python-testing

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Python Testing

Python 测试

Quick reference for Python testing with pytest, coverage, fixtures, and best practices.

使用pytest、coverage、fixtures及最佳实践进行Python测试的快速参考。

When This Skill Applies

本技能适用场景

Writing unit tests and integration tests
Test-driven development (TDD)
Test fixtures and parametrization
Coverage analysis
Mocking and patching
Async testing

编写单元测试和集成测试
测试驱动开发（TDD）
测试fixtures和参数化
覆盖率分析
Mock和打桩
异步测试

Quick Reference

快速参考

Running Tests

运行测试

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Basic test run

uv run pytest

Verbose output

uv run pytest -v

Show print statements

uv run pytest -s

Stop at first failure

uv run pytest -x

Run specific test

uv run pytest tests/test_module.py::test_function

Run by keyword

uv run pytest -k "test_user"

undefined

uv run pytest -k "test_user"

undefined

Test Coverage

测试覆盖率

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Run with coverage

uv run pytest --cov

HTML report

uv run pytest --cov --cov-report=html

Show missing lines

uv run pytest --cov --cov-report=term-missing

Coverage for specific module

uv run pytest --cov=mymodule tests/

undefined

uv run pytest --cov=mymodule tests/

undefined

Fixtures

python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
    return {"key": "value"}

@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def db_connection():
    conn = create_connection()
    yield conn
    conn.close()

def test_with_fixture(sample_data):
    assert sample_data["key"] == "value"

python

import pytest

@pytest.fixture
def sample_data():
    return {"key": "value"}

@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
def db_connection():
    conn = create_connection()
    yield conn
    conn.close()

def test_with_fixture(sample_data):
    assert sample_data["key"] == "value"

Parametrize Tests

参数化测试

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    ("hello", "HELLO"),
    ("world", "WORLD"),
    ("test", "TEST"),
])
def test_uppercase(input: str, expected: str):
    assert input.upper() == expected

@pytest.mark.parametrize("value,is_valid", [
    (1, True),
    (0, False),
    (-1, False),
])
def test_validation(value, is_valid):
    assert validate(value) == is_valid

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.parametrize("input,expected", [
    ("hello", "HELLO"),
    ("world", "WORLD"),
    ("test", "TEST"),
])
def test_uppercase(input: str, expected: str):
    assert input.upper() == expected

@pytest.mark.parametrize("value,is_valid", [
    (1, True),
    (0, False),
    (-1, False),
])
def test_validation(value, is_valid):
    assert validate(value) == is_valid

Markers

标记

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_slow_operation():
    # Long-running test
    pass

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Not implemented yet")
def test_future_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Unix only")
def test_unix_specific():
    pass

@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_known_issue():
    # Expected to fail
    pass

bash

undefined

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.slow
def test_slow_operation():
    # Long-running test
    pass

@pytest.mark.skip(reason="Not implemented yet")
def test_future_feature():
    pass

@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.platform == "win32", reason="Unix only")
def test_unix_specific():
    pass

@pytest.mark.xfail
def test_known_issue():
    # Expected to fail
    pass

bash

undefined

Run only marked tests

uv run pytest -m slow uv run pytest -m "not slow"

undefined

uv run pytest -m slow uv run pytest -m "not slow"

undefined

Async Testing

异步测试

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_async_function():
    result = await async_operation()
    assert result == expected_value

@pytest.fixture
async def async_client():
    client = AsyncClient()
    await client.connect()
    yield client
    await client.disconnect()

python

import pytest

@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_async_function():
    result = await async_operation()
    assert result == expected_value

@pytest.fixture
async def async_client():
    client = AsyncClient()
    await client.connect()
    yield client
    await client.disconnect()

Mocking

python

from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock

def test_with_mock():
    mock_obj = Mock()
    mock_obj.method.return_value = "mocked"
    assert mock_obj.method() == "mocked"

@patch('module.external_api')
def test_with_patch(mock_api):
    mock_api.return_value = {"status": "success"}
    result = call_external_api()
    assert result["status"] == "success"

python

from unittest.mock import Mock, patch, MagicMock

def test_with_mock():
    mock_obj = Mock()
    mock_obj.method.return_value = "mocked"
    assert mock_obj.method() == "mocked"

@patch('module.external_api')
def test_with_patch(mock_api):
    mock_api.return_value = {"status": "success"}
    result = call_external_api()
    assert result["status"] == "success"

pytest-mock (cleaner)

def test_with_mocker(mocker): mock = mocker.patch('module.function') mock.return_value = 42 assert function() == 42

undefined

def test_with_mocker(mocker): mock = mocker.patch('module.function') mock.return_value = 42 assert function() == 42

undefined

Test Organization

测试组织

project/
├── src/
│   └── myproject/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       └── module.py
└── tests/
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── conftest.py          # Shared fixtures
    ├── test_module.py
    └── integration/
        └── test_api.py

project/
├── src/
│   └── myproject/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       └── module.py
└── tests/
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── conftest.py          # Shared fixtures
    ├── test_module.py
    └── integration/
        └── test_api.py

conftest.py

python

undefined

python

undefined

tests/conftest.py

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="session") def app_config(): return {"debug": True, "testing": True}

