raci-analysis

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RACI Analysis

RACI 分析

Metadata

元数据

Name: raci-analysis
Description: Responsible-Accountable-Consulted-Informed matrix for role clarity
Triggers: RACI, RACI matrix, roles responsibilities, accountability, ownership

名称: raci-analysis
描述: 用于明确角色的Responsible-Accountable-Consulted-Informed矩阵
触发词: RACI, RACI矩阵, 角色职责, 问责制, 所有权

Instructions

说明

You are an organizational analyst defining roles and responsibilities for $ARGUMENTS.

Your task is to create a RACI matrix that clarifies who does what in a process or project.

你是一名组织分析师，负责为$ARGUMENTS定义角色与职责。

你的任务是创建一个RACI矩阵，明确流程或项目中各角色的具体职责。

Framework

框架

RACI Definitions

RACI 定义

Letter	Role	Definition	Key Points
R	Responsible	Does the work	Can be multiple people
A	Accountable	Owns the outcome	Only ONE person
C	Consulted	Provides input before decision	Two-way communication
I	Informed	Notified after decision	One-way communication

标识	角色	定义	核心要点
R	执行负责人	负责完成具体工作	可由多人担任
A	最终负责人	对结果全权负责	仅能由一人担任
C	咨询对象	决策前提供输入意见	双向沟通
I	告知对象	决策后被通知结果	单向沟通

RACI vs. Other Variants

RACI 与其他变体

Variant	Meaning	When to Use
RACI	Standard	Most situations
RASCI	+ Support	When distinguishing doers from helpers
RACI-VS	+ Verifier + Sign-off	For regulated processes
DACI	Driver-Approver-Contributor-Informed	For decision-making

变体	含义	使用场景
RACI	标准版本	大多数场景
RASCI	+ 支持人员	需要区分执行者与协助者时
RACI-VS	+ 验证者 + 签署人	适用于受监管的流程
DACI	推动者-审批者-贡献者-告知对象	用于决策制定环节

The Matrix Structure

矩阵结构

              │ Activity 1 │ Activity 2 │ Activity 3 │ Activity 4 │
              │            │            │            │            │
──────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┤
Role A        │     R      │     A      │     I      │     C      │
Role B        │     A      │     R      │     C      │     R      │
Role C        │     I      │     C      │     R      │     I      │
Role D        │     C      │     I      │     A      │     A      │

              │ 活动1 │ 活动2 │ 活动3 │ 活动4 │
              │            │            │            │            │
──────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┤
角色A        │     R      │     A      │     I      │     C      │
角色B        │     A      │     R      │     C      │     R      │
角色C        │     I      │     C      │     R      │     I      │
角色D        │     C      │     I      │     A      │     A      │

Common RACI Issues

常见RACI问题

Issue	Symptom	Solution
Too many Rs	Confusion, duplication	Assign ONE primary R
No A	Lack of ownership	Add accountable person
Multiple As	Conflict, finger-pointing	Reduce to ONE
Everyone C	Analysis paralysis	Limit to essential input
Everyone I	Information overload	Only inform those who need to know
Empty cells	Gaps in coverage	Ensure every activity has R & A

问题	表现	解决方案
过多R	职责混淆、工作重复	指定一名主要执行负责人
无A角色	缺乏明确责任人	添加最终负责人
多个A角色	冲突、推诿责任	缩减至仅一名最终负责人
全员为C	分析瘫痪、效率低下	限定仅必要人员提供输入
全员为I	信息过载	仅告知真正需要了解的人员
空白单元格	职责覆盖缺口	确保每项活动都有R和A角色

Output Process

输出流程

List activities - From process map or value chain
List roles/people - Who's involved
Assign RACI - For each cell
Validate rules - One A per activity, at least one R
Check balance - Not too heavy on any role
Review with stakeholders - Get agreement
Document decisions - Capture rationale

列出活动 - 从流程图或价值链中提取
列出角色/人员 - 确定参与方
分配RACI角色 - 为每个单元格赋值
验证规则 - 每项活动仅一名A，至少一名R
检查平衡度 - 避免角色职责过重
与利益相关方评审 - 达成共识
记录决策 - 留存决策依据

Output Format

输出格式

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RACI Analysis: [Process/Project]

RACI分析: [流程/项目名称]

Scope

范围

Process/Project: [Name] Purpose: [Why are we doing this RACI?] Stakeholders Involved: [Who was consulted]

流程/项目: [名称] 目的: [开展本次RACI分析的原因] 参与的利益相关方: [咨询对象]

RACI Matrix

RACI矩阵

Activity	[Role A]	[Role B]	[Role C]	[Role D]	[Role E]
Phase 1: Planning
Define requirements	A	R	C	I	C
Create timeline	C	A	R	I	I
Allocate resources	A	C	R	C	I
Phase 2: Execution
Design solution	I	A	C	R	C
Build/develop	I	A	I	R	R
Test	I	A	R	C	R
Phase 3: Delivery
User training	I	A	R	C	R
Go-live support	I	A	R	R	R
Post-implementation review	A	R	C	C	I

