manuscript-typography

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Manuscript Typography Audit

学术手稿排版审核

Pipeline position: Phase 2b (polish audit). Runs in parallel with manuscript-provenance. Depends on: content settled after Phase 1 fixes. See

/manuscript-pipeline

for full execution order.

流水线阶段: 第2b阶段（润色审核）。与manuscript-provenance并行运行。前置条件：第1阶段修改完成后内容已确定。完整执行顺序请查看

/manuscript-pipeline

。

Purpose

审核目的

Audit a LaTeX manuscript for widely-accepted academic typographic conventions that directly affect readability and professional appearance. These are not venue-specific formatting rules — they are cross-venue norms from decades of academic publishing that experienced readers and reviewers notice.

A paper with solid content but poor typography signals inexperience. Reviewers form impressions from visual presentation before reading a single sentence.

针对LaTeX学术手稿，审核被广泛认可的学术排版规范——这些规范直接影响文档的可读性和专业外观。它们并非特定期刊的格式规则，而是数十年来学术出版界通用的跨期刊准则，有经验的读者和审稿人会格外关注这些细节。

内容扎实但排版糟糕的论文会透露出作者缺乏经验。审稿人在阅读正文前，会先通过视觉呈现形成第一印象。

Relationship to Other Skills

与其他工具的关系

Concern	manuscript-review	manuscript-typography (this)	arxiv-preflight
Table content	Data quality, significant figures (§12)	Design: booktabs, alignment, headers, caption placement	Format compliance
Figure content	Colorblind, axis labels, chartjunk (§12)	Design: font matching, backgrounds, subfigure style	Format/size compliance
Rendered output	Legibility, float proximity, page breaks (§23)	Layout: widows, column balance, spacing, float specifiers	N/A
Math notation	Notation consistency, operator formatting (§15)	Spacing, delimiter sizing, display vs inline choices	N/A
Cross-refs	Citation hygiene (§11)	Reference style consistency, non-breaking spaces	N/A
Typography	N/A	Dashes, quotes, units, micro-typography	N/A
Polish	N/A	TODOs, placeholders, metadata, bookmarks	N/A

Rule: This skill audits design and typography. manuscript-review audits content and communication. arxiv-preflight audits submission compliance. No overlap — each reads different signals from the same document.

关注维度	manuscript-review	manuscript-typography（当前工具）	arxiv-preflight
表格内容	数据质量、有效数字（第12节）	设计规范：booktabs样式、对齐方式、表头、标题位置	格式合规性
图表内容	色盲友好性、坐标轴标签、图表冗余信息（第12节）	设计规范：字体匹配、背景样式、子图风格	格式/尺寸合规性
渲染输出	易读性、浮动元素位置、分页（第23节）	布局规范：孤行控制、栏平衡、间距、浮动元素参数	不涉及
数学符号	符号一致性、运算符格式（第15节）	间距、分隔符大小、行内/行间公式选择	不涉及
交叉引用	引用规范性（第11节）	引用样式一致性、非断行空格	不涉及
排版细节	不涉及	破折号、引号、单位、微排版	不涉及
专业润色	不涉及	待办标记、占位符、元数据、书签	不涉及

规则: 本工具审核设计与排版细节。manuscript-review审核内容与表达逻辑。arxiv-preflight审核投稿合规性。三者无重叠——各自从同一文档中提取不同维度的信号。

Workflow

工作流程

1. Ingest

1. 文档导入

Read all

.tex

files (main +

\input

\include

targets). Identify:

Document class and loaded packages
Two-column vs single-column layout
Target venue (if identifiable from class/template)

If compiled PDF is available, use it for rendered inspection checks.

读取所有

.tex

文件（主文件及

\input

\include

引用的文件），识别：

文档类与加载的宏包
双栏/单栏布局
目标期刊（若可从文档类/模板识别）

若已生成编译后的PDF文件，将其用于渲染效果检查。

2. Audit Passes

2. 多轮审核

For each check:

FAIL — convention violated (document file, line, specific fix with LaTeX code)
WARN — debatable but worth considering
PASS — convention followed
N/A — not applicable

每一项检查结果分为：

FAIL — 违反规范（标注文档文件、行号、带LaTeX代码的具体修复方案）
WARN — 存在争议但值得关注
PASS — 符合规范
N/A — 不适用

Pass 1 — Table Design

第1轮审核——表格设计

1.1 Rule structure

Use
```
booktabs
```
package:
```
\toprule
```
,
```
\midrule
```
,
```
\bottomrule
```
No
```
\hline
```
(replace with booktabs equivalents)
No vertical rules (
```
|
```
in column spec) — vertical lines in tables are a hallmark of amateur typesetting
No double horizontal rules
Exception: if the document class mandates a specific table style, note but don't flag

latex

% BAD
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}
\hline
Method & Accuracy & F1 \\
\hline\hline
Ours & 0.94 & 0.91 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

% GOOD
\begin{tabular}{lcr}
\toprule
Method & Accuracy & F1 \\
\midrule
Ours & 0.94 & 0.91 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

1.2 Column alignment

Numeric columns: right-aligned or decimal-aligned (
```
S
```
column from
```
siunitx
```
)
Text columns: left-aligned
Center alignment: only for single characters or very short labels
Header alignment: matches column alignment or centered

1.3 Header formatting

Headers visually distinct from body (bold is standard:
```
\textbf{}
```
)
No ALL CAPS headers (use bold or small caps)
Units in headers: parenthesized or bracketed —
```
Latency (ms)
```
not
```
Latency ms
```

1.4 Best-result indication

If highlighting best results: consistent method across all tables (bold, underline, or marker)
Define the convention in the first table's caption or a footnote
Do not mix bold-for-best and underline-for-best across tables

1.5 Table notes

Footnotes/notes below the table, not in the caption
Use
```
\tablenotes
```
(threeparttable) or manual footnotes with consistent markers

1.6 Caption placement

Table captions ABOVE the table (universal convention)
```
\caption{}
```
before
```
\begin{tabular}
```
Not below — below is for figures

1.7 Caption formatting

Caption label ("Table 1:" / "Table 1.") in bold or small caps — visually distinct from the description text
Caption description text smaller than body text —
```
\small
```
(one step down) is standard;
```
\footnotesize
```
acceptable
Use the
```
caption
```
package to control this consistently:

latex

\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}
% label ("Table 1:") = bold, description = \small
% applies uniformly to all figures AND tables

Never caption text at full body size — it visually competes with the main text and makes the document look untypeset
Never caption text below
```
\footnotesize
```
— becomes unreadable
Consistent across ALL captions (tables and figures use the same size/weight scheme)

1.8 Caption style

Consistent prefix: "Table 1:" or "Table 1." — not mixed (controlled by
```
labelsep
```
in
```
caption
```
package)
First sentence describes what the table shows
Caption is self-contained (interpretable without body text)

1.9 Spacing

```
\addlinespace
```
(booktabs) for logical row groups, not empty rows
No
```
\\[6pt]
```
manual spacing hacks inside tables
Column separation adequate — use
```
@{\hspace{...}}
```
or
```
\setlength{\tabcolsep}
```
if too compressed

1.10 Long tables

Tables exceeding one page: use
```
longtable
```
or
```
supertabular
```
Repeated headers on continuation pages
No font-size reduction to force a table onto one page (below
```
\small
```
is unreadable)

1.1 规则结构

使用
```
booktabs
```
宏包：
```
\toprule
```
、
```
\midrule
```
、
```
\bottomrule
```
禁止使用
```
\hline
```
（替换为booktabs对应的命令）
禁止使用竖线（列格式中的
```
|
```
）——表格中的竖线是业余排版的标志
禁止使用双横线
例外：若文档类强制要求特定表格样式，仅做标注不标记为违规

latex

% 错误示例
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}
\hline
Method & Accuracy & F1 \\
\hline\hline
Ours & 0.94 & 0.91 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

% 正确示例
\begin{tabular}{lcr}
\toprule
Method & Accuracy & F1 \\
\midrule
Ours & 0.94 & 0.91 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

1.2 列对齐方式

数值列：右对齐或小数点对齐（使用
```
siunitx
```
宏包的
```
S
```
列格式）
文本列：左对齐
居中对齐：仅适用于单个字符或极短标签
表头对齐：与对应列对齐方式一致或居中

