Back to Details

ffmpeg-patterns

Compare original and translation side by side

🇺🇸

Original

English
🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

FFmpeg Patterns

FFmpeg 常用处理方案

Best practices for video and audio processing with FFmpeg.
FFmpeg音视频处理的最佳实践。

Basic Operations

基础操作

Transcode Video

视频转码

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Convert to MP4 (H.264 + AAC)

转换为MP4格式（H.264 + AAC编码）

ffmpeg -i input.mov -c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 23
-c:a aac -b:a 128k output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mov -c:v libx264 -preset medium -crf 23
-c:a aac -b:a 128k output.mp4

Convert to WebM (VP9 + Opus)

转换为WebM格式（VP9 + Opus编码）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -b:v 0
-c:a libopus -b:a 128k output.webm
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -b:v 0
-c:a libopus -b:a 128k output.webm

Convert to HLS for streaming

转换为HLS流媒体格式

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -codec: copy -start_number 0
-hls_time 10 -hls_list_size 0 -f hls output.m3u8
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -codec: copy -start_number 0
-hls_time 10 -hls_list_size 0 -f hls output.m3u8
undefined

Extract Audio

提取音频

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Extract audio to MP3

提取音频为MP3格式

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -acodec mp3 -ab 192k audio.mp3
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -acodec mp3 -ab 192k audio.mp3

Extract audio to WAV (uncompressed)

提取音频为WAV格式（无压缩）

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -acodec pcm_s16le audio.wav
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vn -acodec pcm_s16le audio.wav

Extract audio from specific time range

从指定时间段提取音频

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:01:00 -t 00:00:30 -vn audio.mp3
undefined
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:01:00 -t 00:00:30 -vn audio.mp3
undefined

Trim and Cut

剪辑与裁剪

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Cut from timestamp to duration

从指定时间点开始裁剪指定时长

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -t 00:02:00 -c copy output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -t 00:02:00 -c copy output.mp4

Cut from start to end timestamp

从起始时间点裁剪到结束时间点

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -to 00:03:30 -c copy output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -ss 00:01:30 -to 00:03:30 -c copy output.mp4

Fast seek (put -ss before -i for large files)

快速定位（处理大文件时将-ss放在-i前）

ffmpeg -ss 00:10:00 -i large_video.mp4 -t 00:05:00 -c copy clip.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -ss 00:10:00 -i large_video.mp4 -t 00:05:00 -c copy clip.mp4
undefined

Video Filters

视频滤镜

Resize and Scale

尺寸调整

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Scale to specific dimensions

缩放至指定分辨率

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080" output.mp4

Scale preserving aspect ratio (fit within)

按原比例缩放（适配目标尺寸）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease" output.mp4

Scale with padding (letterbox/pillarbox)

缩放后添加黑边（ letterbox/pillarbox 模式）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" output.mp4

Scale to 50%

缩放至原尺寸的50%

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=iw/2:ih/2" output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=iw/2:ih/2" output.mp4
undefined

Speed Adjustment

速度调节

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Speed up video 2x (with audio pitch correction)

2倍速播放（音频自动修正音调）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=0.5*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=2.0[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=0.5*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=2.0[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4

Slow down video 0.5x

0.5倍速播放

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=2.0*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=0.5[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=2.0*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=0.5[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4

Extreme slow motion (0.25x) - chain atempo filters

极慢动作（0.25倍速）- 串联atempo滤镜

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=4.0*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=0.5,atempo=0.5[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -filter_complex "[0:v]setpts=4.0*PTS[v];[0:a]atempo=0.5,atempo=0.5[a]"
-map "[v]" -map "[a]" output.mp4
undefined

Crop and Overlay

裁剪与叠加

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Crop video (width:height:x:y)

裁剪视频（参数：宽度:高度:起始X坐标:起始Y坐标）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "crop=640:480:100:50" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "crop=640:480:100:50" output.mp4

Crop center to 16:9

裁剪中心区域为16:9比例

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "crop=ih*16/9:ih" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "crop=ih*16/9:ih" output.mp4

Add watermark

添加水印

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i watermark.png
-filter_complex "overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i watermark.png
-filter_complex "overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10" output.mp4