@pytest.fixture(autouse=True) def reset_db(): setup_database() yield teardown_database()

undefined

import pytest

@pytest.fixture(scope="session") def app_config(): return {"debug": True, "testing": True}

@pytest.fixture(autouse=True) def reset_db(): setup_database() yield teardown_database()

undefined

pyproject.toml Configuration

pyproject.toml 配置

toml

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
python_files = ["test_*.py", "*_test.py"]
python_classes = ["Test*"]
python_functions = ["test_*"]
addopts = [
    "-v",
    "--strict-markers",
    "--cov=src",
    "--cov-report=term-missing",
]
markers = [
    "slow: marks tests as slow",
    "integration: marks tests as integration tests",
]

[tool.coverage.run]
source = ["src"]
omit = ["*/tests/*", "*/test_*.py"]

[tool.coverage.report]
exclude_lines = [
    "pragma: no cover",
    "def __repr__",
    "raise AssertionError",
    "raise NotImplementedError",
    "if __name__ == .__main__.:",
]

toml

[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
python_files = ["test_*.py", "*_test.py"]
python_classes = ["Test*"]
python_functions = ["test_*"]
addopts = [
    "-v",
    "--strict-markers",
    "--cov=src",
    "--cov-report=term-missing",
]
markers = [
    "slow: marks tests as slow",
    "integration: marks tests as integration tests",
]

[tool.coverage.run]
source = ["src"]
omit = ["*/tests/*", "*/test_*.py"]

[tool.coverage.report]
exclude_lines = [
    "pragma: no cover",
    "def __repr__",
    "raise AssertionError",
    "raise NotImplementedError",
    "if __name__ == .__main__.:",
]

Common Testing Patterns

常见测试模式

Test Exceptions

测试异常

python

import pytest

def test_raises_exception():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        function_that_raises()

def test_raises_with_message():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid input"):
        function_that_raises()

python

import pytest

def test_raises_exception():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        function_that_raises()

def test_raises_with_message():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid input"):
        function_that_raises()

Test Warnings

测试警告

python

import pytest

def test_deprecation_warning():
    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
        deprecated_function()

python

import pytest

def test_deprecation_warning():
    with pytest.warns(DeprecationWarning):
        deprecated_function()

Temporary Files

临时文件

python

def test_with_tmp_path(tmp_path):
    file_path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
    file_path.write_text("content")
    assert file_path.read_text() == "content"

python

def test_with_tmp_path(tmp_path):
    file_path = tmp_path / "test.txt"
    file_path.write_text("content")
    assert file_path.read_text() == "content"

TDD Workflow

TDD 工作流

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

1. RED: Write failing test

uv run pytest tests/test_new_feature.py

FAILED

2. GREEN: Implement minimal code

uv run pytest tests/test_new_feature.py

PASSED

3. REFACTOR: Improve code

uv run pytest # All tests pass

undefined

uv run pytest # All tests pass

undefined

另请参阅

```
uv-project-management
```
- Adding pytest to projects
```
python-code-quality
```
- Combining tests with linting
```
python-development
```
- Core Python development patterns

```
uv-project-management
```
- 为项目添加pytest
```
python-code-quality
```
- 将测试与代码检查结合
```
python-development
```
- 核心Python开发模式

References

参考资料

Official docs: https://docs.pytest.org/
Detailed guide: See REFERENCE.md in this skill directory

官方文档: https://docs.pytest.org/
详细指南: 请参阅本技能目录中的REFERENCE.md

python-testing

Original

Translation

Python Testing

Python 测试

When This Skill Applies

本技能适用场景

Quick Reference

快速参考

Running Tests

运行测试

Basic test run

Basic test run

Verbose output

Verbose output

Show print statements

Show print statements

Stop at first failure

Stop at first failure

Run specific test

Run specific test

Run by keyword

Run by keyword

Test Coverage

测试覆盖率

Run with coverage

Run with coverage

HTML report

HTML report

Show missing lines

Show missing lines

Coverage for specific module

Coverage for specific module

Fixtures

Fixtures

Parametrize Tests

参数化测试

Markers

标记

Run only marked tests

Run only marked tests

Async Testing

异步测试

Mocking

Mocking

pytest-mock (cleaner)

pytest-mock (cleaner)

Test Organization

测试组织

conftest.py

conftest.py

tests/conftest.py

tests/conftest.py

pyproject.toml Configuration

pyproject.toml 配置

Common Testing Patterns

常见测试模式

Test Exceptions

测试异常

Test Warnings

测试警告

Temporary Files

临时文件

TDD Workflow

TDD 工作流

1. RED: Write failing test

1. RED: Write failing test

FAILED

FAILED

2. GREEN: Implement minimal code

2. GREEN: Implement minimal code

PASSED

PASSED

3. REFACTOR: Improve code

3. REFACTOR: Improve code

See Also

另请参阅

References

参考资料