1.3 表头格式

表头与表格内容视觉区分（标准做法是加粗：
```
\textbf{}
```
）
禁止全大写表头（使用加粗或小型大写字母）
表头中的单位：使用括号包裹——如
```
Latency (ms)
```
而非
```
Latency ms
```

1.4 最优结果标注

若需高亮最优结果：所有表格使用统一的标注方式（加粗、下划线或标记符号）
在第一个表格的标题或脚注中定义标注规则
禁止在不同表格中混合使用加粗和下划线标注最优结果

1.5 表格注释

脚注/注释放在表格下方，而非标题中
使用
```
\tablenotes
```
（需配合threeparttable宏包）或手动添加脚注并保持标记一致

1.6 标题位置

表格标题放在表格上方（通用规范）
```
\caption{}
```
命令放在
```
\begin{tabular}
```
之前
禁止放在表格下方——下方是图表标题的位置

1.7 标题格式

标题标签（"Table 1:" / "Table 1.") 使用加粗或小型大写字母——与描述文本视觉区分
标题描述文本字号小于正文字号——标准做法是
```
\small
```
（小一号）；
```
\footnotesize
```
也可接受
使用
```
caption
```
宏包统一控制格式：

latex

\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}
% 标签（"Table 1:"）= 加粗，描述文本 = \small
% 统一应用于所有图表

标题文本字号绝不能与正文相同——会与正文视觉竞争，使文档看起来像未排版
标题文本字号绝不能小于
```
\footnotesize
```
——会导致无法阅读
所有标题保持格式一致（表格和图表使用相同的字号/字重方案）

1.8 标题风格

前缀格式统一："Table 1:"或"Table 1."——禁止混合使用（可通过
```
caption
```
宏包的
```
labelsep
```
参数控制）
第一句话说明表格展示的内容
标题需独立可理解（无需依赖正文）

1.9 间距设置

使用
```
\addlinespace
```
（booktabs宏包命令）分隔逻辑行组，而非空行
禁止在表格内使用
```
\\[6pt]
```
这类手动间距调整技巧
列间距需充足——若过于紧凑，可使用
```
@{\hspace{...}}
```
或
```
\setlength{\tabcolsep}
```
调整

1.10 长表格处理

超过一页的表格：使用
```
longtable
```
或
```
supertabular
```
宏包
续页时重复表头
禁止通过缩小字号将表格强行压缩到一页（小于
```
\small
```
会导致无法阅读）

Pass 2 — Figure Design

第2轮审核——图表设计

2.1 Caption placement

Figure captions BELOW the figure (universal convention)
```
\caption{}
```
after
```
\includegraphics
```
Not above — above is for tables

2.2 Caption formatting

Same size/weight scheme as table captions — the
```
caption
```
package applies uniformly
Caption label ("Figure 1:") bold or small caps (matches table label style)
Caption description text at
```
\small
```
or
```
\footnotesize
```
(matches table caption size)
If not using
```
caption
```
package: verify manually that figure and table captions use identical formatting

2.3 Caption style

Consistent prefix: "Figure 1:" or "Figure 1." or "Fig. 1:" — pick one for all figures
Matches table caption style (if tables use "Table 1:", figures use "Figure 1:")
Caption self-contained

2.4 Subfigure labeling

Consistent style: (a), (b), (c) — not mixed with (i), (ii), (iii) or a), b), c)
Use
```
subcaption
```
or
```
subfigure
```
package — not manual lettering
Subfigure labels referenced consistently in text: "Figure 1(a)" not "Figure 1a" or "Figure 1 (a)" mixed

2.5 Font consistency

Text within figures (axis labels, annotations, legends) uses a font that complements the body text
Matching the body serif (Computer Modern, Times) or a clean sans-serif (Helvetica, CMSans) is standard
Matplotlib/R/MATLAB default fonts are visually distinct from LaTeX body text — flag when obvious
Font size in figures after scaling: readable at rendered size (cross-reference with manuscript-review §23)
Figure-internal text should be comparable to caption text size — not larger than body text, not smaller than footnotes

2.6 Background

White or transparent background — no gray plot backgrounds (matplotlib default
```
axes.facecolor
```
)
No colored frame/border unless it serves a purpose

2.7 Aspect ratio

Plots not stretched or compressed
Standard aspect ratios: 4:3, 16:9, golden ratio, or square
All panels in a multi-panel figure use the same aspect ratio

2.8 Consistent framing

All figures use the same border/frame approach (all framed or all unframed)
Consistent padding/margins around figure content

2.1 标题位置

图表标题放在图表下方（通用规范）
```
\caption{}
```
命令放在
```
\includegraphics
```
之后
禁止放在图表上方——上方是表格标题的位置

2.2 标题格式

与表格标题使用相同的字号/字重方案——
```
caption
```
宏包会自动统一应用
图表标签（"Figure 1:"）使用加粗或小型大写字母（与表格标签风格一致）
图表描述文本使用
```
\small
```
或
```
\footnotesize
```
字号（与表格标题字号一致）
若未使用
```
caption
```
宏包：需手动验证图表和表格标题格式完全一致

2.3 标题风格

前缀格式统一："Figure 1:"、"Figure 1."或"Fig. 1:"——所有图表选择一种格式
与表格标题风格一致（若表格使用"Table 1:"，图表则使用"Figure 1:"）
标题需独立可理解

2.4 子图标注

标注风格统一：(a)、(b)、(c)——禁止与(i)、(ii)、(iii)或a)、b)、c)混合使用
使用
```
subcaption
```
或
```
subfigure
```
宏包——禁止手动添加字母标注
正文中引用子图的格式统一："Figure 1(a)"而非"Figure 1a"或"Figure 1 (a)"

2.5 字体一致性

图表内的文本（坐标轴标签、注释、图例）使用与正文互补的字体
标准做法是匹配正文字体（如Computer Modern、Times）或简洁的无衬线字体（如Helvetica、CMSans）
Matplotlib/R/MATLAB的默认字体与LaTeX正文字体视觉差异明显——若差异显著则标记为违规
图表缩放后的字体大小：在渲染尺寸下需清晰可读（参考manuscript-review第23节）
图表内文本字号应与标题文本字号相近——不得大于正文字号，不得小于脚注字号

2.6 背景设置

使用白色或透明背景——禁止灰色绘图背景（matplotlib默认
```
axes.facecolor
```
）
除非有特定用途，否则禁止使用彩色边框

2.7 宽高比

图表不得拉伸或压缩变形
标准宽高比：4:3、16:9、黄金比例或正方形
多面板图表的所有面板使用相同的宽高比

2.8 边框一致性

所有图表使用统一的边框处理方式（全部带边框或全部不带边框）
图表内容周围的内边距保持一致

Pass 3 — LaTeX Typography

第3轮审核——LaTeX排版细节

3.1 Dashes

Hyphen (
```
-
```
): compound words (well-known, state-of-the-art)
En-dash (
```
--
```
): number ranges (10--20, pages 5--12, 2020--2023). Common error: hyphen used for ranges ("10-20" → "10--20").
Em-dash (
```
---
```
): parenthetical asides and emphatic breaks. Em-dashes are accepted by CMOS 18, APA 7, and MLA 9 in academic prose — flag the following instead of banning the character:
- Spacing inconsistency: CMOS/APA/MLA use closed em-dashes (
```
text---text
```
  ); journalistic AP style uses spaced (
```
text --- text
```
  ). Pick one and apply uniformly. Mixed usage = FAIL.
- Overuse: more than ~1 em-dash per paragraph or ~3 per page tips into conversational register. Flag clusters as WARN; suggest restructuring to commas/colons/parentheses.
- Misuse for ranges: em-dash where en-dash belongs (
```
pages 5---12
```
  should be
```
pages 5--12
```
  ) = FAIL.
- AI-tell heuristic (advisory only, MEDIUM): dense em-dash usage combined with other AI-pattern markers can indicate unedited LLM output. Defer to
```
manuscript-review
```
  Pass 7b for that judgment, do not flag em-dashes alone as AI tells.

