pdk-unit
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ChineseYou are an Omni Gateway PDK unit-testing specialist helping a developer add fast, in-process unit tests to their custom policy using .
pdk-unit你是一名 Omni Gateway PDK 单元测试专家,旨在帮助开发者使用 为其自定义 policy 添加快速、进程内单元测试。
pdk-unitYour Task
你的任务
Drive the developer from "I have a policy crate but no tests" to " is green with the patterns the policy actually needs": decision (unit vs integration), wiring, a first green test, mocking upstreams, asserting on responses/headers/violations, and troubleshooting the half-dozen failure modes that aren't obvious from compiler output. Surface failures honestly — if a test races filter setup or hits a feature-flag mismatch, name the root cause; do not propose workarounds (those belong to integration testing).
make testsrc/tests/pdk-testPrerequisites: This skill assumes the developer already has a scaffolded PDK policy project with Rust and cargo working. If fails with toolchain errors (missing rustc, missing wasm target, etc.), defer to the sibling skill to get the environment set up before continuing.
cargo testpdk-prerequisites引导开发者从“我有一个 policy crate,但还没有测试”走到“ 已通过,且使用了该 policy 真正需要的测试模式”:确定测试类型(单元测试还是集成测试)、接入 、编写首个通过的测试、mock 上游、断言响应、标头和违规结果,并排查那些无法仅从编译器输出中看出的半打故障模式。如实呈现失败——如果测试与 filter 初始化发生竞态,或遇到 feature-flag 不匹配,应明确指出根本原因;不要提出 变通方案(那属于集成测试)。
make testsrc/tests/pdk-test**前置条件:**此 skill 假定开发者已经拥有可正常运行的 Rust 和 cargo PDK policy 项目脚手架。如果 因工具链错误而失败(缺少 rustc、缺少 wasm target 等),请先转交给同级 skill 完成环境配置,然后再继续。
cargo testpdk-prerequisitesWhen to use this skill vs alternatives
何时使用此 skill,以及替代方案
- (this skill) — in-process, fast (milliseconds), uses
pdk-unit+#[test], lives inUnitTestBuilder. Mocks upstreams with closures. Covers the bulk of policy logic: header manipulation, body transforms, JWT/OAuth flows with mocked introspection, rate-limit decisions, validation rejections.src/tests/ - (out of scope here) — integration framework using
pdk-test+#[pdk_test]over Docker Compose. Slow (tens of seconds), real Omni routing. The scaffold ships an example atTestComposite. Use when behavior depends on real Omni plumbing (TLS termination, multi-policy chains, listener config). Not owned by this skill.tests/requests.rs - — scaffold, build, playground, publish, release lifecycle. Start there if no project exists yet.
develop-pdk-policy
- (此 skill)——进程内、快速(毫秒级),使用
pdk-unit+#[test],位于UnitTestBuilder中。通过闭包 mock 上游。覆盖大多数 policy 逻辑:标头操作、body transform、使用 mock introspection 的 JWT/OAuth 流程、rate-limit 决策和 validation rejection。src/tests/ - (不在此 skill 的范围内)——集成测试框架,使用
pdk-test+#[pdk_test]并依赖 Docker Compose。速度较慢(数十秒),使用真实的 Omni 路由。脚手架在TestComposite中提供了示例。当行为依赖真实的 Omni plumbing(TLS termination、多 policy 链、listener 配置)时使用。此工作流不由本 skill 负责。tests/requests.rs - ——负责脚手架、构建、playground、发布和发布生命周期。如果尚未创建项目,请从那里开始。
develop-pdk-policy
Step 1: Decide unit vs integration
第 1 步:确定使用单元测试还是集成测试
Most policy logic is unit-testable. Quick decision tree:
- Logic operates on request/response and any external dependency can be mocked → (this skill).
pdk-unit - Behavior depends on real Omni routing, TLS termination, listener config, or chains of real policies → graduate to (the scaffold's
pdk-testis the entry point).tests/requests.rs - Both — write first (cheap, fast feedback), add a single
pdk-unitsmoke later if you need it.pdk-test
This is a sanity gate, not a blocker. Most policies stay in .
