modbus-debug

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🇺🇸

Original

English

🇨🇳

Translation

Chinese

Modbus 调试

Modbus Debugging

适用场景

Application Scenarios

嵌入式设备实现了 Modbus RTU/TCP 从站，需要验证通信是否正常。
需要读写保持寄存器、输入寄存器、线圈或离散输入。
需要扫描总线上的从站地址，确认设备是否在线。
需要持续监控寄存器值的变化。

The embedded device implements Modbus RTU/TCP slave, and needs to verify whether the communication is normal.
Need to read/write holding registers, input registers, coils or discrete inputs.
Need to scan slave addresses on the bus to confirm whether the device is online.
Need to continuously monitor changes in register values.

必要输入

Required Inputs

RTU 模式：串口号（如 COM42）、波特率、从站地址。
TCP 模式：主机 IP 和端口、从站地址。
操作类型：读/写/扫描/监控。

RTU mode: serial port number (e.g. COM42), baud rate, slave address.
TCP mode: host IP and port, slave address.
Operation type: read/write/scan/monitor.

依赖

Dependencies

```
pymodbus
```
（pip install pymodbus）
```
pyserial
```
（RTU 模式需要）

```
pymodbus
```
(pip install pymodbus)
```
pyserial
```
(required for RTU mode)

执行步骤

Execution Steps

先阅读 references/usage.md，确认操作参数。
探测环境：
bash
```
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --detect
```

根据需求执行对应操作：

bash

# 读保持寄存器
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --slave 1 --read --address 0 --count 10

# 写寄存器
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --slave 1 --write --address 0 --values 100,200

# 扫描从站
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --scan --scan-range 1-10

# TCP 读取
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --tcp --host 192.168.1.100 --slave 1 --read --address 0 --count 10

First read references/usage.md to confirm the operation parameters.
Detect the environment:
bash
```
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --detect
```

Execute the corresponding operation according to requirements:

bash

# Read holding registers
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --slave 1 --read --address 0 --count 10

# Write registers
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --slave 1 --write --address 0 --values 100,200

# Scan slaves
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --port COM42 --scan --scan-range 1-10

# TCP read
python scripts/modbus_tool.py --tcp --host 192.168.1.100 --slave 1 --read --address 0 --count 10

失败分流

Failure Branches

```
connection-failure
```
：串口无法打开、网络不通。
```
slave-no-response
```
：从站地址无响应。
```
illegal-function
```
：设备不支持该功能码。
```
illegal-address
```
：寄存器地址越界。

```
connection-failure
```
: Serial port cannot be opened, network is unreachable.
```
slave-no-response
```
: No response from slave address.
```
illegal-function
```
: The device does not support this function code.
```
illegal-address
```
: Register address is out of bounds.

输出约定

Output Convention

示例输出格式：

结果: ✅ 读取 10 个寄存器
  连接: RTU COM42 9600 8N1
  从站: 1

    地址 |  十进制 |  十六进制 |             二进制
  ------+---------+----------+--------------------
       0 |     100 | 0x0064   | 0000000001100100
       1 |     200 | 0x00c8   | 0000000011001000

Example output format:

Result: ✅ Read 10 registers
  Connection: RTU COM42 9600 8N1
  Slave: 1

    Address |  Decimal |  Hexadecimal |             Binary
  ------+---------+----------+--------------------
       0 |     100 | 0x0064   | 0000000001100100
       1 |     200 | 0x00c8   | 0000000011001000

交接关系

Handover Relationships

从
```
build-keil
```
/
```
build-platformio
```
烧录固件后，用此 skill 验证 Modbus 通信。
与
```
serial-monitor
```
互补：serial-monitor 查看串口原始输出，modbus-debug 进行协议级调试。

After burning firmware with
```
build-keil
```
/
```
build-platformio
```
, use this skill to verify Modbus communication.
Complementary to
```
serial-monitor
```
: serial-monitor views raw serial port output, modbus-debug performs protocol-level debugging.