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meson

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Meson

Meson

Purpose

用途

Guide agents through Meson project setup, build configuration, the wrap dependency system, and cross-compilation — covering the build system used by GLib, systemd, GStreamer, Mesa, and many major C/C++ projects.
指导开发者完成Meson项目搭建、构建配置、wrap依赖系统使用以及交叉编译——涵盖GLib、systemd、GStreamer、Mesa等众多主流C/C++项目所使用的构建系统。

Triggers

触发场景

  • "How do I set up a Meson build?"
  • "How do I add a dependency in Meson?"
  • "How do I cross-compile with Meson?"
  • "Meson wrap isn't finding my dependency"
  • "How do I configure build options in Meson?"
  • "How do I migrate from CMake/Autotools to Meson?"
  • "如何搭建Meson构建？"
  • "如何在Meson中添加依赖？"
  • "如何使用Meson进行交叉编译？"
  • "Meson wrap找不到我的依赖"
  • "如何在Meson中配置构建选项？"
  • "如何从CMake/Autotools迁移到Meson？"

Workflow

工作流程

1. Project setup

1. 项目搭建

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Configure (source-dir, build-dir are positional)

Configure (source-dir, build-dir are positional)

meson setup builddir
meson setup builddir

With options

With options

meson setup builddir
--buildtype=release
--prefix=/usr/local
-Db_lto=true
-Db_sanitize=address
meson setup builddir
--buildtype=release
--prefix=/usr/local
-Db_lto=true
-Db_sanitize=address

Reconfigure (change options on existing builddir)

Reconfigure (change options on existing builddir)

meson configure builddir -Dbuildtype=debug
meson configure builddir -Dbuildtype=debug

Show all available options

Show all available options

meson configure builddir

| `--buildtype` | Equivalent flags |
|---------------|-----------------|
| `debug` (default) | `-O0 -g` |
| `debugoptimized` | `-O2 -g` |
| `release` | `-O3 -DNDEBUG` |
| `minsize` | `-Os -DNDEBUG` |
| `plain` | No flags added |
meson configure builddir

| `--buildtype` | 等效标志 |
|---------------|-----------------|
| `debug` (默认) | `-O0 -g` |
| `debugoptimized` | `-O2 -g` |
| `release` | `-O3 -DNDEBUG` |
| `minsize` | `-Os -DNDEBUG` |
| `plain` | 无额外标志 |

2. Build and test

2. 构建与测试

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Build (from source directory)

Build (from source directory)

meson compile -C builddir
meson compile -C builddir

Or enter builddir and use ninja directly

Or enter builddir and use ninja directly

cd builddir && ninja
cd builddir && ninja

Run tests

Run tests

meson test -C builddir meson test -C builddir --verbose # show test output meson test -C builddir -t 5 # 5x timeout multiplier meson test -C builddir --suite unit # run only 'unit' suite
meson test -C builddir meson test -C builddir --verbose # show test output meson test -C builddir -t 5 # 5x timeout multiplier meson test -C builddir --suite unit # run only 'unit' suite

Install

Install

meson install -C builddir
meson install -C builddir

Dry run

Dry run

meson install -C builddir --dry-run
undefined
meson install -C builddir --dry-run
undefined

3. meson.build structure

3. meson.build文件结构

python
project('myapp', 'c', 'cpp',
  version : '1.0.0',
  default_options : [
    'c_std=c11',
    'cpp_std=c++17',
    'warning_level=2',
  ]
)
python
project('myapp', 'c', 'cpp',
  version : '1.0.0',
  default_options : [
    'c_std=c11',
    'cpp_std=c++17',
    'warning_level=2',
  ]
)

Find system dependencies

Find system dependencies

glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', version : '>=2.68') threads_dep = dependency('threads')
glib_dep = dependency('glib-2.0', version : '>=2.68') threads_dep = dependency('threads')

Include directories

Include directories

inc = include_directories('include')
inc = include_directories('include')

Library

Library

mylib = static_library('mylib', sources : ['src/lib.c', 'src/util.c'], include_directories : inc, )
mylib = static_library('mylib', sources : ['src/lib.c', 'src/util.c'], include_directories : inc, )

Executable

Executable

executable('myapp', sources : ['src/main.c'], include_directories : inc, link_with : mylib, dependencies : [glib_dep, threads_dep], install : true, )
executable('myapp', sources : ['src/main.c'], include_directories : inc, link_with : mylib, dependencies : [glib_dep, threads_dep], install : true, )

Tests

Tests

test('basic', executable('test_basic', sources : ['tests/test_basic.c'], link_with : mylib, ))
undefined
test('basic', executable('test_basic', sources : ['tests/test_basic.c'], link_with : mylib, ))
undefined

4. Dependency management with wrap

4. 使用wrap管理依赖

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Search for a wrap

Search for a wrap

meson wrap search zlib
meson wrap search zlib

Install a wrap (downloads .wrap file from wrapdb)

Install a wrap (downloads .wrap file from wrapdb)

meson wrap install zlib meson wrap install gtest
meson wrap install zlib meson wrap install gtest