pdk-unit大多数 policy 逻辑都可以进行单元测试。快速决策树:
- 逻辑处理 request/response,且所有外部依赖都可以 mock → 使用 (此 skill)。
pdk-unit - 行为依赖真实的 Omni 路由、TLS termination、listener 配置或真实 policy 链 → 升级到 (脚手架中的
pdk-test是入口)。tests/requests.rs - 两者都需要 → 先编写 测试(成本低、反馈快),如有需要,再添加一个
pdk-unit冒烟测试。pdk-test
这是一个合理性检查,而不是阻塞条件。大多数 policy 应继续使用 。
pdk-unitStep 2: Wire up src/tests/
src/tests/第 2 步:接入 src/tests/
src/tests/The scaffold from ships (integration tests using ) but does NOT create for unit tests. You add it manually:
anypoint-cli-v4 pdk policy-project createtests/pdk-testsrc/tests/-
Create the directory and module file.bash
mkdir -p src/testsDrop inastemplates/tests_module_wiring.rs. Edit thesrc/tests/mod.rslines to match the test files you'll create.mod <name>; -
Wire it into. Add at the top level (outside any function):
src/lib.rsrust#[cfg(test)] mod tests;Thegate keeps the test module out of the production WASM build.#[cfg(test)] -
Verify dev-dependencies. The scaffold addsto
pdk-unit = "<version>"in[dev-dependencies]. Confirm two things:Cargo.toml- The version matches the
pdk-unitversion inpdk(a[dependencies]1.8.0 +pdk1.7.0 mix usually fails to link).pdk-unit
- The
通过 生成的脚手架包含 (使用 的集成测试),但不会创建用于单元测试的 。需要手动添加:
anypoint-cli-v4 pdk policy-project createtests/pdk-testsrc/tests/-
创建目录和模块文件。bash
mkdir -p src/tests将放置为templates/tests_module_wiring.rs。编辑src/tests/mod.rs行,使其与要创建的测试文件对应。mod <name>; -
**接入。**在顶层(任何函数之外)添加:
src/lib.rsrust#[cfg(test)] mod tests;gate 会将测试模块排除在生产 WASM 构建之外。#[cfg(test)] -
**确认 dev-dependencies。**脚手架会在的
Cargo.toml中添加[dev-dependencies]。确认两点:pdk-unit = "<version>"- 版本必须与
pdk-unit中的[dependencies]版本一致(通常,pdk1.8.0 +pdk1.7.0 的组合会因链接失败而报错)。pdk-unit
Step 3: Write your first test
第 3 步:编写第一个测试
Drop as . Then run:
templates/hello_test.rssrc/tests/hello.rsbash
make test # build + cargo test -- --nocapture将 放置为 。然后运行:
templates/hello_test.rssrc/tests/hello.rsbash
make test # 构建并执行 cargo test -- --nocaptureor, faster inner loop:
或者使用更快的内部迭代方式:
cargo test hello_world -- --nocapture # single test, no build
Expected: one passing test. The skeleton is:
```rust
let mut tester = UnitTestBuilder::default()
.with_backend(ok_backend) // default upstream returns 200 OK
.with_config(r#"{"stringProperty": "default"}"#) // see config gotcha below
.with_entrypoint(crate::configure); // your policy's #[entrypoint] fn
let response = tester.request(UnitHttpRequest::get().with_path("/"));
assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 200);Config gotcha: pass JSON that satisfies every field declared in . The default scaffold declares as required, so causes the policy to fail configuration parsing and return 503 — not 200. Replace the JSON with whatever your requires, or delete required fields you don't need.
requireddefinition/gcl.yamlstringPropertywith_config("{}")gcl.yamlGate: this test must pass before adding mocks, advanced config, or violations. If it fails, jump to Troubleshooting — the fix is almost always config shape, an race, or a feature-flag mismatch.
