app-ui-design
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ChineseMobile App UI Design
移动应用UI设计
Expert guidance for designing beautiful, accessible, and platform-native mobile app interfaces following 2025 best practices.
遵循2025年最佳实践,为设计美观、无障碍且符合平台原生特性的移动应用界面提供专业指导。
Core Philosophy
核心理念
- User-First Design — Prioritize user needs, behaviors, and mental models over aesthetics
- Platform Consistency — Follow iOS HIG and Android Material Design guidelines
- Accessibility as Foundation — Design for all users from the start, not as an afterthought
- Emotional Intelligence — Create interfaces that users emotionally connect with
- Performance-Conscious — Beautiful design that doesn't sacrifice app performance
- 用户优先设计 — 优先考虑用户需求、行为和心智模型,而非单纯的美观
- 平台一致性 — 遵循iOS HIG(Human Interface Guidelines)和Android Material Design规范
- 无障碍为基础 — 从设计之初就为所有用户考虑,而非事后补充
- 情感化设计 — 打造能让用户产生情感共鸣的界面
- 性能兼顾 — 美观的设计不能以牺牲应用性能为代价
Hard Rules (Must Follow)
硬性规则(必须遵守)
These rules are mandatory. Violating them means the skill is not working correctly.
这些规则是强制性的。违反规则意味着本技能未正常发挥作用。
Accessibility First
无障碍优先
All designs must meet WCAG 2.2 AA standards. Accessibility is not optional.
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❌ FORBIDDEN:
- Color contrast below 4.5:1 for text
- Touch targets smaller than 44×44pt (iOS) or 48×48dp (Android)
- Information conveyed by color alone
- Missing alternative text for images
- Non-keyboard-navigable interfaces
✅ REQUIRED:
- Minimum 4.5:1 contrast ratio for normal text
- Minimum 3:1 contrast ratio for large text (18pt+)
- Touch targets: 44×44pt (iOS) / 48×48dp (Android)
- Support for Dynamic Type / Font Scaling
- VoiceOver (iOS) / TalkBack (Android) compatibility
- Clear focus indicators for keyboard navigation所有设计必须符合WCAG 2.2 AA标准。无障碍设计是必备要求,而非可选项。
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❌ 禁止:
- 文本颜色对比度低于4.5:1
- 触摸目标尺寸小于44×44pt(iOS)或48×48dp(Android)
- 仅通过颜色传递信息
- 图片缺少替代文本
- 无法通过键盘导航的界面
✅ 要求:
- 普通文本对比度至少为4.5:1
- 大文本(18pt及以上)对比度至少为3:1
- 触摸目标尺寸:44×44pt(iOS)/ 48×48dp(Android)
- 支持Dynamic Type(iOS)/ 字体缩放(Android)
- 兼容VoiceOver(iOS)/ TalkBack(Android)
- 键盘导航有清晰的焦点指示器Platform Guidelines Adherence
遵循平台规范
Follow platform-specific design guidelines. Do not mix iOS and Android patterns.
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❌ FORBIDDEN:
- Using Android-style FAB on iOS
- Using iOS-style bottom sheets on Android without adaptation
- Mixing platform navigation patterns
- Ignoring platform typography (SF Pro vs Roboto)
✅ REQUIRED:
iOS (Human Interface Guidelines):
- Use SF Pro font family
- Tab bar at bottom for primary navigation
- Push navigation with back chevron
- Standard iOS controls (UIKit/SwiftUI)
Android (Material Design 3):
- Use Roboto font family
- Bottom navigation bar or navigation drawer
- Material components with ripple effects
- Follow Material You dynamic theming遵循平台特定的设计规范。禁止混合iOS和Android设计模式。
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❌ 禁止:
- 在iOS上使用Android风格的FAB(浮动操作按钮)
- 在Android上使用iOS风格的底部弹窗而不做适配
- 混合平台导航模式
- 忽略平台排版规范(SF Pro vs Roboto)
✅ 要求:
iOS(Human Interface Guidelines):
- 使用SF Pro字体家族
- 底部标签栏作为主要导航
- 带返回箭头的推送式导航
- 使用标准iOS控件(UIKit/SwiftUI)
Android(Material Design 3):
- 使用Roboto字体家族
- 底部导航栏或导航抽屉
- 带波纹效果的Material组件
- 遵循Material You动态主题Consistent Design System
一致性设计系统
Every app must have a documented design system with tokens.
