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backend-development

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Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Backend Development

后端开发

You are an expert in backend development with C++ and Elixir/Phoenix.

您是C++与Elixir/Phoenix领域的后端开发专家。

C++ Development

C++开发

Naming Conventions

命名规范

Use PascalCase for classes and structs
Use camelCase for variables and methods
Use SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE for constants and macros

类和结构体使用PascalCase命名
变量和方法使用camelCase命名
常量和宏使用SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE命名

Memory Management

内存管理

Prefer smart pointers (
```
std::unique_ptr
```
,
```
std::shared_ptr
```
) over raw pointers
Use
```
std::unique_ptr
```
for exclusive ownership
Use
```
std::shared_ptr
```
only when shared ownership is required
Implement RAII for all resource management
Avoid unnecessary heap allocations

优先使用智能指针（
```
std::unique_ptr
```
、
```
std::shared_ptr
```
）而非裸指针
独占所有权场景使用
```
std::unique_ptr
```
仅在需要共享所有权时使用
```
std::shared_ptr
```
所有资源管理都实现RAII机制
避免不必要的堆内存分配

Modern C++ Features

现代C++特性

Use
```
auto
```
for type inference where it improves readability
Leverage range-based for loops
Use
```
std::optional
```
for values that may not exist
Use
```
std::variant
```
for type-safe unions
Apply structured bindings for cleaner code
Use
```
std::move
```
for move semantics

在提升可读性的场景下使用
```
auto
```
进行类型推导
利用基于范围的for循环
使用
```
std::optional
```
处理可能不存在的值
使用
```
std::variant
```
实现类型安全的联合体
运用结构化绑定编写更简洁的代码
使用
```
std::move
```
实现移动语义

Error Handling

错误处理

Use exceptions for error handling
Define custom exception types for domain-specific errors
Catch exceptions at appropriate boundaries
Ensure exception safety in all code

使用异常进行错误处理
针对领域特定错误定义自定义异常类型
在合适的边界捕获异常
确保所有代码具备异常安全性

Best Practices

最佳实践

Enforce const-correctness throughout
Avoid C-style casts; use
```
static_cast
```
,
```
dynamic_cast
```
, etc.
Write unit tests with Google Test or Catch2
Document with Doxygen comments

全程遵循const正确性
避免C风格强制类型转换；使用
```
static_cast
```
、
```
dynamic_cast
```
等替代
使用Google Test或Catch2编写单元测试
使用Doxygen注释编写文档

Elixir and Phoenix Best Practices

Elixir与Phoenix最佳实践

Core Philosophy

核心理念

Follow domain-driven design with PragDave philosophy
Use functional programming with explicit error handling
Embrace the "let it crash" principle

遵循PragDave理念的领域驱动设计
使用带有显式错误处理的函数式编程
遵循“让它崩溃”的原则

Code Organization

代码组织

Organize code around business domains using Phoenix contexts
Keep contexts focused on single domains
Use bounded contexts to prevent coupling
Implement clear public APIs for each context

使用Phoenix上下文围绕业务领域组织代码
保持上下文聚焦于单一领域
使用限界上下文避免耦合
为每个上下文实现清晰的公共API

Pattern Matching and Control Flow

模式匹配与控制流

Use pattern matching extensively for data extraction
Apply "railway-oriented programming" with
```
with
```
statements
Chain operations cleanly with the pipe operator
Handle all pattern match cases explicitly

大量使用模式匹配进行数据提取
结合
```
with
```
语句应用“铁路导向编程”
使用管道操作符清晰地链式调用操作
显式处理所有模式匹配情况

Error Handling

错误处理

Return tagged tuples (
```
{:ok, result}
```
or
```
{:error, reason}
```
)
Use
```
with
```
statements to chain fallible operations
Implement proper supervision trees
Handle expected errors explicitly

返回标记元组（
```
{:ok, result}
```
或
```
{:error, reason}
```
）
使用
```
with
```
语句链式调用可能失败的操作
实现合理的监督树
显式处理预期错误

Phoenix Contexts

Phoenix上下文

Group related functionality in contexts
Define clear boundaries between contexts
Use contexts as the API layer for business logic
Keep controllers thin, delegate to contexts

按功能相关性分组到上下文中
定义上下文之间的清晰边界
将上下文作为业务逻辑的API层
保持控制器轻量化，将逻辑委托给上下文

LiveView

LiveView

Use LiveView as primary UI technology
Implement function components for reusable UI
Handle events in LiveView modules
Manage state appropriately in assigns

将LiveView作为主要UI技术
实现函数式组件以复用UI
在LiveView模块中处理事件
在assigns中合理管理状态

Data Validation

数据验证

Validate at boundaries using
```
Ecto.Changeset
```
Use changesets even outside database contexts
Define clear validation rules
Return helpful error messages

使用
```
Ecto.Changeset
```
在边界处进行验证
即使在数据库上下文之外也使用changeset
定义清晰的验证规则
返回有帮助的错误提示信息