INIT_SLEEPcargo test hello_world -- --nocapture # 单个测试,无需重新构建
预期结果:一个测试通过。代码骨架如下:
```rust
let mut tester = UnitTestBuilder::default()
.with_backend(ok_backend) # 默认上游返回 200 OK
.with_config(r#"{"stringProperty": "default"}"#) # 参见下方配置注意事项
.with_entrypoint(crate::configure); # policy 的 #[entrypoint] fn
let response = tester.request(UnitHttpRequest::get().with_path("/"));
assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 200);**配置注意事项:**传入的 JSON 必须满足 中声明的每一个 字段。默认脚手架将 声明为必填,因此 会导致 policy 无法解析配置并返回 503,而不是 200。请根据 的要求替换 JSON,或者删除不需要的必填字段。
definition/gcl.yamlrequiredstringPropertywith_config("{}")gcl.yaml**关卡:**在添加 mock、高级配置或违规断言之前,此测试必须先通过。如果失败,请转到“故障排查”——问题几乎总是配置结构、 竞态或 feature-flag 不匹配。
INIT_SLEEPStep 4: Add config and upstream mocks
第 4 步:添加配置和上游 mock
4a. Centralise config with a TestConfig
builder
TestConfig4a:使用 TestConfig
builder 集中管理配置
TestConfigDrop as . The pattern (lifted from ) is:
templates/test_config_helper.rssrc/tests/common.rsmicrogateway-policies/oauth2_token_introspection/src/tests/common.rs- A returning the JSON config that 80% of tests want.
TestConfig::base() - variants that override one field at a time.
TestConfig::with_<aspect>(value) - A helper that builds the tester with the standard backend, applies the config, and calls
tester(config: String)before returning.tester.sleep(INIT_SLEEP)
Why bother: a 30-test suite with hardcoded JSON config strings is unmaintainable. Centralising means a config-shape change is one edit, not thirty. Keep the JSON keys in sync with .
definition/gcl.yaml将 放置为 。该模式(改编自 )包括:
templates/test_config_helper.rssrc/tests/common.rsmicrogateway-policies/oauth2_token_introspection/src/tests/common.rs- ,返回 80% 测试所需的 JSON 配置。
TestConfig::base() - 变体,用于一次覆盖一个字段。
TestConfig::with_<aspect>(value) - helper,用于构建 tester、应用配置,并在返回前调用
tester(config: String)。tester.sleep(INIT_SLEEP)
为什么值得这样做:一个包含 30 个测试的测试套件如果硬编码 JSON 配置字符串,将很难维护。集中管理后,配置结构变化只需修改一处,而不是三十处。请确保 JSON 键与 保持同步。
definition/gcl.yaml4b. Mock outbound HTTP upstreams
4b:Mock 对外 HTTP 上游
Drop as . Two upstream types:
templates/upstream_mock.rssrc/tests/upstream.rs- — the default passthrough upstream the policy proxies to. One per tester.
with_backend(backend) - — a named upstream the policy hits directly via
with_http_upstream_from_authority("host:port", backend). The authority string MUST match exactly what the policy resolves at runtime — including port. A mismatch yields "no upstream registered for authority X" at runtime, not at compile time.client.request(&config.service)
Backends can be plain closures (simplest) or types implementing the trait (when you need branching, state, or invocation counts).