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❌ FORBIDDEN:
- Ad-hoc colors and spacing values
- Inconsistent button styles across screens
- Multiple unnamed font sizes
- Components without defined states
✅ REQUIRED:
Design System Must Include:
├── Color Tokens (primary, secondary, surface, error, etc.)
├── Typography Scale (heading1-6, body, caption, etc.)
├── Spacing Scale (4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, 48px)
├── Border Radius Tokens (none, sm, md, lg, full)
├── Shadow/Elevation Tokens (elevation1-5)
└── Component Library (button, input, card, etc.)每个应用必须拥有带设计令牌的文档化设计系统。
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❌ 禁止:
- 临时定义的颜色和间距值
- 不同屏幕间按钮样式不一致
- 多种未命名的字体大小
- 组件未定义状态
✅ 要求:
设计系统必须包含:
├── 颜色令牌(primary、secondary、surface、error等)
├── 排版层级(heading1-6、body、caption等)
├── 间距层级(4、8、12、16、24、32、48px)
├── 圆角令牌(none、sm、md、lg、full)
├── 阴影/层级令牌(elevation1-5)
└── 组件库(button、input、card等)Touch-Friendly Design
触控友好设计
All interactive elements must be optimized for touch interaction.
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❌ FORBIDDEN:
- Touch targets smaller than minimum size
- Interactive elements too close together (<8px gap)
- Important actions outside thumb reach zone
- Hover-dependent interactions
✅ REQUIRED:
- Minimum touch target: 44×44pt (iOS) / 48×48dp (Android)
- Minimum spacing between targets: 8px
- Primary actions in thumb-friendly zone (bottom 2/3)
- Clear tap feedback (ripple, highlight, scale)所有交互元素必须针对触控操作优化。
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❌ 禁止:
- 触摸目标小于最小尺寸
- 交互元素间距过近(<8px间隙)
- 重要操作位于拇指触及范围之外
- 依赖悬停的交互
✅ 要求:
- 最小触摸目标尺寸:44×44pt(iOS)/ 48×48dp(Android)
- 触摸目标间最小间距:8px
- 主要操作位于拇指友好区域(屏幕下方2/3部分)
- 清晰的点击反馈(波纹、高亮、缩放)Quick Reference
快速参考
When to Use What
场景对应方案
| Scenario | Approach | Key Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| New app design | Start with design system | Define tokens before screens |
| iOS-only app | Human Interface Guidelines | SF Pro, standard iOS patterns |
| Android-only app | Material Design 3 | Roboto, Material components |
| Cross-platform app | Adaptive design | Platform-specific navigation |
| Redesign existing app | Audit first | Maintain mental models |
| Accessibility review | WCAG 2.2 AA checklist | Contrast, touch targets, labels |
| 场景 | 方法 | 关键考虑因素 |
|---|---|---|
| 新应用设计 | 从设计系统开始 | 先定义令牌再设计界面 |
| iOS专属应用 | 遵循Human Interface Guidelines | SF Pro字体、标准iOS模式 |
| Android专属应用 | 遵循Material Design 3 | Roboto字体、Material组件 |
| 跨平台应用 | 自适应设计 | 平台特定的导航模式 |
| 现有应用重设计 | 先做审计 | 保留用户心智模型 |
| 无障碍评审 | 使用WCAG 2.2 AA检查清单 | 对比度、触摸目标、标签 |
Design System Fundamentals
设计系统基础
Color System
颜色系统
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undefinedColor Token Structure
颜色令牌结构
Semantic Colors
语义化颜色
primary → Main brand color, CTAs
primary-variant → Darker/lighter primary for states
secondary → Secondary actions, accents
background → App background
surface → Card backgrounds, elevated surfaces
error → Error states, destructive actions
on-primary → Text/icons on primary color
on-background → Text/icons on background
on-surface → Text/icons on surface
primary → 主品牌色、主要操作按钮(CTA)
primary-variant → 主色的深浅变体,用于不同状态