3.2 Quotation marks

Opening:
```
``
```
(backticks)
Closing:
```
''
```
(straight single quotes)
Not
```
"straight quotes"
```
— renders incorrectly in TeX
Nested:
```
`inner'
```
inside
```
 
```
outer'' ``

3.3 Ellipsis

```
\ldots
```
or
```
\dots
```
— not three periods (
```
...
```
)
```
\ldots
```
produces properly spaced ellipsis

3.4 Non-breaking spaces

Before

\ref

Figure~\ref{fig:x}

Table~\ref{tab:x}

Section~\ref{sec:x}

Before
```
\cite
```
:
```
previous work~\cite{smith2020}
```
Between number and unit:
```
10~ms
```
or
```
10\,ms
```
Prevents line breaks that separate a label from its referent

3.5 Ties and thin spaces

Thin space between number and unit:
```
10\,ms
```
,
```
5\,GB
```
,
```
100\,K
```
(use
```
siunitx
```
for consistency)
No space inside parenthetical citations:
```
\cite{x}
```
not
```
\cite{ x }
```
No double spaces in source (harmless but untidy)

3.6 Semantic markup

```
\emph{text}
```
over
```
{\it text}
```
or
```
\textit{text}
```
—
```
\emph
```
nests correctly
```
\textbf{}
```
for bold, not
```
{\bf }
```
New-style font commands (
```
\textbf
```
,
```
\textit
```
,
```
\textsf
```
) over old-style (
```
\bf
```
,
```
\it
```
,
```
\sf
```
)
```
\textrm{}
```
for roman text inside math mode, not manual font switches

3.7 Micro-typography

```
\usepackage{microtype}
```
— enables character protrusion and font expansion
Dramatically improves line breaking and margin alignment with zero effort
If not loaded, recommend adding it

3.8 Special characters

```
\&
```
not
```
&
```
in text
```
\%
```
not
```
%
```
in text
```
\#
```
not
```
#
```
in text
```
\_
```
not
```
_
```
in text
Degree symbol:
```
$^\circ$
```
or
```
\textdegree
```
— not
```
°
```
(Unicode)
Multiplication:
```
$\times$
```
— not
```
x
```

3.9 Ligatures

ff, fi, fl, ffi, ffl must render as proper ligatures (default in CM/Latin Modern fonts)

Flag if

\DisableLigatures

microtype

ligatures=false

is set globally without reason

Some fonts break ligatures — if text renders "ﬁnd" as "f ind" or similar, the font config is wrong
Ligatures should NOT cross morpheme boundaries in some compound words (e.g., "shelfful") — minor, WARN only

3.10 Italic usage — three distinct purposes

Emphasis:
```
\emph{important}
```
— for stress within a sentence
Foreign words:
```
\textit{in vivo}
```
,
```
\textit{a priori}
```
— for non-English terms not yet naturalized
Terms being defined:
```
\textit{A convolutional layer is...}
```
— for the first occurrence of a technical term being introduced
Using bold, ALL CAPS, or colored text for emphasis in running prose = FAIL
Consistent: if "in vitro" is italicized on page 3, it must be italicized everywhere (or nowhere if treated as naturalized)

3.11 No color for emphasis

Colored text in running prose for emphasis (red for important, blue for terms) = FAIL
Color belongs in figures, tables, and hyperlinks — not in body text
Exception:
```
hyperref
```
link colors for cross-references and URLs

3.12 Sentence spacing

LaTeX default: extra space after periods (end-of-sentence). This is traditional TeX behavior.
```
\frenchspacing
```
disables it (uniform spacing). Both are acceptable — but be deliberate.
If using abbreviations with periods (e.g., "et al.", "Fig.", "vs.") without
```
\frenchspacing
```
, add
```
\ 
```
or
```
~
```
after the period to prevent LaTeX from treating it as end-of-sentence:
```
et al.\ 
```
or use
```
\@.
```
before a true sentence-ending period after a capital letter.
Common bug: "...by Dr. Smith" — LaTeX adds extra space after "Dr." thinking it's end-of-sentence. Fix:
```
Dr.\ Smith
```

3.13 Display vs inline math

Expressions with fractions (
```
\frac
```
), sums (
```
\sum
```
), products (
```
\prod
```
), integrals, or matrices should be displayed, not inline — inline rendering compresses them and disrupts line spacing
Short expressions (single variables, simple subscripts, brief equalities like
```
$x = 5$
```
) stay inline
Rule of thumb: if the expression changes the line height, display it
Display equations that are part of a sentence still need proper punctuation
```
\[ ... \]
```
or
```
equation
```
environment — not
```
$$ ... $$
```
(which is plain TeX, not LaTeX, and has incorrect spacing)

3.14 URL handling

URLs in
```
\url{}
```
or
```
\href{}
```
— never bare text or
```
\texttt{}
```
```
\url{}
```
enables line breaking at appropriate characters (/, ., -, etc.)
```
\texttt{https://...}
```
does NOT break across lines → overfull boxes
Load
```
url
```
or
```
hyperref
```
package (hyperref includes url functionality)
If
```
hyperref
```
is loaded: verify
```
breaklinks=true
```
is set in
```
\hypersetup
```
Long URLs in bibliography entries need additional break points. Check for
```
\UrlBreaks
```
:

latex

\makeatletter
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}
\makeatother

Without this, URLs with long path segments (common in blog posts and documentation) will overflow margins in the bibliography even when wrapped in
```
\url{}
```

3.1 破折号使用

连字符(
```
-
```
)：用于复合词（如well-known、state-of-the-art）
短破折号(
```
--
```
)：用于数值范围（如10--20、第5--12页、2020--2023）。常见错误：用连字符代替短破折号表示范围（"10-20"应改为"10--20"）。
长破折号(
```
---
```
)：用于插入语和强调性停顿。长破折号被CMOS 18、APA 7和MLA 9收录为学术散文的规范用法——以下情况需标记为问题而非禁止使用该符号：
- 间距不一致： CMOS/APA/MLA使用无空格长破折号(
```
text---text
```
  )；新闻业AP风格使用带空格长破折号(
```
text --- text
```
  )。选择一种格式并统一应用。混合使用=FAIL。
- 过度使用： 每段超过约1个长破折号或每页超过约3个，会使文本风格偏向口语化。密集使用标记为WARN；建议重构为逗号/冒号/括号。
- 误用： 用长破折号代替短破折号表示范围（
```
pages 5---12
```
  应改为
```
pages 5--12
```
  ）=FAIL。
- AI生成文本识别（仅作参考，中等优先级）： 密集使用长破折号结合其他AI文本特征，可能表明文本未经编辑直接来自大语言模型。该判断需交由
```
manuscript-review
```
  第7b轮审核，不得仅因长破折号使用标记为AI生成文本。

3.2 引号使用

左引号：
```
``
```
（反引号）
右引号：
```
''
```
（直单引号）
禁止使用
```
"直引号"
```
——在TeX中渲染会出错
嵌套引号：在
```
 
```
外层''
```
中使用
```
`内层' ``

3.3 省略号使用

使用
```
\ldots
```
或
```
\dots
```
——禁止使用三个点(
```
...
```
)
```
\ldots
```
会生成间距规范的省略号

3.4 非断行空格

\ref

命令前：

Figure~\ref{fig:x}

、

Table~\ref{tab:x}

、

Section~\ref{sec:x}

```
\cite
```
命令前：
```
previous work~\cite{smith2020}
```
数字与单位之间：
```
10~ms
```
或
```
10\,ms
```
避免将标签与其引用对象分行显示

3.5 绑定空格与细空格

数字与单位之间使用细空格：
```
10\,ms
```
、
```
5\,GB
```
、
```
100\,K
```
（使用
```
siunitx
```
宏包可确保一致性）
括号引用内部无空格：
```
\cite{x}
```
而非
```
\cite{ x }
```
源文件中禁止使用双空格（虽无危害但不整洁）

3.6 语义标记

使用
```
\emph{text}
```
而非
```
{\it text}
```
或
```
\textit{text}
```
——
```
\emph
```
支持嵌套
使用
```
\textbf{}
```
表示加粗，而非
```
{\bf }
```
使用新式字体命令（
```
\textbf
```
、
```
\textit
```
、
```
\textsf
```
）而非旧式命令（
```
\bf
```
、
```
\it
```
、
```
\sf
```
）
数学模式中使用
```
\textrm{}
```
表示罗马字体，而非手动切换字体