Add text overlay

添加文字叠加层

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=text='Hello World':fontsize=24:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=10" output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "drawtext=text='Hello World':fontsize=24:fontcolor=white:x=10:y=10" output.mp4
undefined

Color and Effects

色彩与特效

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Adjust brightness, contrast, saturation

调整亮度、对比度、饱和度

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "eq=brightness=0.1:contrast=1.2:saturation=1.3" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "eq=brightness=0.1:contrast=1.2:saturation=1.3" output.mp4

Convert to grayscale

转换为灰度视频

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "colorchannelmixer=.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "colorchannelmixer=.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3:0:.3:.4:.3" output.mp4

Add fade in/out

添加淡入淡出效果

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=2,fade=t=out:st=8:d=2" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=2,fade=t=out:st=8:d=2" output.mp4

Blur video

添加模糊效果

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "boxblur=5:1" output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "boxblur=5:1" output.mp4
undefined

Audio Processing

音频处理

Volume and Normalization

音量与标准化

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Adjust volume

调整音量

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "volume=1.5" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "volume=1.5" output.mp4

Normalize audio (loudnorm)

音频标准化（loudnorm滤镜）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "loudnorm=I=-16:TP=-1.5:LRA=11" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "loudnorm=I=-16:TP=-1.5:LRA=11" output.mp4

Detect silence

检测静音片段

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "silencedetect=noise=-30dB:d=0.5" -f null -
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "silencedetect=noise=-30dB:d=0.5" -f null -
undefined

Audio Filters

音频滤镜

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Remove background noise

去除背景噪音

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "afftdn=nf=-25" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "afftdn=nf=-25" output.mp4

Add echo

添加回声效果

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "aecho=0.8:0.88:60:0.4" output.mp4

High-pass filter (remove low frequencies)

高通滤波（移除低频）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "highpass=f=200" output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "highpass=f=200" output.mp4

Low-pass filter (remove high frequencies)

低通滤波（移除高频）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "lowpass=f=3000" output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -af "lowpass=f=3000" output.mp4
undefined

Combining Media

媒体合并

Concatenate Videos

视频拼接

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Create file list

创建文件列表

cat > files.txt << EOF file 'video1.mp4' file 'video2.mp4' file 'video3.mp4' EOF
cat > files.txt << EOF file 'video1.mp4' file 'video2.mp4' file 'video3.mp4' EOF

Concatenate (same codec)

拼接视频（编码格式相同）

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i files.txt -c copy output.mp4
ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i files.txt -c copy output.mp4

Concatenate (different codecs - re-encode)

拼接视频（编码格式不同 - 需重新编码）

ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i files.txt -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i files.txt -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4
undefined

Merge Audio and Video

音视频合并

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Replace audio track

替换视频音轨

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 output.mp4
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 output.mp4

Mix audio tracks

混合音轨

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i background.mp3
-filter_complex "[0:a][1:a]amerge=inputs=2[a]"
-map 0:v -map "[a]" -c:v copy -ac 2 output.mp4
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i background.mp3
-filter_complex "[0:a][1:a]amerge=inputs=2[a]"
-map 0:v -map "[a]" -c:v copy -ac 2 output.mp4

Add audio to silent video

为无声视频添加音频

ffmpeg -i silent_video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -shortest output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i silent_video.mp4 -i audio.mp3 -c:v copy -c:a aac -shortest output.mp4
undefined

Picture-in-Picture

画中画效果

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Overlay smaller video

叠加小尺寸视频

ffmpeg -i main.mp4 -i overlay.mp4
-filter_complex "[1:v]scale=320:-1[pip];[0:v][pip]overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10"
output.mp4
ffmpeg -i main.mp4 -i overlay.mp4
-filter_complex "[1:v]scale=320:-1[pip];[0:v][pip]overlay=W-w-10:H-h-10"
output.mp4

Side by side

左右分屏显示

ffmpeg -i left.mp4 -i right.mp4
-filter_complex "[0:v]scale=640:-1[l];[1:v]scale=640:-1[r];[l][r]hstack"
output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i left.mp4 -i right.mp4
-filter_complex "[0:v]scale=640:-1[l];[1:v]scale=640:-1[r];[l][r]hstack"
output.mp4
undefined

Thumbnails and Screenshots

缩略图与截图

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Single screenshot at timestamp

在指定时间点截取单张截图

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 thumbnail.jpg
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 thumbnail.jpg