secondary → 次要操作、强调元素
background → 应用背景色
surface → 卡片背景、悬浮表面
error → 错误状态、破坏性操作
on-primary → 主色上的文本/图标颜色
on-background → 背景上的文本/图标颜色
on-surface → 表面上的文本/图标颜色
Color Palette (60-30-10 Rule)
配色比例(60-30-10规则)
60% → Neutral/background colors
30% → Secondary/supporting colors
10% → Accent/primary colors
60% → 中性色/背景色
30% → 次要/辅助色
10% → 强调/主色
Dark Mode Considerations
深色模式注意事项
- Don't just invert colors
- Use desaturated colors for dark surfaces
- Reduce contrast slightly (avoid pure white on black)
- Maintain color meaning across modes
undefined- 不要简单反转颜色
- 深色表面使用低饱和度颜色
- 适当降低对比度(避免纯黑配纯白)
- 保持颜色在不同模式下的语义一致
undefinedTypography Scale
排版层级
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undefinedMobile Typography Guidelines
移动应用排版规范
iOS Typography (SF Pro)
iOS排版(SF Pro)
Large Title → 34pt, Bold
Title 1 → 28pt, Bold
Title 2 → 22pt, Bold
Title 3 → 20pt, Semibold
Headline → 17pt, Semibold
Body → 17pt, Regular
Callout → 16pt, Regular
Subhead → 15pt, Regular
Footnote → 13pt, Regular
Caption 1 → 12pt, Regular
Caption 2 → 11pt, Regular
Large Title → 34pt,粗体
Title 1 → 28pt,粗体
Title 2 → 22pt,粗体
Title 3 → 20pt,半粗体
Headline → 17pt,半粗体
Body → 17pt,常规体
Callout → 16pt,常规体
Subhead → 15pt,常规体
Footnote → 13pt,常规体
Caption 1 → 12pt,常规体
Caption 2 → 11pt,常规体
Android Typography (Roboto / Material 3)
Android排版(Roboto / Material 3)
Display Large → 57sp
Display Medium → 45sp
Display Small → 36sp
Headline Large → 32sp
Headline Medium→ 28sp
Headline Small → 24sp
Title Large → 22sp
Title Medium → 16sp, Medium
Title Small → 14sp, Medium
Body Large → 16sp
Body Medium → 14sp
Body Small → 12sp
Label Large → 14sp, Medium
Label Medium → 12sp, Medium
Label Small → 11sp, Medium
Display Large → 57sp
Display Medium → 45sp
Display Small → 36sp
Headline Large → 32sp
Headline Medium→ 28sp
Headline Small → 24sp
Title Large → 22sp
Title Medium → 16sp,中等体
Title Small → 14sp,中等体
Body Large → 16sp
Body Medium → 14sp
Body Small → 12sp
Label Large → 14sp,中等体
Label Medium → 12sp,中等体
Label Small → 11sp,中等体
Best Practices
最佳实践
- Maximum 2-3 font families per app
- Minimum body text: 16px (14px absolute minimum)
- Line height: 1.4-1.6× font size for body text
- Support Dynamic Type (iOS) / Font Scaling (Android)
undefined- 每个应用最多使用2-3种字体家族
- 正文最小字号:16px(绝对最小值14px)
- 正文行高:字号的1.4-1.6倍
- 支持Dynamic Type(iOS)/ 字体缩放(Android)
undefinedSpacing System
间距系统
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undefinedmarkdown
undefined8-Point Grid System
8点网格系统
Base Unit: 8px
基础单位:8px
Spacing Scale
间距层级
spacing-0 → 0px
spacing-1 → 4px (half unit)
spacing-2 → 8px (1 unit)
spacing-3 → 12px (1.5 units)
spacing-4 → 16px (2 units)
spacing-5 → 24px (3 units)
spacing-6 → 32px (4 units)
spacing-7 → 48px (6 units)
spacing-8 → 64px (8 units)
spacing-0 → 0px
spacing-1 → 4px (半单位)
spacing-2 → 8px (1单位)
spacing-3 → 12px (1.5单位)
spacing-4 → 16px (2单位)
spacing-5 → 24px (3单位)
spacing-6 → 32px (4单位)
spacing-7 → 48px (6单位)
spacing-8 → 64px (8单位)
Component Spacing
组件间距
Button padding → 12px vertical, 24px horizontal
Card padding → 16px
List item padding → 16px horizontal, 12px vertical
Section spacing → 24px-32px
Screen edge margin → 16px (phones), 24px (tablets)
按钮内边距 → 垂直12px,水平24px
