环境Webhook地址

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name" --test

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name" --test

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List Executions

列出执行任务

bash

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bash

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Recent executions

查看最近的执行任务

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions

Filter by workflow

按工作流筛选

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions --workflow <workflow_id>

Filter by status (error, success, running, waiting, canceled)

按状态筛选（error、success、running、waiting、canceled）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions --status error

Limit results

限制结果数量

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions -n 100

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions -n 100

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Execution Details

查看执行任务详情

bash

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bash

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Get execution details (shows error info for failed executions)

获取执行任务详情（失败任务会显示错误信息）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <execution_id>

Include full execution data

包含完整执行数据

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <execution_id> --data

JSON output

以JSON格式输出

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <execution_id> --data --json

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <execution_id> --data --json

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Retry Failed Execution

重试失败的执行任务

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli retry <execution_id>

bash

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli retry <execution_id>

Use latest workflow version

使用最新版本的工作流重试

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli retry <execution_id> --latest

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli retry <execution_id> --latest

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Credentials Management

凭据管理

Note: The n8n API does not allow reading credential values (security restriction). You can only list credentials metadata, create new credentials, and delete credentials. To update a credential, you must delete and recreate it.

bash

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注意： n8n API不允许读取凭据值（安全限制）。你只能列出凭据元数据、创建新凭据和删除凭据。如需更新凭据，必须先删除再重新创建。

bash

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List all credentials (metadata only - id, name, type)

列出所有凭据（仅元数据 - ID、名称、类型）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli credentials

Get schema for a credential type (shows required fields)

获取凭据类型的 schema（显示必填字段）

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli credential-schema httpHeaderAuth uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli credential-schema openAiApi --json

Create a credential

创建凭据

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli create-credential --name "My API Key" --type httpHeaderAuth --data '{"name": "X-API-Key", "value": "secret"}'

Create from file

从文件创建凭据

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli create-credential --name "OpenAI" --type openAiApi --data-file credentials.json

Delete a credential

删除凭据

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli delete-credential <credential_id>

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli delete-credential <credential_id>

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Common Workflows

常见工作流场景

Troubleshoot Failed Executions

排查失败的执行任务

bash

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1. Find failed executions

1. 查找失败的执行任务

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions --status error

2. Get error details

2. 获取错误详情

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <id>

3. Get full data for debugging

3. 获取完整数据用于调试

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <id> --data --json

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli execution <id> --data --json

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Edit Code Nodes

编辑代码节点

bash

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bash

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1. Export all Code nodes

1. 导出所有代码节点

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli export-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

2. Edit scripts in your editor

2. 在编辑器中编辑脚本

Files: ./nodes/node_name.js

文件路径：./nodes/node_name.js

3. Import changes back

3. 将修改导入回工作流

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli import-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli import-code <workflow_id> ./nodes/

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Quick Node Update

快速更新节点

bash

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bash

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View current code

查看当前代码

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name" --code > script.js

Edit script.js...

编辑script.js...

Update node

更新节点

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name" --set-code script.js

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli node <workflow_id> "node name" --set-code script.js

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Test Webhook Workflow

测试Webhook工作流

bash

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bash

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Trigger with test payload

使用测试负载触发

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli trigger "Workflow Name" --test --file test_payload.json

Check execution result

检查执行结果

uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions --workflow <id> -n 1

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uvx --from git+https://github.com/pokgak/n8n-cli n8n-cli executions --workflow <id> -n 1

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Execution Data Structure

执行数据结构

When debugging with

--data --json

, the execution contains:

execution
├── id                    # Execution ID
├── status                # success, error, running, etc.
├── mode                  # webhook, trigger, manual, retry
├── startedAt / stoppedAt # Timestamps
├── workflowData          # Snapshot of workflow at execution time
│   ├── name
│   ├── nodes[]
│   └── connections
└── data
    └── resultData
        ├── runData       # Output from each node
        │   └── [nodeName][]
        │       ├── data.main[][] # Node output items
        │       └── executionStatus
        ├── lastNodeExecuted
        └── error         # If failed
            ├── message
            ├── description
            └── node      # Which node failed

使用

--data --json

调试时，执行任务包含以下结构：

execution
├── id                    # 执行任务ID
├── status                # success、error、running等
├── mode                  # webhook、trigger、manual、retry
├── startedAt / stoppedAt # 时间戳
├── workflowData          # 执行时的工作流快照
│   ├── name
│   ├── nodes[]
│   └── connections
└── data
    └── resultData
        ├── runData       # 每个节点的输出
        │   └── [nodeName][]
        │       ├── data.main[][] # 节点输出项
        │       └── executionStatus
        ├── lastNodeExecuted
        └── error         # 失败时的错误信息
            ├── message
            ├── description
            └── node      # 失败的节点

Common Error Patterns

常见错误类型

Webhook Payload Issues

Webhook负载问题

Check
```
execution --data --json
```
and look at the Webhook node's output

Payload is in

runData.Webhook[0].data.main[0][0].json.body

执行
```
execution --data --json
```
并查看Webhook节点的输出

负载位于

runData.Webhook[0].data.main[0][0].json.body

Code Node Errors

代码节点错误

Error message shows the JavaScript error
Use
```
node <workflow_id> "node name" --code
```
to view the code
Common: undefined variables, JSON parsing, missing fields

错误信息会显示JavaScript错误详情
使用
```
node <workflow_id> "node name" --code
```
查看代码
常见问题：未定义变量、JSON解析错误、字段缺失

Integration Failures

集成失败

Usually credential or API issues
Check if the service is accessible
Verify credential permissions

通常是凭据或API问题
检查服务是否可访问
验证凭据权限

n8n

Original

Translation

n8n Skill - Manage Workflows and Executions

n8n 技能 - 管理工作流与执行任务

n8n Concepts

n8n 核心概念

Workflows

工作流

Node Types

节点类型

Executions

执行任务

Execution Modes

执行模式

Webhooks

Webhook

Credentials

凭据

CLI Setup

CLI 配置

Environment Variables

环境变量

CLI Reference

CLI 参考手册

List Workflows

列出工作流

List all workflows

列出所有工作流

Active workflows only

仅列出激活的工作流

JSON output

以JSON格式输出

Workflow Details

查看工作流详情

Get workflow details

获取工作流详情

Full JSON output

输出完整JSON内容

Activate/Deactivate Workflows

激活/停用工作流

List Nodes in Workflow

列出工作流中的节点

List all nodes (Code nodes marked with *)

列出所有节点（代码节点标记为*）

View/Edit Nodes

查看/编辑节点

View node details

查看节点详情

View Code node's JavaScript

查看代码节点的JavaScript代码

Update Code node from file

从文件更新代码节点

Rename a node

重命名节点

Set node parameter (supports dot notation for nested keys)

设置节点参数（支持点标记法设置嵌套键）

Set multiple parameters at once

同时设置多个参数

Bulk update parameters from JSON (deep merged)

从JSON批量更新参数（深度合并）

Export/Import Code Nodes

导出/导入代码节点

Export all Code nodes to files

将所有代码节点导出到文件

Import updated scripts back

将更新后的脚本导入回工作流

Trigger Workflows

触发工作流

Trigger workflow by name via webhook

通过Webhook按名称触发工作流

With JSON payload

携带JSON负载触发

With payload from file

从文件读取负载触发

Use test webhook URL

使用测试环境Webhook地址

List Executions

列出执行任务

Recent executions