3.7 微排版

使用
```
\usepackage{microtype}
```
——启用字符伸出和字体扩展功能
无需额外操作即可大幅改善换行和边缘对齐效果
若未加载该宏包，建议添加

3.8 特殊字符

文本中使用
```
\&
```
而非
```
&
```
文本中使用
```
\%
```
而非
```
%
```
文本中使用
```
\#
```
而非
```
#
```
文本中使用
```
\_
```
而非
```
_
```
度符号：使用
```
$^\circ$
```
或
```
\textdegree
```
——禁止使用Unicode的
```
°
```
乘号：使用
```
$\times$
```
而非
```
x
```

3.9 连字符号

ff、fi、fl、ffi、ffl必须渲染为标准连字符号（CM/Latin Modern字体默认支持）
若全局设置
```
\DisableLigatures
```
或
```
microtype
```
的
```
ligatures=false
```
且无合理理由，标记为违规
部分字体会破坏连字效果——若文本中"ﬁnd"渲染为"f ind"或类似情况，说明字体配置错误
部分复合词中连字符号不应跨语素边界（如"shelfful"）——属于小问题，标记为WARN

3.10 斜体用法——三种不同用途

强调：
```
\emph{important}
```
——用于句子中的强调内容
外来词：
```
\textit{in vivo}
```
、
```
\textit{a priori}
```
——用于尚未本土化的非英语词汇
定义术语：
```
\textit{A convolutional layer is...}
```
——用于首次引入的技术术语定义
正文中使用加粗、全大写或彩色文本表示强调=FAIL
一致性：若第3页中"in vitro"使用斜体，所有位置都需使用斜体（若已本土化则可全部不使用斜体）

3.11 禁止用颜色强调

正文中使用彩色文本强调内容（如红色标记重要内容、蓝色标记术语）=FAIL
颜色应用于图表、表格和超链接——而非正文
例外：
```
hyperref
```
宏包为交叉引用和URL设置的链接颜色

3.12 句末间距

LaTeX默认：句末使用额外间距——这是传统TeX的行为
```
\frenchspacing
```
命令可禁用该功能（统一间距）。两种方式均可接受——但需有意选择。
若使用带句点的缩写（如"et al."、"Fig."、"vs.")且未启用
```
\frenchspacing
```
，需在句点后添加
```
\ 
```
或
```
~
```
，避免LaTeX将其视为句末：
```
et al.\ 
```
或在大写字母后的真实句末句点前使用
```
\@.
```
。
常见问题："...by Dr. Smith"——LaTeX会在"Dr."后添加额外间距，误认为是句末。修复方案：
```
Dr.\ Smith
```

3.13 行间公式与行内公式

包含分数(
```
\frac
```
)、求和(
```
\sum
```
)、乘积(
```
\prod
```
)、积分或矩阵的表达式应使用行间公式，而非行内公式——行内渲染会压缩表达式并破坏行间距
短表达式（单个变量、简单下标、简短等式如
```
$x = 5$
```
）使用行内公式
经验法则：若表达式改变行高，使用行间公式
作为句子一部分的行间公式仍需添加正确标点
使用
```
\[ ... \]
```
或
```
equation
```
环境——禁止使用
```
$$ ... $$
```
（属于plain TeX，非LaTeX标准，且间距错误）

3.14 URL处理

URL使用
```
\url{}
```
或
```
\href{}
```
包裹——禁止裸文本或
```
\texttt{}
```
包裹
```
\url{}
```
可在合适的字符（/、.、-等）处自动换行
```
\texttt{https://...}
```
无法自动换行→会产生溢出边距的盒子
加载
```
url
```
或
```
hyperref
```
宏包（hyperref包含url功能）
若加载
```
hyperref
```
：验证
```
\hypersetup
```
中是否设置
```
breaklinks=true
```
参考文献中的长URL需要额外换行点。检查是否设置
```
\UrlBreaks
```
：

latex

\makeatletter
\g@addto@macro{\UrlBreaks}{\UrlOrds}
\makeatother

若未设置，即使使用
```
\url{}
```
包裹，包含长路径段的URL（常见于博客和文档）仍会在参考文献中溢出边距

Pass 4 — Units and Numbers

第4轮审核——单位与数字

4.1 Number-unit spacing

Space between number and unit: "10 ms" not "10ms"

Best:

siunitx

package —

\SI{10}{\milli\second}

\qty{10}{ms}

Consistent across the entire document
Exception: percentages and degrees can touch the number (convention varies — pick one and stick to it)

4.2 Unit typography

Units in upright/roman font, not italic: "10 ms" not "10 ms"
In math mode:
```
$t = 10\,\mathrm{ms}$
```
not
```
$t = 10\,ms$
```
(italic)
Compound units:
```
m/s
```
or
```
m\,s$^{-1}$
```
— consistent style

4.3 Number formatting

Consistent decimal separator (period in English)
Large numbers: consistent thousands separator (comma, thin space, or none)
Ranges: en-dash (
```
10--20
```
) not hyphen (
```
10-20
```
)
Negative numbers: proper minus (
```
$-5$
```
) not hyphen (
```
-5
```
) in running text

4.4 Significant figures

Same metric → same number of decimal places across all tables and text
Cross-reference with manuscript-review §12 (content consistency)
Precision should not exceed measurement precision

4.5 Percentages

Consistent: "14.3%" or "14.3 %" — pick one
"Percentage points" vs "percent" distinction when comparing percentages

4.6 Inline fractions

In running text:

\nicefrac{1}{2}

\sfrac{1}{2}

(from

xfrac

) — not

$\frac{1}{2}$

```
$\frac{}{}$
```
inline disrupts line spacing by creating a tall element
Display fractions (
```
\frac
```
) are correct in display math and equations
Alternative: "1/2" is acceptable in informal contexts — consistent style across document

4.1 数字与单位的间距

数字与单位之间有空格："10 ms"而非"10ms"

最优方案：使用

siunitx

宏包——

\SI{10}{\milli\second}

或

\qty{10}{ms}

全文档保持一致
例外：百分比和度数可与数字紧连（规范存在差异——选择一种并保持一致）

4.2 单位排版

单位使用正体/罗马字体，而非斜体："10 ms"而非"10 ms"
数学模式中：
```
$t = 10\,\mathrm{ms}$
```
而非
```
$t = 10\,ms$
```
（斜体）
复合单位：
```
m/s
```
或
```
m\,s$^{-1}$
```
——风格保持一致

4.3 数字格式

小数点分隔符一致（英文文档使用句点）
大数：千位分隔符一致（逗号、细空格或无分隔符）
范围：使用短破折号(
```
10--20
```
)而非连字符(
```
10-20
```
)
负数：正文中使用标准减号(
```
$-5$
```
)而非连字符(
```
-5
```
)

4.4 有效数字

同一指标→所有表格和文本中的小数位数一致
参考manuscript-review第12节（内容一致性）
精度不得超过测量精度

4.5 百分比

格式一致："14.3%"或"14.3 %"——选择一种
比较百分比时需区分"百分点"和"百分比"

4.6 行内分数

正文中：使用
```
\nicefrac{1}{2}
```
或
```
\sfrac{1}{2}
```
（来自
```
xfrac
```
宏包）——而非
```
$\frac{1}{2}$
```
行内使用
```
$\frac{}{}$
```
会破坏行间距，生成过高的元素
行间公式中使用
```
\frac
```
是正确的
替代方案：非正式语境中可使用"1/2"——全文档风格保持一致

Pass 5 — Cross-References and Citations

第5轮审核——交叉引用与引用格式

5.1 Reference abbreviation consistency

Pick one and use it everywhere:
- Full: "Figure", "Table", "Section", "Equation"
- Abbreviated: "Fig.", "Tab.", "Sec.", "Eq."
- Mixed within the same category is a FAIL
Common convention: abbreviated in parentheticals, full in running prose ("As shown in Fig. 1" but "Figure 1 shows...")