List installed wraps

List installed wraps

meson wrap list
meson wrap list

Update all wraps

Update all wraps

meson wrap update

In `meson.build`:

```python
meson wrap update

在`meson.build`中：

```python

Use wrap as fallback if system lib not found

Use wrap as fallback if system lib not found

zlib_dep = dependency('zlib', fallback : ['zlib', 'zlib_dep'], # [wrap_name, dep_variable] )
zlib_dep = dependency('zlib', fallback : ['zlib', 'zlib_dep'], # [wrap_name, dep_variable] )

Force wrap (for reproducible builds)

Force wrap (for reproducible builds)

zlib_dep = dependency('zlib', fallback : ['zlib', 'zlib_dep'], default_options : ['default_library=static'], )

`subprojects/zlib.wrap` structure:

```ini
[wrap-file]
directory = zlib-1.3
source_url = https://zlib.net/zlib-1.3.tar.gz
source_hash = <sha256>

[provide]
zlib = zlib_dep
zlib_dep = dependency('zlib', fallback : ['zlib', 'zlib_dep'], default_options : ['default_library=static'], )

`subprojects/zlib.wrap`文件结构：

```ini
[wrap-file]
directory = zlib-1.3
source_url = https://zlib.net/zlib-1.3.tar.gz
source_hash = <sha256>

[provide]
zlib = zlib_dep

5. Build options

5. 构建选项

Define in 
meson_options.txt
(or 
meson.options
in Meson ≥1.1):
python
option('with_tests', type : 'boolean', value : true,
  description : 'Build unit tests')

option('backend', type : 'combo',
  choices : ['opengl', 'vulkan', 'software'],
  value : 'opengl',
  description : 'Rendering backend')

option('max_connections', type : 'integer',
  min : 1, max : 1024, value : 64)
Use in 
meson.build
:
python
if get_option('with_tests')
  subdir('tests')
endif
在
meson_options.txt
（或Meson ≥1.1版本中的
meson.options
）中定义：
python
option('with_tests', type : 'boolean', value : true,
  description : 'Build unit tests')

option('backend', type : 'combo',
  choices : ['opengl', 'vulkan', 'software'],
  value : 'opengl',
  description : 'Rendering backend')

option('max_connections', type : 'integer',
  min : 1, max : 1024, value : 64)
在
meson.build
中使用：
python
if get_option('with_tests')
  subdir('tests')
endif

6. Cross-compilation

6. 交叉编译

Create a cross file (
cross/arm-linux.ini
):
ini
[binaries]
c = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc'
cpp = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++'
ar = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar'
strip = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip'
pkgconfig = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-pkg-config'

[properties]
sys_root = '/path/to/sysroot'

[host_machine]
system = 'linux'
cpu_family = 'arm'
cpu = 'cortex-a9'
endian = 'little'
bash
meson setup builddir-arm --cross-file cross/arm-linux.ini
meson compile -C builddir-arm
创建交叉编译配置文件（
cross/arm-linux.ini
）：
ini
[binaries]
c = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc'
cpp = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++'
ar = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-ar'
strip = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-strip'
pkgconfig = 'arm-linux-gnueabihf-pkg-config'

[properties]
sys_root = '/path/to/sysroot'

[host_machine]
system = 'linux'
cpu_family = 'arm'
cpu = 'cortex-a9'
endian = 'little'
bash
meson setup builddir-arm --cross-file cross/arm-linux.ini
meson compile -C builddir-arm

7. CMake migration cheatsheet

7. CMake迁移速查表

CMakeMeson equivalent
add_executable
executable()
add_library
library()
/ 
static_library()
/ 
shared_library()
target_include_directories
include_directories
arg in target
target_link_libraries
dependencies
/ 
link_with
find_package
dependency()
option()
option()
in 
meson_options.txt
add_subdirectory
subdir()
install(TARGETS ...)
install : true
in target
For wrap patterns and subproject configuration, see references/meson-wrap.md.
CMakeMeson等效写法
add_executable
executable()
add_library
library()
/ 
static_library()
/ 
shared_library()
target_include_directories
目标中的
include_directories
参数
target_link_libraries
dependencies
/ 
link_with
find_package
dependency()
option()
meson_options.txt
中的
option()
add_subdirectory
subdir()
install(TARGETS ...)
目标中的
install : true
关于wrap模式和子项目配置，请参考references/meson-wrap.md。

Related skills

相关技能

  • Use 
    skills/build-systems/cmake
    when CMake is required or preferred
  • Use 
    skills/build-systems/ninja
    — Meson uses Ninja as its backend
  • Use 
    skills/compilers/cross-gcc
    for cross-compiler toolchain setup
  • Use 
    skills/compilers/gcc
    or 
    skills/compilers/clang
    for compiler flag context
  • 当需要或偏好使用CMake时，使用
    skills/build-systems/cmake
  • 使用
    skills/build-systems/ninja
    ——Meson将Ninja作为其后端
  • 使用
    skills/compilers/cross-gcc
    进行交叉编译工具链配置
  • 使用
    skills/compilers/gcc
    或
    skills/compilers/clang
    获取编译器标志相关内容