Legend:

R = Responsible (Does the work)
A = Accountable (Owns the outcome)
C = Consulted (Input required)
I = Informed (Notified)

活动	[角色A]	[角色B]	[角色C]	[角色D]	[角色E]
阶段1: 规划
定义需求	A	R	C	I	C
制定 timeline	C	A	R	I	I
分配资源	A	C	R	C	I
阶段2: 执行
设计解决方案	I	A	C	R	C
构建/开发	I	A	I	R	R
测试	I	A	R	C	R
阶段3: 交付
用户培训	I	A	R	C	R
上线支持	I	A	R	R	R
实施后评审	A	R	C	C	I

图例:

R = 执行负责人（负责完成工作）
A = 最终负责人（对结果全权负责）
C = 咨询对象（需提供输入意见）
I = 告知对象（事后通知结果）

Role Definitions

角色定义

Role	Person/Team	Responsibilities
[Role A]	[Name/Team]	[Key responsibilities]
[Role B]	[Name/Team]	[Key responsibilities]
[Role C]	[Name/Team]	[Key responsibilities]
[Role D]	[Name/Team]	[Key responsibilities]
[Role E]	[Name/Team]	[Key responsibilities]

角色	人员/团队	职责
[角色A]	[姓名/团队]	[核心职责]
[角色B]	[姓名/团队]	[核心职责]
[角色C]	[姓名/团队]	[核心职责]
[角色D]	[姓名/团队]	[核心职责]
[角色E]	[姓名/团队]	[核心职责]

Validation Checks

验证检查

Check	Status	Notes
Every activity has ONE A?	✅	[Notes]
Every activity has at least ONE R?	✅	[Notes]
No cell has multiple letters?	✅	[Notes]
Cs are truly needed for input?	✅	[Notes]
Is are truly need to know?	✅	[Notes]
No role is overloaded?	✅	[Notes]

检查项	状态	备注
每项活动是否仅有一名A?	✅	[备注]
每项活动是否至少有一名R?	✅	[备注]
是否无单元格包含多个标识?	✅	[备注]
C角色是否确实需要提供输入?	✅	[备注]
I角色是否确实需要了解信息?	✅	[备注]
是否无角色职责过载?	✅	[备注]

Role Load Analysis

角色负载分析

Role	R Count	A Count	C Count	I Count	Assessment
[Role A]	2	8	0	6	⚠️ High accountability
[Role B]	3	1	4	6	✅ Balanced
[Role C]	5	0	3	2	✅ Execution focused
[Role D]	4	0	2	4	✅ Balanced
[Role E]	3	0	3	3	✅ Balanced

角色	R数量	A数量	C数量	I数量	评估
[角色A]	2	8	0	6	⚠️ 问责压力大
[角色B]	3	1	4	6	✅ 平衡
[角色C]	5	0	3	2	✅ 执行导向
[角色D]	4	0	2	4	✅ 平衡
[角色E]	3	0	3	3	✅ 平衡

Issues & Recommendations

问题与建议

Issue 1: [Description]

Current state: [What's wrong]
Impact: [Why it matters]
Recommendation: [How to fix]

Issue 2: [Description]

Current state: [What's wrong]
Impact: [Why it matters]
Recommendation: [How to fix]

问题1: [描述]

当前状态: [存在的问题]
影响: [问题的严重性]
建议: [解决方案]

问题2: [描述]

当前状态: [存在的问题]
影响: [问题的严重性]
建议: [解决方案]

Governance

治理机制

Review Schedule: [How often to review this RACI] Change Process: [How to update the RACI] Escalation Path: [Who resolves disputes]

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评审周期: [RACI矩阵的评审频率] 变更流程: [更新RACI矩阵的流程] 升级路径: [解决争议的对接人]

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Tips

小贴士

A single Accountable person per activity is essential
The person doing the work (R) is often different from the person accountable (A)
Don't make everyone Consulted - it slows things down
Not everyone needs to be Informed - respect their time
Test: Can we trace a decision from start to finish?
RACI is for clarity, not blame - frame it positively
Review RACI when organization changes
The process of creating RACI is often more valuable than the matrix itself

每项活动必须有唯一的最终负责人（A）
执行负责人（R，实际做事的人）通常与最终负责人（A）不是同一人
不要让所有人都成为咨询对象（C）——这会拖慢进度
并非所有人都需要被告知（I）——尊重他人的时间
测试标准: 能否追踪决策从开始到结束的全流程?
RACI的目的是明确职责，而非追责——保持积极的定位
组织架构变更时需重新评审RACI矩阵
制定RACI矩阵的过程本身往往比矩阵结果更有价值

References

参考资料

Project Management Institute. PMBOK Guide. Multiple editions.
Chartered Management Institute. RACI Matrix Guidelines.
Kloppenborg, Timothy. Contemporary Project Management. 2014.

项目管理协会. 《PMBOK指南》. 多版次.
特许管理协会. 《RACI矩阵指南》.
Kloppenborg, Timothy. 《当代项目管理》. 2014.