卡片内边距 → 16px
列表项内边距 → 水平16px,垂直12px
区块间距 → 24px-32px
屏幕边缘边距 → 16px(手机),24px(平板)
Touch Target Spacing
触摸目标间距
Minimum gap between interactive elements: 8px
Recommended gap: 12-16px
---交互元素间最小间隙:8px
推荐间隙:12-16px
---Platform Guidelines
平台规范
iOS Human Interface Guidelines
iOS Human Interface Guidelines
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undefinediOS Design Principles
iOS设计原则
Core Principles
核心原则
- Clarity → Text legible, icons precise, purpose obvious
- Deference → UI helps understanding, not competing with content
- Depth → Visual layers and realistic motion convey hierarchy
- 清晰性 → 文本易读、图标精准、用途明确
- 顺从性 → UI辅助用户理解内容,而非与内容竞争
- 层次感 → 视觉层级和拟真动效传递结构关系
Navigation Patterns
导航模式
- Tab Bar (bottom) → 3-5 primary destinations
- Navigation Bar (top) → Title, back button, actions
- Modal sheets → Temporary focused tasks
- Popovers (iPad) → Contextual options
- 标签栏(底部) → 3-5个主要目的地
- 导航栏(顶部) → 标题、返回按钮、操作按钮
- 模态弹窗 → 临时聚焦任务
- 弹出框(iPad) → 上下文选项
2025 Updates: Liquid Glass
2025年更新:Liquid Glass
- Translucent materials for controls
- Floating navigation elements
- Dynamic depth and hierarchy
- Background blur effects
- 控件使用半透明材质
- 浮动导航元素
- 动态深度和层级
- 背景模糊效果
Safe Areas
安全区域
- Top: Status bar + Dynamic Island/Notch
- Bottom: Home indicator (34pt on Face ID devices)
- Use safeAreaInsets for proper content placement
- 顶部:状态栏 + Dynamic Island/刘海
- 底部:Home指示器(Face ID设备为34pt)
- 使用safeAreaInsets确保内容正确放置
Standard Dimensions
标准尺寸
- Navigation bar height: 44pt (96pt with large title)
- Tab bar height: 49pt (83pt on Face ID devices)
- Toolbar height: 44pt
undefined- 导航栏高度:44pt(大标题模式下为96pt)
- 标签栏高度:49pt(Face ID设备为83pt)
- 工具栏高度:44pt
undefinedAndroid Material Design 3
Android Material Design 3
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undefinedMaterial Design 3 Principles
Material Design 3原则
Core Concepts
核心概念
- Material You → Personal, adaptive, dynamic color
- Expressiveness → Emotional connection through design
- Accessibility → Inclusive design for all users
- Material You → 个性化、自适应、动态色彩
- 表达性 → 通过设计建立情感连接
- 无障碍 → 为所有用户提供包容性设计
Navigation Patterns
导航模式
- Bottom Navigation → 3-5 primary destinations
- Navigation Drawer → 5+ destinations or secondary nav
- Navigation Rail → Tablets and large screens
- Top App Bar → Title, navigation, actions
- 底部导航 → 3-5个主要目的地
- 导航抽屉 → 5个以上目的地或次要导航
- 导航栏 → 平板和大屏设备
- 顶部应用栏 → 标题、导航、操作按钮
Material 3 Expressive (2025)
Material 3 2025 expressive特性
- Dynamic color from user wallpaper
- Springy, physics-based motion
- Bolder, more expressive typography
- Rounded, approachable shapes
- 从用户壁纸提取动态色彩
- 基于物理特性的弹性动效
- 更醒目、更具表达性的排版
- 圆润、亲和的形状
Component Shapes
组件形状
- Extra Small: 4dp
- Small: 8dp
- Medium: 12dp
- Large: 16dp
- Extra Large: 28dp
- Full: 50% (pills/circles)
- 极小:4dp
- 小:8dp
- 中:12dp
- 大:16dp
- 极大:28dp
- 全圆角:50%(胶囊/圆形)
Standard Dimensions
标准尺寸
- App bar height: 64dp
- Bottom navigation height: 80dp
- FAB size: 56dp (standard), 40dp (small), 96dp (large)
---- 应用栏高度:64dp
- 底部导航高度:80dp
- FAB尺寸:56dp(标准),40dp(小型),96dp(大型)
---2025 Design Trends
2025年设计趋势
AI-Driven Personalization
AI驱动的个性化
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undefinedAdaptive UI Patterns
自适应UI模式