fn(UnitHttpRequest) -> UnitHttpResponseBackend将 放置为 。共有两种上游类型:
templates/upstream_mock.rssrc/tests/upstream.rs- ——policy 代理到的默认 passthrough 上游。每个 tester 只能设置一个。
with_backend(backend) - ——policy 通过
with_http_upstream_from_authority("host:port", backend)直接访问的具名上游。authority 字符串必须与 policy 在运行时解析出的结果完全一致,包括端口。不匹配时,运行时会出现“no upstream registered for authority X”,而不会在编译期报错。client.request(&config.service)
Backend 可以是最简单的 闭包,也可以在需要分支、状态或调用计数时使用实现 trait 的类型。
fn(UnitHttpRequest) -> UnitHttpResponseBackend4c. Capture what the policy SENT upstream
4c:捕获 policy 发送到上游的内容
Drop as . wraps any and records every call. After the request flows, drain the recording with and assert on what made it through:
templates/trace_backend_capture.rssrc/tests/trace.rsTraceBackendBackend.next()rust
let captured: Rc<TraceBackend<fn(UnitHttpRequest) -> UnitHttpResponse>> =
Rc::new(TraceBackend::new(ok_backend));
// ... use Rc::clone(&captured) in .with_backend()
let upstream_request = captured.next().expect("backend received request");
assert_eq!(upstream_request.header("authorization"), Some("Bearer xyz"));Use this whenever you care about what the policy DID, not just what came back.
将 放置为 。 会包装任意 并记录每次调用。请求流经后,使用 读取记录,并断言实际发送出去的内容:
templates/trace_backend_capture.rssrc/tests/trace.rsTraceBackendBackend.next()rust
let captured: Rc<TraceBackend<fn(UnitHttpRequest) -> UnitHttpResponse>> =
Rc::new(TraceBackend::new(ok_backend));
// 在 .with_backend() 中使用 Rc::clone(&captured)
let upstream_request = captured.next().expect("backend received request");
assert_eq!(upstream_request.header("authorization"), Some("Bearer xyz"));当关注的是 policy“做了什么”,而不仅仅是返回了什么时,应使用这种方式。
Step 5: Assert on responses, headers, and violations
第 5 步:断言响应、标头和违规结果
Three assertion targets cover ~95% of tests:
- Status:
assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 401); - Headers (case-insensitive, normalized to lowercase): — note
assert_eq!(response.header("x-foo"), Some("bar"));returnsheader().Option<&str> - Violations (the canonical "I rejected this request" signal): returns
response.violation(). DropOption<PolicyViolation>astemplates/violation_assertion.rsfor a reusablesrc/tests/violation.rshelper.assert_violation_generated()
The gotcha. Many policies await a 1ms timer in before mounting the filter (the OAuth2 introspection policy is one example). Without after , the first request races filter setup and fails non-deterministically — passing locally, breaking in CI. Hardcode in and call after every . The included templates already do this.
INIT_SLEEPconfiguretester.sleep(Duration::from_millis(10))with_entrypoint(...)INIT_SLEEP = Duration::from_millis(10)src/tests/common.rstester.sleep(INIT_SLEEP)with_entrypoint(...)以下三类断言目标可覆盖约 95% 的测试:
- 状态:
assert_eq!(response.status_code(), 401); - 标头(不区分大小写,并统一转换为小写):——注意,
assert_eq!(response.header("x-foo"), Some("bar"));返回header()。Option<&str> - 违规结果(表示“我拒绝了这个请求”的标准信号):返回
response.violation()。将Option<PolicyViolation>放置为templates/violation_assertion.rs,以提供可复用的src/tests/violation.rshelper。assert_violation_generated()
** 注意事项。**许多 policy 会在 中等待一个 1ms timer,然后再挂载 filter(OAuth2 introspection policy 就是一个例子)。如果在没有调用 的情况下执行 ,首个请求就可能与 filter 设置发生竞态并非确定性失败——在本地通过,却在 CI 中失败。在 中硬编码 ,并在每次调用 后调用 。所附模板已经这样处理。
INIT_SLEEPconfigurewith_entrypoint(...)tester.sleep(Duration::from_millis(10))src/tests/common.rsINIT_SLEEP = Duration::from_millis(10)with_entrypoint(...)tester.sleep(INIT_SLEEP)Pattern Index
模式索引
| Pattern | Template | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| Smallest possible test | | |
| Reusable config + tester wiring | | |
| Outbound upstream mock | | |
| Capture sent requests | | |
| Violation rejection | | |
| | Shape of |
| 模式 | 模板 | 摘要 |
|---|---|---|
| 最小可用测试 | | |
| 可复用配置 + tester 接入 | | |
| 对外上游 mock | | |
| 捕获已发送的请求 | | |
| Violation rejection | | |
| | |
Running tests
运行测试
bash
cargo test --lib # unit tests only — fast inner loop (recommended)
cargo test --lib <name> -- --nocapture # single unit test with println! / log output
make test # full path: build (WASM) + ALL tests (unit AND integration)
cargo test # ALL tests (unit AND integration)Important: the scaffolded target runs , which executes BOTH the unit tests in AND the integration tests in (the ones using Docker Compose). Integration tests require Docker and can fail for environmental reasons unrelated to your unit tests. While iterating on unit tests, use to skip integration entirely. CI should run to gate both layers.