5.2 Non-breaking spaces

```
Figure~\ref{fig:x}
```
— prevents "Figure" at end of line, "3" at start of next
```
Eq.~\eqref{eq:x}
```
— same
This is the single most common LaTeX typography mistake

5.3 Equation references

Consistent: parenthesized
```
(\ref{eq:x})
```
or
```
\eqref{eq:x}
```
— not mixed
Consistent: "Equation (1)" or "Eq. (1)" or "(1)" — pick one

5.4 Citation style

Consistent bracket style throughout (author-year or numeric — determined by
```
\bibliographystyle
```
)
No manual citation formatting (
```
[1]
```
hardcoded) — always
```
\cite
```
Multiple citations in one bracket:
```
\cite{a,b,c}
```
not
```
\cite{a}\cite{b}\cite{c}
```
Citation-text integration: "Smith et al. \cite{smith}" or "\citet{smith}" — not both styles

5.5 Latin abbreviations and common shorthands

"e.g.," and "i.e.," — always followed by a comma (CMOS). Consistent across document.
"et al." — period after "al" (it's an abbreviation of "alia"). No italics (naturalized).
"vs." — period after. "Versus" in formal prose, "vs." in parentheticals and tables.
"cf." — period after. Means "compare," not "see."
"etc." — period after. Avoid in formal academic prose (prefer explicit enumeration).
If not using
```
\frenchspacing
```
: add
```
\ 
```
after abbreviation periods mid-sentence to prevent extra spacing (see 3.12)

5.6 Hyperref consistency

If using
```
hyperref
```
: link colors consistent (all blue, all black, or all boxed)
No mix of colored and non-colored cross-references
Link targets resolve correctly (no "??" in output)

5.1 引用缩写一致性

选择一种格式并全文档使用：
- 全称："Figure"、"Table"、"Section"、"Equation"
- 缩写："Fig."、"Tab."、"Sec."、"Eq."
- 同一类别内混合使用=FAIL
常见规范：括号内使用缩写，正文中使用全称（如"As shown in Fig. 1"但"Figure 1 shows..."）

5.2 非断行空格

```
Figure~\ref{fig:x}
```
——避免"Figure"在行末，"3"在下行开头
```
Eq.~\eqref{eq:x}
```
——同理
这是LaTeX排版中最常见的错误

5.3 公式引用

格式一致：使用括号包裹
```
(\ref{eq:x})
```
或
```
\eqref{eq:x}
```
——禁止混合使用
格式一致："Equation (1)"、"Eq. (1)"或"(1)"——选择一种

5.4 引用风格

全文档括号风格一致（作者-年份或数字格式——由
```
\bibliographystyle
```
决定）
禁止手动格式化引用（如硬编码
```
[1]
```
）——必须使用
```
\cite
```
命令
同一括号内的多个引用：
```
\cite{a,b,c}
```
而非
```
\cite{a}\cite{b}\cite{c}
```
引用与文本的整合："Smith et al. \cite{smith}"或"\citet{smith}"——禁止混合使用两种风格

5.5 拉丁语缩写与常用简写

"e.g.,"和"i.e.,"——后面必须跟逗号（CMOS规范）。全文档保持一致。
"et al."——"al"后有句点（是"alia"的缩写）。无需斜体（已本土化）。
"vs."——后面有句点。正式散文中使用"Versus"，括号和表格中使用"vs."。
"cf."——后面有句点。意为"比较"，而非"参见"。
"etc."——后面有句点。正式学术散文中避免使用（优先明确列举）。
若未启用
```
\frenchspacing
```
：句中缩写的句点后需添加
```
\ 
```
，避免额外间距（见3.12）

5.6 Hyperref一致性

若使用
```
hyperref
```
：链接颜色一致（全蓝色、全黑色或全带边框）
禁止混合使用彩色和非彩色交叉引用
链接目标可正确跳转（输出中无"??"）

Pass 6 — Page Layout and Spacing

第6轮审核——页面布局与间距

6.1 Float specifiers

Prefer
```
[htbp]
```
over
```
[H]
```
—
```
[H]
```
forces placement and often creates bad page breaks with large whitespace gaps
```
[t]
```
or
```
[tb]
```
acceptable for top/bottom placement
```
[h]
```
alone is fragile (LaTeX often ignores it)
No
```
[h!]
```
or
```
[H]
```
unless there is a specific reason

6.2 Widow and orphan control

No single line of a paragraph stranded at top of page (widow) or bottom of page (orphan)
```
\widowpenalty=10000
```
and
```
\clubpenalty=10000
```
in preamble
Or per-instance
```
\needspace
```
commands

6.3 Column balance (two-column layouts)

Final page: columns balanced (use

\usepackage{balance}

\usepackage{flushend}

)

Unbalanced final page (full left, empty right) looks unfinished

6.4 Manual spacing

Flag excessive

\vspace{}

\hspace{}

\\[Xpt]

\bigskip

\smallskip

These are band-aids for layout problems that should be solved structurally
Acceptable: minimal use in specific float or title contexts

6.5 Page breaks

No
```
\newpage
```
or
```
\clearpage
```
in the middle of sections without justification
```
\clearpage
```
before bibliography is acceptable

6.6 Paragraph spacing vs indentation

Standard LaTeX: paragraph indentation + no extra spacing (default)
Alternative: no indentation + vertical spacing (
```
\usepackage{parskip}
```
)
Mixing both (indentation AND extra spacing) is a FAIL — pick one

6.7 Paragraph indentation size

Standard: 1em to 1.5em (LaTeX default
```
\parindent
```
is ~1.5em)
Too large (>2em): wastes space and looks exaggerated
Too small (<0.5em): indentation is invisible and fails its purpose
Do not manually set
```
\parindent
```
to unusual values without reason

6.8 First paragraph after heading

First paragraph after a section/subsection heading should NOT be indented (LaTeX default behavior)
If someone adds
```
\indent
```
or
```
\hspace{\parindent}
```
to first paragraphs: FAIL
If a package or manual setting indents first paragraphs (
```
\usepackage{indentfirst}
```
): WARN — non-standard in English academic typesetting. Standard in French/some European traditions — acceptable if intentional.

6.9 Line spacing / leading

Standard: single spacing with the line height set by the document class (default
```
\baselinestretch
```
= 1.0)
Double-spacing via
```
\linespread{1.6}
```
or
```
\usepackage[doublespacing]{setspace}
```
= FAIL for submission — this is referee/draft mode, not camera-ready
If the document class is
```
article
```
and double-spacing is active, flag it — likely a forgotten draft setting
```
\linespread{1.05}
```
to
```
\linespread{1.1}
```
is acceptable fine-tuning for some fonts

6.10 Line length / characters per line

Optimal: 45--75 characters per line (Bringhurst). 66 is ideal.
Two-column layouts at standard column widths (~3.3 inches / 84mm) naturally achieve this
Single-column layouts with narrow margins can exceed 90 characters per line → reduced readability
Fix: wider margins, or switch to two-column, or use
```
\usepackage{geometry}
```
to set appropriate text width
If the document class sets the margins (most conference classes do), do not override

6.11 Deferred float accumulation

Read the compiled PDF. Check whether floats (tables, figures) from earlier subsections land in the middle of a later subsection, breaking paragraph continuity.
Symptom: a sentence starts, then 1+ pages of floats appear, then the sentence continues. The reader loses the thread.
Common cause: many
```
[t]
```
floats in a section with dense content. LaTeX defers floats it cannot place, and they pile into the next available space.
Diagnosis: count pending floats at each subsection boundary. If floats from subsection N appear after the start of subsection N+2 or later, flag as FAIL.
Fix: add
```
\usepackage{placeins}
```
and insert
```
\FloatBarrier
```
before subsections that should start with clean text flow (especially methodology/statistics/discussion sections that follow data-heavy sections with many floats).
Alternative:
```
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
```
prevents floats from crossing
```
\section
```
boundaries automatically. For
```
\subsection
```
-level control, manual
```
\FloatBarrier
```
is needed.
Do NOT fix by changing all floats to
```
[H]
```
— this creates worse layout problems (large whitespace gaps).
```
\FloatBarrier
```
at strategic points is the correct solution.
Category: AUTO-FIX (add
```
\usepackage{placeins}
```
+
```
\FloatBarrier
```
before affected subsections)

