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Academic Paper Writer

学术论文写作助手

Purpose

用途

This skill helps economists draft, structure, and polish academic papers with proper conventions for economics journals. It provides templates for different paper types and guidance on academic writing style.
本技能可帮助经济学家按照经济学期刊的规范起草、构建和润色学术论文,提供不同类型论文的模板以及学术写作风格指导。

When to Use

适用场景

  • Starting a new research paper from scratch
  • Restructuring an existing draft
  • Writing specific sections (introduction, literature review, conclusion)
  • Preparing papers for journal submission
  • 从零开始撰写新的研究论文
  • 重构现有论文草稿
  • 撰写特定章节(引言、文献综述、结论)
  • 为期刊投稿准备论文

Instructions

操作步骤

Step 1: Identify Paper Type

步骤1:确定论文类型

Ask the user:
  1. Is this empirical or theoretical?
  2. What is the target journal/audience?
  3. What stage is the paper at? (outline, first draft, revision)
  4. What sections need help?
询问用户:
  1. 这是实证类还是理论类论文?
  2. 目标期刊/受众是什么?
  3. 论文当前处于哪个阶段?(大纲、初稿、修订稿)
  4. 需要帮助撰写哪些章节?

Step 2: Follow the IMRAD Structure

步骤2:遵循IMRAD结构

For empirical papers, use:
  1. Introduction - Motivation, research question, contribution
  2. Literature Review - Related work and positioning
  3. Data & Methods - Sources, sample, empirical strategy
  4. Results - Main findings with tables/figures
  5. Discussion - Interpretation, mechanisms, limitations
  6. Conclusion - Summary and implications
对于实证类论文,采用以下结构:
  1. 引言 - 研究动机、研究问题、研究贡献
  2. 文献综述 - 相关研究与定位
  3. 数据与方法 - 数据来源、样本、实证策略
  4. 研究结果 - 主要发现及表格/图表
  5. 讨论 - 结果解读、作用机制、研究局限
  6. 结论 - 研究总结与启示

Step 3: Apply Economics Writing Conventions

步骤3:遵循经济学写作规范

  • First paragraph should state the research question and main finding
  • Use present tense for established facts, past tense for your findings
  • Be precise with causal language (effect vs. association)
  • Cite heavily in the literature review
  • Lead with results in the results section
  • 第一段需明确提出研究问题和主要发现
  • 已确立的事实使用一般现在时,个人研究发现使用一般过去时
  • 因果表述要精准(区分效应与关联)
  • 文献综述部分需大量引用
  • 结果部分要开门见山呈现结果

Example Output: Introduction Template

示例输出:引言模板

latex
\section{Introduction}

% Hook - Why does this matter?
[TOPIC] is a fundamental question in economics, with implications for 
[POLICY AREA] and [BROADER RELEVANCE]. Despite extensive research, 
we still lack clear evidence on [SPECIFIC GAP].

% Research question
This paper asks: [RESEARCH QUESTION IN PLAIN LANGUAGE]? 
Specifically, we examine whether [PRECISE FORMULATION OF THE QUESTION].

% Preview of answer
We find that [MAIN RESULT IN ONE SENTENCE]. This effect is 
[economically significant / modest / heterogeneous], with 
[QUANTITATIVE SUMMARY: e.g., "a one standard deviation increase 
in X associated with a Y percent increase in Z"].

% Methodology (brief)
To identify this effect, we exploit [IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY: 
natural experiment / RCT / instrumental variable / RDD]. 
Our data come from [DATA SOURCE], covering [TIME PERIOD] 
and [SAMPLE SIZE] observations.

% Contribution / Related literature
Our paper contributes to several strands of literature. 
First, we extend the work of \citet{Author2020} by [EXTENSION]. 
Second, we provide new evidence on [MECHANISM/CHANNEL] that 
complements \citet{OtherAuthor2019}. Finally, our findings 
have implications for [POLICY/FUTURE RESEARCH].

% Roadmap
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. 
Section~\ref{sec:background} provides background and reviews 
related literature. Section~\ref{sec:data} describes our data 
and empirical strategy. Section~\ref{sec:results} presents our 
main findings. Section~\ref{sec:robustness} discusses robustness 
checks. Section~\ref{sec:conclusion} concludes.
latex
\section{Introduction}

% Hook - Why does this matter?
[TOPIC] is a fundamental question in economics, with implications for 
[POLICY AREA] and [BROADER RELEVANCE]. Despite extensive research, 
we still lack clear evidence on [SPECIFIC GAP].

