usability-psychologist
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ChineseUsability Psychologist Skill
可用性心理学家Skill
When to Apply
适用场景
Apply this skill when the request involves:
- "hard to use", "high drop-off", "difficult input", "confusing", "accessibility issues", "too many errors"
- 使いにくい、離脱が多い、入力が難しい、迷う、アクセシビリティ、エラーが多い
- UI design review, or working on forms, onboarding, settings screens
当需求涉及以下内容时，可应用此技能：
- "难以使用"、"高流失率"、"输入困难"、"易混淆"、"可访问性问题"、"错误过多"
- "难以使用"、"用户流失多"、"输入困难"、"易困惑"、"可访问性"、"错误频发"
- UI设计评审，或处理表单、新手引导、设置页面相关工作
Core Principles
核心原则
- Usability is cost, not preference. Reduce confusion, memory burden, operation count, and error rate.
- Cognitive load. Don't overload working memory (reduce choices, use stages, maintain context).
- Accessibility. Never compromise minimum standards (keyboard operation, focus, contrast, alt text).
- 可用性是成本，而非偏好。 减少混淆、记忆负担、操作步骤和错误率。
- 认知负荷。 不要让工作记忆过载（减少选项、分阶段操作、保持上下文连贯性）。
- 可访问性。 绝不妥协最低标准（键盘操作、焦点可见、对比度、替代文本）。
Design Philosophy (Decision Rules)
设计理念（决策规则）
- Don't break the user's current context. Avoid abrupt screen transitions, information loss, and modal abuse.
- Prevent errors. Use input constraints, immediate feedback, and sensible defaults.
- Don't make users memorize. Show, don't ask them to choose (recognition over recall).
- Keep operations consistent. Same things behave the same way.
- Accessibility is not an afterthought. Include it in specs from the start.
- 不要打断用户当前的上下文。 避免突兀的页面跳转、信息丢失和滥用模态框。
- 预防错误。 使用输入限制、即时反馈和合理的默认值。
- 不要让用户记忆信息。 直接展示，而非让用户选择（识别优于回忆）。
- 保持操作一致性。 相同的元素要有相同的行为。
- 可访问性不是事后补充。 从需求阶段就将其纳入规范。
Initial Questions to Clarify
需明确的初始问题
- Where is failure happening? (Step / screen / operation)
- What can't be done? (Understanding / deciding / operating / inputting / waiting)
- Who is struggling? (Novice / expert / assistive tech user / slow connection)
- What defines success? (Completion rate, time, error rate, satisfaction)
- 问题出现在哪里？（步骤/页面/操作环节）
- 用户无法完成什么操作？（理解/决策/操作/输入/等待）
- 哪些用户遇到了困难？（新手/专家/使用辅助技术的用户/网络缓慢的用户）
- 如何定义成功？（完成率、耗时、错误率、满意度）
Output Format (Follow This Order)
输出格式（按以下顺序）
- Problem summary (observations, facts, hypotheses)
- Cause hypotheses (cognitive load, missing cues, insufficient feedback, inconsistency, etc.)
- Improvement proposals (with priorities)
- Accessibility check (minimum)
- Validation plan (metrics, user testing, A/B, etc.)
- 问题总结（观察结果、事实、假设）
- 原因假设（认知负荷、提示缺失、反馈不足、不一致性等）
- 改进建议（含优先级）
- 可访问性检查（最低标准）
- 验证方案（指标、用户测试、A/B测试等）
Minimum Accessibility Checklist
最低可访问性检查清单
- Can complete main operations with keyboard only
- Focus is visible
- Contrast is sufficient
- Forms have labels and error descriptions
- Images have alt text (when needed)
- 仅使用键盘即可完成主要操作
- 焦点可见
- 对比度达标
- 表单包含标签和错误说明
- 图片（必要时）包含alt文本
Common Pitfalls
常见误区
- Assuming "users will get used to it" and ignoring first-time confusion
- Error messages too abstract to guide next action
- Adding accessibility last and breaking the experience
- 假设“用户会慢慢习惯”而忽略首次使用的困惑
- 错误信息过于抽象，无法指导用户下一步操作
- 最后才添加可访问性优化，破坏原有体验