Personalization Strategies
个性化策略
- Content recommendations based on behavior
- Adaptive UI layouts based on usage patterns
- Smart defaults and predictive actions
- Contextual feature suggestions
- 基于行为的内容推荐
- 基于使用模式的自适应UI布局
- 智能默认值和预测性操作
- 上下文相关的功能建议
Implementation Guidelines
实施规范
- Always provide manual override options
- Explain why content is recommended
- Respect user privacy preferences
- Gradual personalization (don't overwhelm new users)
undefined- 始终提供手动覆盖选项
- 解释内容推荐的原因
- 尊重用户隐私偏好
- 逐步实现个性化(不要让新用户感到不知所措)
undefinedDark Mode Excellence
深色模式优化
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undefinedDark Mode Best Practices
深色模式最佳实践
Color Adaptation
色彩适配
Light Mode → Dark Mode
White (#FFFFFF) → Dark gray (#121212)
Black (#000000) → White (#FFFFFF)
Primary (vibrant) → Primary (desaturated)
Shadows → Subtle shadows or none
浅色模式 → 深色模式
白色 (#FFFFFF) → 深灰 (#121212)
黑色 (#000000) → 白色 (#FFFFFF)
主色(鲜艳) → 主色(低饱和度)
阴影 → 柔和阴影或无阴影
Surface Elevation (Material 3)
表面层级(Material 3)
Elevation 0 → #121212
Elevation 1 → #1E1E1E (+ 5% white overlay)
Elevation 2 → #232323 (+ 7% white overlay)
Elevation 3 → #272727 (+ 8% white overlay)
Elevation 4 → #2C2C2C (+ 9% white overlay)
Elevation 5 → #323232 (+ 11% white overlay)
Elevation 0 → #121212
Elevation 1 → #1E1E1E(叠加5%白色)
Elevation 2 → #232323(叠加7%白色)
Elevation 3 → #272727(叠加8%白色)
Elevation 4 → #2C2C2C(叠加9%白色)
Elevation 5 → #323232(叠加11%白色)
Recommendations
建议
- Auto-switch based on system setting
- Separate color tokens for light/dark
- Test contrast in both modes
- Consider OLED optimization (true blacks)
undefined- 根据系统设置自动切换模式
- 为浅色/深色模式设置独立的颜色令牌
- 在两种模式下测试对比度
- 考虑OLED优化(纯黑显示)
undefinedMicrointeractions
微交互
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undefinedMeaningful Motion
有意义的动效
Types of Microinteractions
微交互类型
- Feedback → Button press, form submission
- State → Loading, success, error
- Guidance → Onboarding hints, tooltips
- Delight → Celebration animations, easter eggs
- 反馈 → 按钮点击、表单提交
- 状态 → 加载、成功、错误
- 引导 → 新手引导提示、工具提示
- 愉悦感 → 庆祝动画、彩蛋
Motion Principles
动效原则
- Duration: 200-500ms for most interactions
- Easing: Use natural easing curves
- Purpose: Every animation should have a reason
- Performance: Use hardware-accelerated properties
- 时长:大多数交互为200-500ms
- 缓动:使用自然的缓动曲线
- 目的性:每个动画都应有存在的理由
- 性能:使用硬件加速属性
2025 Trends
2025年趋势
- Springy, physics-based animations
- Morphing transitions between states
- Gesture-driven interactions
- Reduced motion support for accessibility
undefined- 基于物理特性的弹性动画
- 状态间的变形过渡
- 手势驱动的交互
- 支持减少动效的无障碍选项
undefinedGlassmorphism & Neumorphism
玻璃态与新拟态
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undefinedModern Visual Styles
现代视觉风格
Glassmorphism
玻璃态
Properties:
- Background blur (backdrop-filter: blur)
- Transparency (10-40% opacity)
- Subtle border (1px white at 20% opacity)
- Soft shadow
Use Cases:
- Overlays and modals
- Cards on image backgrounds
- Navigation bars (iOS Liquid Glass)
Caution:
- Ensure text readability
- Consider performance impact
- Provide fallback for older devices
特性:
- 背景模糊(backdrop-filter: blur)
- 透明度(10-40%不透明度)
- 细微边框(1px白色,20%不透明度)
- 柔和阴影
适用场景:
- 遮罩和弹窗
- 图片背景上的卡片
- 导航栏(iOS Liquid Glass)
注意事项:
