This skill helps economists run rigorous econometric analyses in R, including Instrumental Variables (IV), Difference-in-Differences (DiD), and Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). It generates publication-ready code with proper diagnostics and robust standard errors.
本技能帮助经济学家在R中开展严谨的计量经济分析，包括工具变量（IV）、双重差分（DiD）和断点回归设计（RDD）。它会生成带有恰当诊断和稳健标准误的可用于发表的代码。
- Running causal inference analyses
- Estimating treatment effects with panel data
- Creating publication-ready regression tables
- Implementing modern econometric methods (two-way fixed effects, event studies)
- 开展因果推断分析
- 利用面板数据估计处理效应
- 创建可用于发表的回归表格
- 实施现代计量经济方法（双向固定效应、事件研究）
Step 1: Understand the Research Design
步骤1：明确研究设计
Before generating code, ask the user:
- What is your identification strategy? (IV, DiD, RDD, or simple regression)
- What is the unit of observation? (individual, firm, country-year, etc.)
- What fixed effects do you need? (entity, time, two-way)
- How should standard errors be clustered?
在生成代码前，询问用户：
- 你的识别策略是什么？（IV、DiD、RDD或简单回归）
- 观测单位是什么？（个体、企业、国家-年度等）
- 需要哪些固定效应？（个体、时间、双向）
- 标准误应如何聚类？
Step 2: Generate Analysis Code
步骤2：生成分析代码
Based on the research design, generate R code that:
- Uses the package - Modern, fast, and feature-rich for panel data
- Includes proper diagnostics:
- For IV: First-stage F-statistics, weak instrument tests
- For DiD: Parallel trends visualization, event study plots
- For RDD: Bandwidth selection, density tests
- Uses robust/clustered standard errors appropriate for the data structure
- Creates publication-ready output using or
根据研究设计，生成满足以下要求的R代码：
- 使用包——针对面板数据的现代、快速且功能丰富的包
- 包含恰当的诊断：
- 对于IV：第一阶段F统计量、弱工具变量检验
- 对于DiD：平行趋势可视化、事件研究图
- 对于RDD：带宽选择、密度检验
- 使用适合数据结构的稳健/聚类标准误
- 利用或创建可用于发表的输出结果
Step 3: Structure the Output
步骤3：输出结构
1. Setup and packages
1. 环境设置与包加载
2. Data loading and preparation
2. 数据加载与预处理
3. Descriptive statistics
3. 描述性统计
4. Main specification
4. 主回归设定
5. Robustness checks
5. 稳健性检验
Step 4: Add Documentation
步骤4：添加文档说明
Include comments explaining:
- Why each specification choice was made
- Interpretation of key coefficients
- Limitations and assumptions
- "Run a DiD analysis with state and year fixed effects, clustering at the state level"
- "Estimate the effect of X on Y using Z as an instrument"
- "Create an event study plot showing treatment effects by year"
- "Run a sharp RDD with optimal bandwidth selection"
- "运行包含州和年度固定效应、以州为聚类水平的DiD分析"
- "使用Z作为工具变量估计X对Y的影响"
- "创建展示年度处理效应的事件研究图"
- "运行带有最优带宽选择的精确断点回归"
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============================================
Difference-in-Differences Analysis
双重差分分析
============================================
============================================
library(tidyverse)
library(fixest)
library(modelsummary)
library(tidyverse)
library(fixest)
library(modelsummary)
df <- read_csv("data.csv")
df <- read_csv("data.csv")
Prepare treatment variable
预处理处理变量
df <- df %>%
mutate(
post = year >= treatment_year,
treated = state %in% treatment_states,
treat_post = treated * post
)
df <- df %>%
mutate(
post = year >= treatment_year,
treated = state %in% treatment_states,
treat_post = treated * post
)
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Main DiD Specification
主DiD设定
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Two-way fixed effects
双向固定效应
did_model <- feols(
outcome ~ treat_post | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state
)
did_model <- feols(
outcome ~ treat_post | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state
)
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Create relative time variable
创建相对时间变量
df <- df %>%
mutate(rel_time = year - treatment_year)
df <- df %>%
mutate(rel_time = year - treatment_year)
Event study regression
事件研究回归
event_study <- feols(
outcome ~ i(rel_time, treated, ref = -1) | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state
)
event_study <- feols(
outcome ~ i(rel_time, treated, ref = -1) | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state
)
iplot(event_study,
main = "Event Study: Effect on Outcome",
xlab = "Years Relative to Treatment")
iplot(event_study,
main = "Event Study: Effect on Outcome",
xlab = "Years Relative to Treatment")
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Robustness: Alternative Specifications
稳健性检验：替代设定
----------------------------------------
----------------------------------------
Different clustering
不同聚类方式
did_robust <- feols(
outcome ~ treat_post | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state + year # Two-way clustering
)
did_robust <- feols(
outcome ~ treat_post | state + year,
data = df,
cluster = ~state + year # 双向聚类
)
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modelsummary(
list("Main" = did_model, "Two-way Cluster" = did_robust),
stars = c('' = 0.1, '' = 0.05, '' = 0.01),
output = "results/did_table.tex"
)
modelsummary(
list("Main" = did_model, "Two-way Cluster" = did_robust),
stars = c('' = 0.1, '' = 0.05, '' = 0.01),
output = "results/did_table.tex"
)
- - Fast fixed effects estimation
- - Publication-ready tables
- - Data manipulation
- - Visualization
Install with:
r
install.packages(c("fixest", "modelsummary", "tidyverse"))
- ——快速固定效应估计
- ——可用于发表的表格
- ——数据处理
- ——可视化
安装命令：
r
install.packages(c("fixest", "modelsummary", "tidyverse"))
- Always cluster standard errors at the level of treatment assignment
- Run pre-trend tests for DiD designs
- Report first-stage F-statistics for IV (should be > 10)
- Use over for panel data (faster and more features)
- Document all specification choices in your code comments
- 始终在处理分配的层面聚类标准误
- 对DiD设计进行趋势前置检验
- 报告IV的第一阶段F统计量（应>10）
- 针对面板数据使用而非（更快且功能更多）
- 在代码注释中记录所有设定选择
- ❌ Not clustering standard errors at the right level
- ❌ Ignoring weak instruments in IV estimation
- ❌ Using TWFE with staggered treatment timing (use or instead)
- ❌ Not reporting robustness checks
- ❌ 未在正确的层面聚类标准误
- ❌ 在IV估计中忽略弱工具变量
- ❌ 对交错处理时点使用双向固定效应（应使用或替代）
- ❌ 未报告稳健性检验
- Initial release with IV, DiD, RDD support