6.12 Consecutive hyphenated lines

More than 2--3 consecutive line-ending hyphens = visual defect ("pig bristle" or "ladder" in typography)
Fix:
```
\hyphenpenalty=50
```
(default), increase to reduce hyphenation frequency, or rephrase locally
```
\usepackage[none]{hyphenat}
```
disables hyphenation entirely — rarely desirable in academic text
```
\hyphenation{spe-ci-fic-word}
```
for individual problem words

6.1 浮动元素参数

优先使用
```
[htbp]
```
而非
```
[H]
```
——
```
[H]
```
强制固定位置，常导致糟糕的分页和大段空白
```
[t]
```
或
```
[tb]
```
适用于顶部/底部位置
单独使用
```
[h]
```
不稳定（LaTeX常忽略该参数）
除非有特定理由，否则禁止使用
```
[h!]
```
或
```
[H]
```

6.2 孤行控制

禁止段落的单行文本单独出现在页面顶部（孤行）或底部（ orphan）
导言区添加
```
\widowpenalty=10000
```
和
```
\clubpenalty=10000
```
或针对单个段落使用
```
\needspace
```
命令

6.3 栏平衡（双栏布局）

最后一页：栏内容平衡（使用
```
\usepackage{balance}
```
或
```
\usepackage{flushend}
```
）
最后一页栏内容不平衡（左栏满、右栏空）会使文档看起来未完成

6.4 手动间距调整

标记过度使用的

\vspace{}

、

\hspace{}

、

\\[Xpt]

、

\bigskip

、

\smallskip

这些是布局问题的临时解决方案，应从结构上解决问题
可接受场景：在特定浮动元素或标题中少量使用

6.5 分页

若无合理理由，禁止在章节中间使用
```
\newpage
```
或
```
\clearpage
```
参考文献前使用
```
\clearpage
```
是可接受的

6.6 段落间距与缩进

标准LaTeX：段落缩进+无额外间距（默认设置）
替代方案：无缩进+垂直间距（
```
\usepackage{parskip}
```
）
混合使用两种方式（缩进+额外间距）=FAIL——选择一种

6.7 段落缩进大小

标准：1em至1.5em（LaTeX默认
```
\parindent
```
约为1.5em）
过大（>2em）：浪费空间且视觉夸张
过小（<0.5em）：缩进不可见，无法发挥作用
若无合理理由，禁止手动设置
```
\parindent
```
为异常值

6.8 标题后的第一段

章节/子章节标题后的第一段不应缩进（LaTeX默认行为）
若有人为第一段添加
```
\indent
```
或
```
\hspace{\parindent}
```
：FAIL
若宏包或手动设置使第一段缩进（
```
\usepackage{indentfirst}
```
）：WARN——不符合英文学术排版标准。法语/部分欧洲排版传统中是标准做法——若为有意选择则可接受。

6.9 行间距/行距

标准：单倍行距，行高由文档类设置（默认
```
\baselinestretch
```
=1.0）
通过
```
\linespread{1.6}
```
或
```
\usepackage[doublespacing]{setspace}
```
设置双倍行距=FAIL——这是审稿/草稿模式，并非终稿模式
若文档类为
```
article
```
且启用双倍行距，标记为违规——可能是遗忘的草稿设置
```
\linespread{1.05}
```
至
```
\linespread{1.1}
```
可用于部分字体的微调

6.10 行长度/每行字符数

最优：每行45--75个字符（Bringhurst标准）。66个字符为理想值。
标准栏宽的双栏布局（约3.3英寸/84mm）自然符合该标准
窄边距的单栏布局每行字符数可能超过90→可读性下降
修复方案：加宽边距、切换为双栏布局或使用
```
\usepackage{geometry}
```
设置合适的文本宽度
若文档类已设置边距（多数会议模板），禁止修改

6.11 浮动元素堆积

查看编译后的PDF。检查早期子章节的浮动元素（表格、图表）是否出现在后续子章节中间，破坏段落连续性。
症状：句子开头后出现1+页的浮动元素，然后句子继续。读者会失去阅读线索。
常见原因：某章节内容密集且大量使用
```
[t]
```
参数的浮动元素。LaTeX无法放置时会延迟浮动元素，导致它们堆积到下一个可用位置。
诊断：统计每个子章节边界处待处理的浮动元素数量。若子章节N的浮动元素出现在子章节N+2或更晚的位置，标记为FAIL。
修复方案：添加
```
\usepackage{placeins}
```
并在需要以清晰文本流开头的子章节前插入
```
\FloatBarrier
```
（尤其是在数据密集章节之后的方法/统计/讨论章节）。
替代方案：
```
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
```
可自动防止浮动元素跨越
```
\section
```
边界。若需
```
\subsection
```
级别的控制，需手动添加
```
\FloatBarrier
```
。
禁止将所有浮动元素改为
```
[H]
```
——会导致更严重的布局问题（大段空白）。在关键位置使用
```
\FloatBarrier
```
是正确的解决方案。
类别：自动修复（添加
```
\usepackage{placeins}
```
+ 在受影响的子章节前添加
```
\FloatBarrier
```
）

6.12 连续换行连字符

超过2--3行连续以连字符结尾=视觉缺陷（排版中称为"猪鬃"或"梯子"）
修复方案：
```
\hyphenpenalty=50
```
（默认值），增大该值可减少连字频率，或局部改写文本
```
\usepackage[none]{hyphenat}
```
完全禁用连字——学术文本中很少适用
针对单个问题词使用
```
\hyphenation{spe-ci-fic-word}
```

Pass 7 — Code and Algorithms

第7轮审核——代码与算法

7.1 Inline code

Use
```
\texttt{}
```
or
```
\verb||
```
for inline code/identifiers
Consistent: all inline code uses the same formatting
Not: sometimes typewriter, sometimes italic, sometimes nothing

7.2 Code listings

Use
```
listings
```
or
```
minted
```
package — not manual
```
\texttt
```
blocks
Consistent syntax highlighting style
Line numbers if code lines are referenced in text
Font size:
```
\small
```
or
```
\footnotesize
```
— not body size (too large) or
```
\scriptsize
```
(too small)

7.3 Algorithm pseudocode

Use
```
algorithm2e
```
,
```
algorithmic
```
, or
```
algorithmicx
```
package
Consistent indentation
Line numbering if referenced
Input/output clearly stated
Caption above (follows table convention — algorithms are procedural tables)

7.1 行内代码

使用
```
\texttt{}
```
或
```
\verb||
```
包裹行内代码/标识符
格式一致：所有行内代码使用相同的格式
禁止混合使用：有时用打字机字体、有时用斜体、有时无格式

7.2 代码列表

使用
```
listings
```
或
```
minted
```
宏包——禁止手动使用
```
\texttt
```
块
语法高亮风格一致
若代码行在正文中被引用，添加行号
字号：
```
\small
```
或
```
\footnotesize
```
——不得使用正文字号（过大）或
```
\scriptsize
```
（过小）

7.3 算法伪代码

使用
```
algorithm2e
```
、
```
algorithmic
```
或
```
algorithmicx
```
宏包
缩进一致
若被引用，添加行号
输入/输出明确说明
标题放在上方（遵循表格规范——算法属于 procedural tables）

Pass 8 — Typographic Hierarchy

第8轮审核——排版层级

The document's font sizes and weights must form a clear visual hierarchy. Readers unconsciously use size/weight differences to parse document structure. When elements are the same size, the hierarchy collapses and the page looks flat.

8.1 Size hierarchy reference

Standard academic LaTeX size hierarchy (relative to body text):

Element	Size relative to body	Weight	Style
Chapter/Part title	+4--6pt	Bold	Roman
Section heading	+2--3pt	Bold	Roman
Subsection heading	+1--2pt	Bold	Roman
Subsubsection heading	same as body	Bold or italic	Roman
Body text	base (10pt, 11pt, or 12pt)	Normal	Roman
Caption label ("Figure 1:")	1 step below body ( `\small` )	Bold	Roman
Caption description	1 step below body ( `\small` )	Normal	Roman
Table body text	same as body or `\small`	Normal	Roman
Figure-internal text	comparable to caption size	Normal	Sans-serif or body font
Footnotes	2 steps below body ( `\footnotesize` )	Normal	Roman
Code listings	1--2 steps below body	Normal	Monospace
Header/footer	1--2 steps below body	Normal	Roman or italic

Most document classes set this hierarchy automatically. The skill checks that the author hasn't overridden it incorrectly.