Generate thumbnails every N seconds

每N秒生成一张缩略图

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "fps=1/10" thumbnails_%03d.jpg
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "fps=1/10" thumbnails_%03d.jpg

Generate thumbnail sheet/sprite

生成缩略图拼贴/雪碧图

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "fps=1/5,scale=160:-1,tile=5x5" sprite.jpg
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -vf "fps=1/5,scale=160:-1,tile=5x5" sprite.jpg

Best quality thumbnail

生成高质量缩略图

ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 -q:v 2 thumbnail.jpg
undefined
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -ss 00:00:10 -vframes 1 -q:v 2 thumbnail.jpg
undefined

Streaming Formats

流媒体格式

HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)

HLS（HTTP直播流）

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Basic HLS

基础HLS流

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod
-hls_segment_filename "segment_%03d.ts"
playlist.m3u8
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod
-hls_segment_filename "segment_%03d.ts"
playlist.m3u8

Multi-bitrate HLS

多码率HLS流

ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-filter_complex "[0:v]split=3[v1][v2][v3];
[v1]scale=1920:1080[v1out];
[v2]scale=1280:720[v2out];
[v3]scale=854:480[v3out]"
-map "[v1out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 5M -c:a aac -b:a 192k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 1080p.m3u8
-map "[v2out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 2M -c:a aac -b:a 128k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 720p.m3u8
-map "[v3out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 1M -c:a aac -b:a 96k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 480p.m3u8
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4
-filter_complex "[0:v]split=3[v1][v2][v3];
[v1]scale=1920:1080[v1out];
[v2]scale=1280:720[v2out];
[v3]scale=854:480[v3out]"
-map "[v1out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 5M -c:a aac -b:a 192k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 1080p.m3u8
-map "[v2out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 2M -c:a aac -b:a 128k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 720p.m3u8
-map "[v3out]" -map 0:a -c:v libx264 -b:v 1M -c:a aac -b:a 96k
-hls_time 10 -hls_playlist_type vod 480p.m3u8
undefined

DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming)

DASH（动态自适应流）

bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
       -f dash -seg_duration 10 \
       -use_template 1 -use_timeline 1 \
       manifest.mpd
bash
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac \
       -f dash -seg_duration 10 \
       -use_template 1 -use_timeline 1 \
       manifest.mpd

Batch Processing

批量处理

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Convert all MP4s to WebM

将所有MP4文件转换为WebM格式

for f in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -c:a libopus "${f%.mp4}.webm" done
for f in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -c:v libvpx-vp9 -crf 30 -c:a libopus "${f%.mp4}.webm" done

Resize all images in directory

调整目录中所有图片尺寸

for f in *.jpg; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vf "scale=1280:-1" "resized_$f" done
for f in *.jpg; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vf "scale=1280:-1" "resized_$f" done

Extract audio from multiple videos

从多个视频中提取音频

for f in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vn -c:a mp3 -b:a 192k "${f%.mp4}.mp3" done
undefined
for f in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vn -c:a mp3 -b:a 192k "${f%.mp4}.mp3" done
undefined

Hardware Acceleration

硬件加速

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

NVIDIA NVENC (encoding)

NVIDIA NVENC（编码加速）

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast output.mp4

NVIDIA NVDEC (decoding) + NVENC

NVIDIA NVDEC（解码加速） + NVENC（编码加速）

ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc output.mp4
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc output.mp4

macOS VideoToolbox

macOS VideoToolbox加速

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_videotoolbox -b:v 5M output.mp4
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_videotoolbox -b:v 5M output.mp4

Intel QuickSync

Intel QuickSync加速

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_qsv output.mp4
undefined
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_qsv output.mp4
undefined

Useful Probing Commands

实用探测命令

bash
undefined
bash
undefined

Get video info

获取视频信息

ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams video.mp4
ffprobe -v quiet -print_format json -show_format -show_streams video.mp4

Get duration

获取视频时长

ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 video.mp4
ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 video.mp4

Get resolution

获取视频分辨率

ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=width,height -of csv=p=0 video.mp4
ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=width,height -of csv=p=0 video.mp4

Get codec

获取视频编码格式

ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=codec_name -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 video.mp4
undefined
ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=codec_name -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 video.mp4
undefined

References

参考资料