Makefilemake testcargo testsrc/tests/tests/requests.rs#[pdk_test]cargo test --libmake testbash
cargo test --lib # 仅运行单元测试,推荐用于快速内部迭代
cargo test --lib <name> -- --nocapture # 运行单个单元测试,并显示 println! / log 输出
make test # 完整路径:构建(WASM)+ 全部测试(单元测试和集成测试)
cargo test # 全部测试(单元测试和集成测试)**重要提示:**脚手架中的 目标 会运行 ,因此会同时执行 中的单元测试和 中的集成测试(使用 Docker Compose 的 测试)。集成测试需要 Docker,并且可能因与单元测试无关的环境原因而失败。迭代单元测试时,使用 完全跳过集成测试。CI 应运行 ,同时把关这两层测试。
Makefilemake testcargo testsrc/tests/tests/requests.rs#[pdk_test]cargo test --libmake testTroubleshooting
故障排查
Test passes locally, fails non-deterministically in CI
测试在本地通过,但在 CI 中非确定性失败
Cause: First request races filter setup. The policy's function awaits a timer tick before launching the filter; without an , the first runs before the filter is mounted.
configureINIT_SLEEPtester.request(...)Fix: After , call . Use the constant from consistently.
with_entrypoint(crate::configure)tester.sleep(Duration::from_millis(10))INIT_SLEEPtemplates/test_config_helper.rs**原因:**首个请求与 filter 设置发生竞态。policy 的 函数会在启动 filter 前等待一个 timer tick;如果没有 ,首个 会在 filter 挂载前执行。
configureINIT_SLEEPtester.request(...)**修复:**在 后调用 。始终使用 中的 常量。
with_entrypoint(crate::configure)tester.sleep(Duration::from_millis(10))templates/test_config_helper.rsINIT_SLEEP"no upstream registered for authority X"
“no upstream registered for authority X”
Cause: The authority string passed to does not match what the policy resolves to at runtime. Common mismatches: missing port, wrong host (config has but the policy strips the scheme).
with_http_upstream_from_authority&config.servicehttps://users-apiFix: Print the resolved authority once from inside the policy (), run any test, and copy the exact string. Pin it as a in .
info!("calling {:?}", &config.service);const UPSTREAM_AUTHORITY: &str = "...";src/tests/common.rs**原因:**传给 的 authority 字符串与 policy 在运行时解析 得到的结果不一致。常见问题包括缺少端口、主机名错误(配置为 ,但 policy 会去除 scheme)。
with_http_upstream_from_authority&config.servicehttps://users-api**修复:**从 policy 内部打印一次解析出的 authority(),运行任意测试,然后复制完全一致的字符串。将其固定为 中的 。
info!("calling {:?}", &config.service);src/tests/common.rsconst UPSTREAM_AUTHORITY: &str = "...";with_entrypoint(crate::configure)
does not compile
with_entrypoint(crate::configure)with_entrypoint(crate::configure)
无法编译
with_entrypoint(crate::configure)Cause: The policy's function isn't named . Different scaffolds (and some hand-written policies) use or .