8.2 Caption size must be smaller than body

Captions at full body size (e.g., 12pt captions with 12pt body) = FAIL
Captions should be 1 step down:
```
\small
```
(10.95pt for 12pt body, 9.5pt for 11pt, 9pt for 10pt)
```
\footnotesize
```
is also acceptable (slightly smaller)
The
```
caption
```
package is the correct way to enforce this:

latex

% Standard professional setup
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% Alternative: slightly smaller
\usepackage[font=footnotesize, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% With label separator control
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf, labelsep=period]{caption}
% produces "Figure 1. Description" with bold "Figure 1."

8.3 Caption label must be visually distinct from description

Label ("Table 1:" / "Figure 1.") in bold — this is the dominant convention
Alternatives: small caps (
```
labelfont=sc
```
) or bold small caps
Label at the same weight as description text = FAIL — the reader can't quickly find the figure number
The label is a reference anchor; the description is prose. They serve different functions and must look different.

8.4 Heading weight and size decrease with depth

```
\section
```
>
```
\subsection
```
>
```
\subsubsection
```
in both size and visual weight
If the document class provides this (most do), do not override with manual font commands
Manual
```
{\Large\textbf{...}}
```
instead of
```
\section{}
```
= FAIL — breaks numbering, bookmarks, and TOC

8.5 Footnote size

Footnotes should be smaller than body text (standard LaTeX default:
```
\footnotesize
```
)
Footnotes at body size = FAIL
Footnote reference markers: superscript numbers (default) — consistent style

8.6 Table body text size

Table body text at same size as body text or one step down (
```
\small
```
)
Tables should NOT be at
```
\footnotesize
```
or smaller to fit — redesign the table instead (fewer columns, abbreviate headers, split into two tables)
Exception: appendix tables with many columns where space is genuinely constrained —
```
\small
```
is the floor

8.7 Header/footer text

Running headers/footers at smaller size than body (standard in most document classes)
Manual headers at body size = visual noise competing with content

8.8 No manual font-size overrides in body

Flag
```
{\large ...}
```
or
```
{\Large ...}
```
in running text (not headings)
Flag
```
{\small ...}
```
wrapping entire sections to fit page limits
These override the hierarchy and create visual inconsistency
Exception:
```
\small
```
inside specific floats/environments is acceptable

文档的字号和字重必须形成清晰的视觉层级。读者会无意识地利用字号/字重差异解析文档结构。当元素字号相同时，层级会崩溃，页面看起来平淡无奇。

8.1 字号层级参考

标准学术LaTeX字号层级（相对于正文字号）：

元素	相对于正文的字号	字重	风格
章节/部分标题	+4--6pt	加粗	罗马字体
一级标题	+2--3pt	加粗	罗马字体
二级标题	+1--2pt	加粗	罗马字体
三级标题	与正文相同	加粗或斜体	罗马字体
正文	基础字号（10pt、11pt或12pt）	常规	罗马字体
标题标签（"Figure 1:")	比正文小一号（ `\small` ）	加粗	罗马字体
标题描述文本	比正文小一号（ `\small` ）	常规	罗马字体
表格内容文本	与正文相同或 `\small`	常规	罗马字体
图表内文本	与标题字号相近	常规	无衬线字体或正文字体
脚注	比正文小两号（ `\footnotesize` ）	常规	罗马字体
代码列表	比正文小1--2号	常规	等宽字体
页眉/页脚	比正文小1--2号	常规	罗马字体或斜体

多数文档类会自动设置该层级。本工具检查作者是否错误地覆盖了默认设置。

8.2 标题字号必须小于正文

标题字号与正文相同（如12pt正文配12pt标题）=FAIL
标题应小一号：
```
\small
```
（12pt正文对应10.95pt，11pt正文对应9.5pt，10pt正文对应9pt）
```
\footnotesize
```
也可接受（略小）
使用
```
caption
```
宏包是统一控制格式的正确方式：

latex

% 标准专业配置
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% 替代方案：略小字号
\usepackage[font=footnotesize, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% 带标签分隔符控制
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf, labelsep=period]{caption}
% 生成"Figure 1. Description"格式，其中"Figure 1."为加粗

8.3 标题标签必须与描述文本视觉区分

标签（"Table 1:" / "Figure 1.") 使用加粗——这是主流规范
替代方案：小型大写字母（
```
labelfont=sc
```
）或加粗小型大写字母
标签与描述文本字重相同=FAIL——读者无法快速找到图表编号
标签是引用锚点，描述文本是散文。二者功能不同，必须视觉区分。

8.4 标题字重和字号随层级降低而减小

```
\section
```
>
```
\subsection
```
>
```
\subsubsection
```
，字号和视觉字重依次减小
若文档类已提供该层级（多数情况），禁止使用手动字体命令覆盖
使用手动
```
{\Large\textbf{...}}
```
而非
```
\section{}
```
=FAIL——破坏编号、书签和目录

8.5 脚注字号

脚注字号应小于正文（标准LaTeX默认：
```
\footnotesize
```
）
脚注字号与正文相同=FAIL
脚注引用标记：上标数字（默认）——风格一致

8.6 表格内容字号

表格内容字号与正文相同或小一号（
```
\small
```
）
禁止使用
```
\footnotesize
```
或更小字号来压缩表格——应重新设计表格（减少列数、缩写表头、拆分为两个表格）
例外：附录中列数较多且空间确实受限的表格——
```
\small
```
是最小可接受字号

8.7 页眉/页脚文本

页眉/页脚文本字号小于正文（多数文档类默认设置）
手动设置页眉为正文字号=视觉干扰，与正文竞争注意力

8.8 正文中禁止手动字号覆盖

标记正文中的
```
{\large ...}
```
或
```
{\Large ...}
```
（标题除外）
标记用
```
{\small ...}
```
包裹整个章节以适应页面限制的情况
这些操作会覆盖层级结构，导致视觉不一致
例外：特定浮动元素/环境内使用
```
\small
```
是可接受的

Pass 9 — Professional Polish

第9轮审核——专业润色

9.1 Placeholder detection

No "TODO", "FIXME", "XXX", "PLACEHOLDER", "TBD" in any
```
.tex
```
file
No "Lorem ipsum" or filler text
No commented-out paragraphs that are clearly draft remnants (as opposed to intentional version tracking)

9.2 PDF metadata (if PDF available)

Title set in PDF properties (not "main.tex" or blank)
Author set in PDF properties

\hypersetup{pdftitle={...}, pdfauthor={...}}

configured

9.3 PDF bookmarks

```
hyperref
```
loaded with bookmarks enabled (default)
Section structure navigable via PDF reader sidebar
Bookmark text matches section titles

9.4 Consistent package loading

No duplicate
```
\usepackage
```
calls for the same package
No conflicting package options
Package loading order follows conventions (hyperref last or near-last)

9.5 Overfull/underfull box warnings (MANDATORY — do not skip)

Read the
```
.log
```
file (same name as main tex, e.g.,
```
main.log
```
or
```
yuj.log
```
)
Grep for
```
Overfull \\hbox
```
— each is text extending past the margin
Report every instance with the line number and badness value
Common causes: long URLs in bibliography, unbreakable inline math, wide
```
\resizebox
```
tables, long
```
\texttt{}
```
strings
Fix per cause:
- URLs:
```
breaklinks=true
```
  +
```
\UrlBreaks{\UrlOrds}
```
  (see 3.14)
- Inline math: break with
```
\allowbreak
```
  or move to display
- Tables: check
```
\resizebox
```
  scaling, consider
```
\small
```
  or redesign
- ```
\texttt{}
```
  : replace with
```
\url{}
```
  for URLs, add
```
\allowbreak
```
  for paths
Also check for
```
Underfull \\hbox
```
with badness > 5000 — these produce visibly loose lines