- 确保文本可读性
- 考虑性能影响
- 为旧设备提供降级方案
Neumorphism (Soft UI)
新拟态(Soft UI)
Properties:
- Soft shadows (light and dark)
- Subtle elevation effect
- Muted color palette
Use Cases:
- Toggle switches
- Input fields
- Cards
Caution:
- Often fails accessibility contrast tests
- Use sparingly, not as primary style
- Always test with actual content
---特性:
- 柔和阴影(浅色和深色)
- 细微的层级效果
- 低饱和度配色
适用场景:
- 开关控件
- 输入框
- 卡片
注意事项:
- 通常难以通过无障碍对比度测试
- 谨慎使用,不要作为主要风格
- 始终结合实际内容测试
---Accessibility Checklist
无障碍检查清单
Visual Accessibility
视觉无障碍
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undefinedVision Accessibility Checklist
视觉无障碍检查清单
Color & Contrast
颜色与对比度
- Text contrast ≥ 4.5:1 (normal), ≥ 3:1 (large)
- UI component contrast ≥ 3:1
- Color is not the only indicator (use icons, text)
- Works for colorblind users (test with simulators)
- 文本对比度 ≥ 4.5:1(普通文本),≥3:1(大文本)
- UI组件对比度 ≥3:1
- 不单独通过颜色传递信息(配合图标、文本)
- 适配色盲用户(使用模拟器测试)
Text & Typography
文本与排版
- Base font size ≥ 16px
- Supports Dynamic Type (iOS) / Font Scaling (Android)
- Line height ≥ 1.4× for body text
- Text can scale to 200% without loss of content
- 基础字号 ≥16px
- 支持Dynamic Type(iOS)/ 字体缩放(Android)
- 正文行高 ≥1.4倍
- 文本可缩放至200%且不丢失内容
Focus & Navigation
焦点与导航
- Visible focus indicators
- Logical tab order
- Skip links for repetitive content
- Keyboard-accessible (external keyboards)
undefined- 可见的焦点指示器
- 合理的Tab键顺序
- 重复内容的跳过链接
- 支持键盘导航(外接键盘)
undefinedMotor Accessibility
运动无障碍
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedMotor Accessibility Checklist
运动无障碍检查清单
Touch Targets
触摸目标
- Minimum size: 44×44pt (iOS) / 48×48dp (Android)
- Spacing between targets ≥ 8px
- No time-limited interactions (or extendable)
- Alternative to drag gestures (WCAG 2.2)
- 最小尺寸:44×44pt(iOS)/48×48dp(Android)
- 触摸目标间距 ≥8px
- 无时间限制的交互(或可延长时间)
- 拖拽手势的替代方案(符合WCAG 2.2)
Interaction
交互
- Single-tap for all actions (no double-tap required)
- Undo available for destructive actions
- No precision requirements (fine motor)
- Support for Switch Control / Voice Access
undefined- 所有操作支持单击(无需双击)
- 破坏性操作支持撤销
- 无精细操作要求(针对精细运动能力较弱的用户)
- 支持Switch Control / Voice Access
undefinedScreen Reader
屏幕阅读器
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedScreen Reader Checklist
屏幕阅读器检查清单
Content
内容
- All images have descriptive alt text
- Decorative images have empty alt (alt="")
- Buttons/links have descriptive labels
- Form inputs have associated labels
- Headings used for structure (not styling)
- 所有图片都有描述性替代文本
- 装饰性图片使用空替代文本(alt="")
- 按钮/链接有描述性标签
- 表单输入框有关联标签
- 使用标题构建结构(而非仅用于样式)
Navigation
导航
- Logical reading order
- Meaningful link text (not "click here")
- State changes announced
- Modal focus properly trapped
- Custom components have ARIA roles
---- 合理的阅读顺序
- 有意义的链接文本(避免“点击这里”)
- 状态变化会被朗读
- 弹窗焦点被正确锁定
- 自定义组件有ARIA角色
---Component Patterns
组件模式
Button Design
按钮设计
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undefinedButton Hierarchy
按钮层级
Primary Button
主要按钮
- Most important action on screen
- Filled/solid style
- High contrast
- Only ONE per view section
- 屏幕上最重要的操作
- 填充/实心样式
- 高对比度
- 每个视图区域仅保留一个
Secondary Button
次要按钮
- Alternative actions
- Outlined or tonal style
- Medium contrast
- 替代操作
- 轮廓或色调样式