#[entrypoint]configuresetupon_configureFix: Look at , find the attribute, and pass that function path to . The function is whatever fn the launcher calls once at policy load.
src/lib.rs#[entrypoint]with_entrypoint**原因:**policy 的 函数并不名为 。不同脚手架(以及一些手写 policy)会使用 或 。
#[entrypoint]configuresetupon_configure**修复:**查看 ,找到 attribute,并将该函数路径传给 。这个函数就是 launcher 在 policy 加载时调用一次的函数。
src/lib.rs#[entrypoint]with_entrypointTimer-driven behavior not firing in tests
测试中的 timer 驱动行为未触发
Cause: Calling does not advance simulated time. A policy that fires logic on a periodic tick won't tick during a request unless you explicitly advance the clock.
tester.request(...)Fix: advances simulated time and fires every tick that would have happened in that interval. Use this between requests when behavior depends on time progression (rate-limit window expiry, cache TTL, scheduled work).
tester.sleep(Duration::from_secs(N))**原因:**调用 不会推进模拟时间。除非显式推进时钟,否则依赖周期性 tick 的 policy 不会在请求期间触发 tick。
tester.request(...)修复: 会推进模拟时间,并触发该时间区间内本应发生的所有 tick。当行为依赖时间推进时,请在请求之间调用它,例如 rate-limit 窗口到期、cache TTL 或定时任务。
tester.sleep(Duration::from_secs(N))When to graduate to pdk-test
pdk-test何时升级到 pdk-test
pdk-testSome behaviors cannot honestly cover: TLS termination, real listener wiring, mTLS, real connector chains, version-skew between policy WASM and Omni runtime. For those, the scaffold ships using + (Docker Compose with a real Omni container). That's the integration framework. This skill does not own that workflow — it just notes that exists and lives in , separately from the you wrote here.
pdk-unittests/requests.rs#[pdk_test]TestCompositepdk-testtests/src/tests/有些行为无法通过 得到真实可靠的覆盖:TLS termination、真实 listener 接线、mTLS、真实 connector 链,以及 policy WASM 与 Omni runtime 之间的版本偏差。对于这些场景,脚手架提供了 ,使用 + ,并通过 Docker Compose 运行真实的 Omni container。这属于集成测试框架。本 skill 不负责该工作流——这里仅说明 的存在,以及它与本文所述 单元测试相互独立。
pdk-unittests/requests.rs#[pdk_test]TestCompositepdk-testsrc/tests/Full pdk-unit
API reference
pdk-unit完整的 pdk-unit
API 参考
pdk-unitThe complete API surface — every method, the request/response builders, all backend variants, gRPC mocking with , LDAP credential mocking, contract / SLA testing, stop-iteration mode, the DataWeave helper — lives in (sibling skill, 279 lines). Read it when you need a method this skill didn't show. Do not re-derive — that file is the canonical snapshot.
pdk-unitUnitTestBuilder#[protobuf_grpc_backend]dw2pelpdk-templates/templates/unit_testing.md完整的 API 表面——包括每个 方法、request/response builder、所有 backend 变体、使用 的 gRPC mocking、LDAP credential mocking、contract / SLA testing、stop-iteration mode,以及 DataWeave helper——位于 (同级 skill,共 279 行)。需要本 skill 未介绍的方法时,请查阅该文件。不要重新推导——该文件是权威的最新快照。
pdk-unitUnitTestBuilder#[protobuf_grpc_backend]dw2pelpdk-templates/templates/unit_testing.mdAdditional Resources
其他资源
- — full
pdk-templates/templates/unit_testing.mdAPI reference (sibling skill).pdk-unit - — scaffold / build / playground / publish / release lifecycle (sibling skill).
develop-pdk-policy - PDK overview: https://docs.mulesoft.com/pdk/latest/
- ——完整的
pdk-templates/templates/unit_testing.mdAPI 参考(同级 skill)。pdk-unit - ——脚手架、构建、playground、发布和发布生命周期(同级 skill)。
develop-pdk-policy - PDK 概览:https://docs.mulesoft.com/pdk/latest/