% Research question
This paper asks: [RESEARCH QUESTION IN PLAIN LANGUAGE]? 
Specifically, we examine whether [PRECISE FORMULATION OF THE QUESTION].

% Preview of answer
We find that [MAIN RESULT IN ONE SENTENCE]. This effect is 
[economically significant / modest / heterogeneous], with 
[QUANTITATIVE SUMMARY: e.g., "a one standard deviation increase 
in X associated with a Y percent increase in Z"].

% Methodology (brief)
To identify this effect, we exploit [IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY: 
natural experiment / RCT / instrumental variable / RDD]. 
Our data come from [DATA SOURCE], covering [TIME PERIOD] 
and [SAMPLE SIZE] observations.

% Contribution / Related literature
Our paper contributes to several strands of literature. 
First, we extend the work of \citet{Author2020} by [EXTENSION]. 
Second, we provide new evidence on [MECHANISM/CHANNEL] that 
complements \citet{OtherAuthor2019}. Finally, our findings 
have implications for [POLICY/FUTURE RESEARCH].

% Roadmap
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. 
Section~\ref{sec:background} provides background and reviews 
related literature. Section~\ref{sec:data} describes our data 
and empirical strategy. Section~\ref{sec:results} presents our 
main findings. Section~\ref{sec:robustness} discusses robustness 
checks. Section~\ref{sec:conclusion} concludes.

Example Output: Results Section Template

示例输出:结果章节模板

latex
\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}

% Lead with the main finding
Table~\ref{tab:main} presents our main results. Column (1) shows 
the baseline OLS specification without controls. The coefficient 
on [TREATMENT VARIABLE] is [POINT ESTIMATE] (s.e. = [SE]), 
statistically significant at the [1/5/10] percent level.

% Add controls incrementally
In column (2), we add [CONTROL SET 1]. The point estimate 
[increases/decreases slightly/remains stable] to [ESTIMATE]. 
Column (3) includes [CONTROL SET 2] and adds [FIXED EFFECTS]. 
Our preferred specification in column (4) includes [FULL CONTROLS] 
and yields [FINAL ESTIMATE].

% Interpret magnitude
To gauge economic significance, note that [INTERPRETATION]. 
A one standard deviation increase in [X] is associated with 
a [Y] percent [increase/decrease] in [OUTCOME], or roughly 
[COMPARISON TO MEAN/OTHER BENCHMARK].

% Brief mention of mechanisms/heterogeneity if relevant
Table~\ref{tab:hetero} explores heterogeneity by [DIMENSION]. 
We find that the effect is [larger/concentrated among] 
[SUBGROUP], suggesting that [INTERPRETATION].

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Main Results: Effect of X on Y}
\label{tab:main}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline\hline
 & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) \\
 & OLS & + Controls & + FE & Preferred \\
\hline
Treatment & 0.052*** & 0.048*** & 0.041** & 0.039** \\
          & (0.012)  & (0.011)  & (0.015) & (0.016) \\
\\
Controls       & No  & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
Fixed Effects  & No  & No  & Yes & Yes \\
Cluster SE     & No  & No  & No  & Yes \\
\\
Observations   & 10,000 & 9,850 & 9,850 & 9,850 \\
R-squared      & 0.05   & 0.12  & 0.35  & 0.35  \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Notes: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01.} \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses.} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
latex
\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}

% Lead with the main finding
Table~\ref{tab:main} presents our main results. Column (1) shows 
the baseline OLS specification without controls. The coefficient 
on [TREATMENT VARIABLE] is [POINT ESTIMATE] (s.e. = [SE]), 
statistically significant at the [1/5/10] percent level.

% Add controls incrementally
In column (2), we add [CONTROL SET 1]. The point estimate 
[increases/decreases slightly/remains stable] to [ESTIMATE]. 
Column (3) includes [CONTROL SET 2] and adds [FIXED EFFECTS]. 
Our preferred specification in column (4) includes [FULL CONTROLS] 
and yields [FINAL ESTIMATE].

% Interpret magnitude
To gauge economic significance, note that [INTERPRETATION]. 
A one standard deviation increase in [X] is associated with 
a [Y] percent [increase/decrease] in [OUTCOME], or roughly 
[COMPARISON TO MEAN/OTHER BENCHMARK].

% Brief mention of mechanisms/heterogeneity if relevant
Table~\ref{tab:hetero} explores heterogeneity by [DIMENSION]. 
We find that the effect is [larger/concentrated among] 
[SUBGROUP], suggesting that [INTERPRETATION].