- 中等对比度
Tertiary Button
三级按钮
- Low-priority actions
- Text-only or ghost style
- Subtle appearance
- 低优先级操作
- 纯文本或幽灵样式
- 外观低调
Destructive Button
破坏性按钮
- Delete, remove, cancel
- Red/error color
- Requires confirmation for important data
- 删除、移除、取消等操作
- 红色/错误色
- 重要数据操作需确认
Button States
按钮状态
- Default → Normal appearance
- Pressed → Scale down, darker
- Disabled → 50% opacity, no interaction
- Loading → Spinner, disabled
undefined- 默认 → 正常外观
- 按下 → 缩小、变暗
- 禁用 → 50%不透明度,无法交互
- 加载 → 显示加载动画,禁用状态
undefinedForm Design
表单设计
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undefinedmarkdown
undefinedForm Best Practices
表单最佳实践
Input Fields
输入框
- Clear labels (above input, not placeholder-only)
- Helpful placeholder text
- Error states with specific messages
- Success validation feedback
- Appropriate keyboard types
- 清晰的标签(位于输入框上方,而非仅用占位符)
- 有用的占位符文本
- 带具体提示的错误状态
- 成功的验证反馈
- 合适的键盘类型
Layout
布局
- Single column for mobile
- Group related fields
- Logical tab order
- Primary action at bottom
- Sticky submit button if long form
- 移动端使用单列布局
- 相关字段分组
- 合理的Tab键顺序
- 主要操作位于底部
- 长表单使用固定提交按钮
Validation
验证
- Inline validation (on blur or after input)
- Clear error messages with fix suggestions
- Don't clear fields on error
- Mark required fields clearly
undefined- 内联验证(失焦或输入后)
- 清晰的错误信息及修复建议
- 错误时不清除输入内容
- 明确标记必填字段
undefinedNavigation Patterns
导航模式
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedMobile Navigation
移动应用导航
Bottom Navigation (Primary)
底部导航(主要)
- 3-5 destinations
- Icons + labels
- Active state indicator
- Consistent across app
- 3-5个目的地
- 图标+标签
- 激活状态指示器
- 全应用保持一致
Tab Bar (Content Switching)
标签栏(内容切换)
- Horizontal tabs for related content
- Swipe between tabs
- Indicator for active tab
- 横向标签用于相关内容
- 可滑动切换标签
- 激活标签有指示器
Navigation Stack
导航栈
- Clear back navigation
- Meaningful titles
- Breadcrumbs for deep hierarchies
- 清晰的返回导航
- 有意义的标题
- 深层级结构使用面包屑
Gestures
手势
- Swipe back (iOS standard)
- Pull to refresh
- Swipe actions on list items
- Long press for context menus
---- 滑动返回(iOS标准)
- 下拉刷新
- 列表项滑动操作
- 长按呼出上下文菜单
---Design Process
设计流程
Workflow
工作流
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undefinedmarkdown
undefinedApp Design Workflow
应用设计工作流
-
Research & Discovery ├── User research and personas ├── Competitor analysis ├── Platform guidelines review └── Technical constraints
-
Information Architecture ├── User flows ├── Navigation structure ├── Content hierarchy └── Sitemap
-
Design System Setup ├── Color tokens ├── Typography scale ├── Spacing system ├── Component library └── Icon set
-
Wireframing ├── Low-fidelity layouts ├── Flow validation ├── Stakeholder review └── Iteration
-
Visual Design ├── High-fidelity mockups ├── Interaction design ├── Prototype creation └── Accessibility audit
-
Handoff & Implementation ├── Design specs documentation ├── Asset export ├── Developer collaboration └── QA review
----
研究与探索 ├── 用户研究与用户画像 ├── 竞品分析 ├── 平台规范评审 └── 技术约束评估
-
信息架构 ├── 用户流程 ├── 导航结构 ├── 内容层级 └── 站点地图
-
设计系统搭建 ├── 颜色令牌 ├── 排版层级 ├── 间距系统 ├── 组件库 └── 图标集
-
线框设计 ├── 低保真布局 ├── 流程验证 ├── 利益相关者评审 └── 迭代优化
-
视觉设计 ├── 高保真原型 ├── 交互设计 ├── 原型制作 └── 无障碍审计
-
交付与实施 ├── 设计规范文档 ├── 资源导出 ├── 与开发者协作 └── QA评审