9.6 Unresolved references

No
```
??
```
in rendered output from unresolved
```
\ref
```
or
```
\cite
```
No
```
[?]
```
from missing bibliography entries
Check
```
.log
```
for "Reference ... undefined" and "Citation ... undefined"

9.1 占位符检测

所有
```
.tex
```
文件中禁止出现"TODO"、"FIXME"、"XXX"、"PLACEHOLDER"、"TBD"
禁止出现"Lorem ipsum"或填充文本
禁止出现明显是草稿残留的注释段落（与有意的版本跟踪不同）

9.2 PDF元数据（若PDF可用）

PDF属性中已设置标题（而非"main.tex"或空白）
PDF属性中已设置作者

已配置

\hypersetup{pdftitle={...}, pdfauthor={...}}

9.3 PDF书签

已加载
```
hyperref
```
且启用书签（默认设置）
可通过PDF阅读器侧边栏导航章节结构
书签文本与章节标题一致

9.4 宏包加载一致性

禁止重复加载同一宏包
禁止冲突的宏包选项
宏包加载顺序遵循规范（hyperref最后或接近最后加载）

9.5 溢出/不足盒子警告（必须检查——不得跳过）

读取
```
.log
```
文件（与主tex文件同名，如
```
main.log
```
或
```
yuj.log
```
）
搜索
```
Overfull \\hbox
```
——每个结果表示文本溢出边距
报告每个实例的行号和badness值
常见原因：参考文献中的长URL、不可换行的行内公式、过宽的
```
\resizebox
```
表格、长
```
\texttt{}
```
字符串
按原因修复：
- URL：设置
```
breaklinks=true
```
  +
```
\UrlBreaks{\UrlOrds}
```
  （见3.14）
- 行内公式：使用
```
\allowbreak
```
  换行或改为行间公式
- 表格：检查
```
\resizebox
```
  缩放比例，考虑使用
```
\small
```
  或重新设计
- ```
\texttt{}
```
  ：URL替换为
```
\url{}
```
  ，路径添加
```
\allowbreak
```
同时检查badness>5000的
```
Underfull \\hbox
```
——这些会导致明显松散的行

9.6 未解析引用

渲染输出中无
```
??
```
（来自未解析的
```
\ref
```
或
```
\cite
```
）
无
```
[?]
```
（来自缺失的参考文献条目）
查看
```
.log
```
文件中的"Reference ... undefined"和"Citation ... undefined"信息

3. Generate Report

3. 生成审核报告

markdown

undefined

markdown

undefined

Typography Audit Report

排版审核报告

Manuscript: [main tex file] Document class: [detected class] Layout: [single/two-column] Date: [date] Verdict: [Professional | Needs Polish | Significant Issues]

手稿: [主tex文件] 文档类: [检测到的文档类] 布局: [单栏/双栏] 日期: [日期] 结论: [专业级 | 需要润色 | 存在重大问题]

Summary

摘要

Category	Pass	Fail	Warn
Table Design
Figure Design
LaTeX Typography
Units & Numbers
Cross-References
Page Layout
Code & Algorithms
Typographic Hierarchy
Professional Polish

类别	通过	失败	警告
表格设计
图表设计
LaTeX排版细节
单位与数字
交叉引用
页面布局
代码与算法
排版层级
专业润色

Fixes (ordered by impact)

修复建议（按影响优先级排序）

High Impact (visual professionalism)

高影响（视觉专业性）

[Issues that experienced readers/reviewers will notice immediately]

[有经验的读者/审稿人会立即注意到的问题]

Medium Impact (readability)

中影响（可读性）

[Issues that affect reading experience but may not be consciously noticed]

[影响阅读体验但可能未被读者有意识注意到的问题]

Low Impact (polish)

低影响（细节润色）

[Micro-issues that matter for camera-ready / final versions]

[仅对终稿/印刷版重要的微问题]

Quick Fixes

快速修复

[One-line fixes: add microtype, add booktabs, fix non-breaking spaces — items that take <1 minute each and improve the document noticeably]

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[单行修复方案：添加microtype、添加booktabs、修复非断行空格—— 每项耗时<1分钟且显著提升文档质量]

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4. Output

4. 输出

Save report as

[manuscript-name]-typography-report.md

in the project directory.

Present:

Verdict
Count of high/medium/low issues
Top 5 quick fixes (highest impact for least effort)
Specific LaTeX code for each fix

将报告保存为

[手稿名称]-typography-report.md

，存储在项目目录中。

展示内容：

审核结论
高/中/低影响问题数量
前5项快速修复方案（投入产出比最高）
每个修复方案对应的具体LaTeX代码

LaTeX Quick-Fix Reference

LaTeX快速修复参考

Common one-line preamble additions that resolve multiple issues:

latex

% Micro-typography: better line breaks, margin alignment
\usepackage{microtype}

% Professional tables: \toprule, \midrule, \bottomrule
\usepackage{booktabs}

% Proper SI units: \SI{10}{\milli\second}
\usepackage{siunitx}

% Subfigures with consistent labeling
\usepackage[labelformat=parens]{subcaption}

% Widow/orphan prevention
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000

% Two-column balance on last page
\usepackage{balance}  % add \balance before \bibliography

% Caption formatting: bold label, small text
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% Inline fractions: \nicefrac{1}{2}
\usepackage{nicefrac}

% PDF metadata
\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={Your Paper Title},
  pdfauthor={Author Names},
}

常见的单行导言区添加命令，可解决多个问题：

latex

% 微排版：优化换行、边缘对齐
\usepackage{microtype}

% 专业表格：\toprule、\midrule、\bottomrule
\usepackage{booktabs}

% 标准SI单位：\SI{10}{\milli\second}
\usepackage{siunitx}

% 子图统一标注
\usepackage[labelformat=parens]{subcaption}

% 孤行控制
\widowpenalty=10000
\clubpenalty=10000

% 双栏最后一页平衡
\usepackage{balance}  % 在\bibliography前添加\balance

% 标题格式：加粗标签、小号文本
\usepackage[font=small, labelfont=bf]{caption}

% 行内分数：\nicefrac{1}{2}
\usepackage{nicefrac}

% PDF元数据
\hypersetup{
  pdftitle={Your Paper Title},
  pdfauthor={Author Names},
}

Core Principles

核心原则

Conventions, not preferences. Every check in this audit reflects a norm practiced by the majority of well-typeset academic papers across venues. Where conventions genuinely vary (e.g., percentage spacing), flag as WARN with both options and ask for consistency.
Document class awareness. Some document classes override default conventions (e.g.,
```
IEEEtran
```
has its own table style). When the class dictates a style, follow it — do not impose conflicting conventions.
Fix the source, not the symptom.
```
\vspace{-3mm}
```
to fix spacing is a symptom-level hack. Fixing the float specifier or package configuration that caused the bad spacing is the real fix.
Quick wins first. The report prioritizes fixes by impact-to-effort ratio. Adding
```
\usepackage{microtype}
```
takes 5 seconds and improves every page. That goes before suggestions to redesign all tables.
No style imposition. This skill does not enforce "my preferred style." It enforces consistency within the document and adherence to conventions that have broad consensus. Where the author has made a deliberate, consistent choice, respect it.

遵循规范，而非个人偏好。 本审核中的每一项检查都反映了大多数排版精良的学术论文所遵循的通用准则。若规范确实存在差异（如百分比间距），标记为WARN并提供两种选项，要求保持一致性。
尊重文档类设置。 部分文档类会覆盖默认规范（如
```
IEEEtran
```
有自己的表格样式）。当文档类强制要求特定样式时，遵循该样式——不得强加冲突的规范。
修复根源，而非症状。 使用
```
\vspace{-3mm}
```
调整间距是治标不治本的临时方案。修复导致不良间距的浮动元素参数或宏包配置才是真正的解决方案。
优先快速见效的修复。 报告按影响-投入比排序修复建议。添加
```
\usepackage{microtype}
```
只需5秒，却能改善每一页的排版效果。这类修复优先于重新设计所有表格的建议。
不强制个人风格。 本工具不强制执行“我偏好的风格”。它仅要求文档内部保持一致性，并遵循广泛共识的规范。若作者做出了明确、一致的选择，予以尊重。