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Main Results: Effect of X on Y}
\label{tab:main}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline\hline
 & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) \\
 & OLS & + Controls & + FE & Preferred \\
\hline
Treatment & 0.052*** & 0.048*** & 0.041** & 0.039** \\
          & (0.012)  & (0.011)  & (0.015) & (0.016) \\
\\
Controls       & No  & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
Fixed Effects  & No  & No  & Yes & Yes \\
Cluster SE     & No  & No  & No  & Yes \\
\\
Observations   & 10,000 & 9,850 & 9,850 & 9,850 \\
R-squared      & 0.05   & 0.12  & 0.35  & 0.35  \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Notes: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01.} \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses.} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

Example Output: Conclusion Template

示例输出:结论模板

latex
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}

% Restate question and answer
This paper examined [RESEARCH QUESTION]. Using [METHOD/DATA], 
we found that [MAIN FINDING]. This result is robust to 
[ROBUSTNESS CHECKS].

% Implications
Our findings have several implications. For policy, they suggest 
that [POLICY IMPLICATION]. For theory, they provide support for 
[THEORETICAL MECHANISM] and challenge [ALTERNATIVE VIEW].

% Limitations (brief, honest)
Several limitations warrant mention. First, [LIMITATION 1: 
e.g., external validity]. Second, [LIMITATION 2: e.g., 
data constraints]. Future research could address these by 
[SUGGESTION].

% Future directions
This paper opens several avenues for future work. 
[DIRECTION 1]. [DIRECTION 2]. We hope our findings 
stimulate further research on [BROADER TOPIC].
latex
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}

% Restate question and answer
This paper examined [RESEARCH QUESTION]. Using [METHOD/DATA], 
we found that [MAIN FINDING]. This result is robust to 
[ROBUSTNESS CHECKS].

% Implications
Our findings have several implications. For policy, they suggest 
that [POLICY IMPLICATION]. For theory, they provide support for 
[THEORETICAL MECHANISM] and challenge [ALTERNATIVE VIEW].

% Limitations (brief, honest)
Several limitations warrant mention. First, [LIMITATION 1: 
e.g., external validity]. Second, [LIMITATION 2: e.g., 
data constraints]. Future research could address these by 
[SUGGESTION].

% Future directions
This paper opens several avenues for future work. 
[DIRECTION 1]. [DIRECTION 2]. We hope our findings 
stimulate further research on [BROADER TOPIC].

Writing Tips

写作技巧

For Introductions

引言写作技巧

  • First sentence should grab attention - not "This paper examines..."
  • State your contribution clearly - what's new about this paper?
  • Be specific about magnitudes - don't just say "large effect"
  • Acknowledge limitations preemptively in the last paragraph
  • 第一句话需吸引读者注意力 - 不要用“本文研究了……”开头
  • 明确阐述研究贡献 - 本文的创新点是什么?
  • 具体说明影响幅度 - 不要只说“影响显著”
  • 在最后一段提前说明研究局限

For Results

结果部分写作技巧

  • Lead with numbers - put the coefficient in the first sentence
  • Interpret economically - what does a 0.05 coefficient mean?
  • Guide the reader through tables column by column
  • Don't oversell - distinguish statistical from economic significance
  • 用数据开篇 - 第一句话就给出系数值
  • 从经济学角度解读 - 0.05的系数意味着什么?
  • 引导读者逐列解读表格
  • 不要夸大结论 - 区分统计显著性与经济显著性

For Conclusions

结论部分写作技巧

  • Don't introduce new results - synthesize what you've shown
  • Be honest about limitations - reviewers will find them anyway
  • End on the contribution - remind readers why this matters
  • 不要引入新结果 - 整合已展示的内容
  • 坦诚说明研究局限 - 审稿人终究会发现这些问题
  • 以研究贡献收尾 - 提醒读者本文的意义

Common Pitfalls

常见误区

  • ❌ Burying the main result in the middle of the paper
  • ❌ Using "significant" without specifying statistical or economic
  • ❌ Over-claiming causality without proper identification
  • ❌ Literature review that's just a list of papers
  • ❌ Conclusion that's just a summary
  • ❌ 将主要结果隐藏在论文中间
  • ❌ 使用“显著”一词却未说明是统计显著还是经济显著
  • ❌ 在缺乏合适识别策略的情况下过度宣称因果关系
  • ❌ 文献综述只是简单罗列论文
  • ❌ 结论仅为内容摘要

References

参考文献

Changelog

更新日志

v1.0.0

v1.0.0

  • Initial release with introduction, results, and conclusion templates
  • 初始版本,包含引言、结果和结论模板