---Anti-Patterns to Avoid
需避免的反模式
markdown
undefinedmarkdown
undefinedCommon Mistakes
常见错误
Visual Design
视觉设计
❌ Using more than 3 fonts
❌ Inconsistent spacing values
❌ Low contrast text
❌ Overly complex gradients/effects
❌ Ignoring safe areas
❌ 使用超过3种字体
❌ 间距值不一致
❌ 低对比度文本
❌ 过于复杂的渐变/效果
❌ 忽略安全区域
Interaction Design
交互设计
❌ Hidden navigation
❌ Gesture-only actions without alternatives
❌ Tiny touch targets
❌ No loading states
❌ Confusing back navigation
❌ 隐藏式导航
❌ 仅支持手势的操作无替代方案
❌ 极小的触摸目标
❌ 无加载状态
❌ 混乱的返回导航
Accessibility
无障碍
❌ Placeholder-only labels
❌ Color-only information
❌ Auto-playing media
❌ Timed interactions without extension
❌ Missing screen reader labels
❌ 仅用占位符作为标签
❌ 仅通过颜色传递信息
❌ 自动播放媒体
❌ 有时间限制的交互且无法延长
❌ 缺少屏幕阅读器标签
Platform
平台
❌ iOS patterns on Android (or vice versa)
❌ Custom controls when standard works
❌ Ignoring platform conventions
❌ Not supporting dark mode
---❌ 在Android上使用iOS模式(反之亦然)
❌ 已有标准控件却自定义
❌ 忽略平台惯例
❌ 不支持深色模式
---Checklist
检查清单
Before Design
设计前
- Reviewed platform guidelines (iOS HIG / Material Design 3)
- Defined target users and their needs
- Analyzed competitor apps
- Identified accessibility requirements
- Set up design system tokens
- 评审过平台规范(iOS HIG / Material Design 3)
- 定义了目标用户及其需求
- 分析过竞品应用
- 确定了无障碍需求
- 搭建了设计系统令牌
During Design
设计中
- Following 8-point grid
- Using defined color tokens
- Typography from scale only
- Touch targets meet minimum size
- Contrast ratios verified
- All states designed (default, pressed, disabled, error)
- Dark mode variant created
- 遵循8点网格
- 使用已定义的颜色令牌
- 仅使用排版层级中的字号
- 触摸目标符合最小尺寸
- 验证了对比度
- 设计了所有状态(默认、按下、禁用、错误)
- 创建了深色模式变体
Before Handoff
交付前
- Accessibility audit completed
- Tested with screen reader
- Verified on multiple screen sizes
- Motion/animation documented
- Design specs annotated
- Assets exported correctly
- 完成无障碍审计
- 使用屏幕阅读器测试
- 在多种屏幕尺寸上验证
- 记录了动效/动画
- 标注了设计规范
- 正确导出了资源
Tools & Resources
工具与资源
Design Tools
设计工具
- Figma → Industry standard, collaboration
- Sketch → Mac-native, established ecosystem
- Adobe XD → Adobe integration
- Figma → 行业标准,支持协作
- Sketch → Mac原生,成熟生态
- Adobe XD → 与Adobe生态集成
Prototyping
原型制作
- Figma Prototyping → Built-in, quick
- ProtoPie → Advanced interactions
- Principle → Mac, detailed animations
- Figma原型 → 内置功能,快速便捷
- ProtoPie → 高级交互
- Principle → Mac平台,精细动画
Accessibility Testing
无障碍测试
- Stark → Contrast checker (Figma plugin)
- Color Oracle → Colorblind simulator
- VoiceOver (iOS) / TalkBack (Android)
- Stark → 对比度检查器(Figma插件)
- Color Oracle → 色盲模拟器
- VoiceOver(iOS)/ TalkBack(Android)
Platform Resources
平台资源
See Also
相关链接
- reference/ios-guidelines.md — iOS Human Interface Guidelines summary
- reference/material-design.md — Material Design 3 summary
- reference/accessibility.md — WCAG 2.2 mobile checklist
- reference/color-theory.md — Color selection and contrast
- templates/design-system-template.md — Design system starter
- reference/ios-guidelines.md — iOS Human Interface Guidelines摘要
- reference/material-design.md — Material Design 3摘要
- reference/accessibility.md — WCAG 2.2移动端检查清单
- reference/color-theory.md — 色彩选择与对比度
- templates/design-system-template.md — 设计系统模板
Sources
参考来源
Research based on 2025 best practices from: