fd File Finding

fd 文件查找工具

Expert knowledge for using

fd

as a fast, user-friendly alternative to

find

with smart defaults and powerful filtering.

以下是使用

fd

的专业知识，它是

find

的快速、易用替代方案，具备智能默认配置和强大的过滤能力。

Core Expertise

核心优势

fd Advantages

Fast parallel execution (written in Rust)
Colorized output by default
Respects
```
.gitignore
```
automatically
Smart case-insensitive search
Simpler syntax than
```
find
```
Regular expression support

fd的优点

快速并行执行（基于Rust编写）
默认带彩色输出
自动遵守
```
.gitignore
```
规则
智能不区分大小写搜索
语法比
```
find
```
更简单
支持正则表达式

Basic Usage

基础用法

Simple File Search

简单文件搜索

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Find all files named config

fd config

Find files with extension

fd -e rs # All Rust files fd -e md # All Markdown files fd -e js -e ts # JavaScript and TypeScript

Case-sensitive search

fd -s Config # Only exact case match

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fd -s Config # Only exact case match

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Pattern Matching

模式匹配

bash

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bash

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Regex patterns

fd '^test_.*.py$' # Python test files fd '.config$' # Files ending in .config fd '^[A-Z]' # Files starting with uppercase

Glob patterns

fd '.lua' # All Lua files fd 'test-.js' # test-*.js files

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fd '.lua' # All Lua files fd 'test-.js' # test-*.js files

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Advanced Filtering

高级过滤

Type Filtering

类型过滤

bash

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bash

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Search only files

fd -t f pattern # Files only fd -t d pattern # Directories only fd -t l pattern # Symlinks only fd -t x pattern # Executable files

Multiple types

fd -t f -t l pattern # Files and symlinks

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fd -t f -t l pattern # Files and symlinks

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Depth Control

深度控制

bash

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bash

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Limit search depth

fd -d 1 pattern # Only current directory fd -d 3 pattern # Max 3 levels deep fd --max-depth 2 pattern # Alternative syntax

Minimum depth

fd --min-depth 2 pattern # Skip current directory

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fd --min-depth 2 pattern # Skip current directory

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Hidden and Ignored Files

隐藏文件与被忽略文件

bash

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bash

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Include hidden files

fd -H pattern # Include hidden files (starting with .)

Include ignored files

fd -I pattern # Include .gitignore'd files fd -u pattern # Unrestricted: hidden + ignored

Show all files

fd -H -I pattern # Show everything

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fd -H -I pattern # Show everything

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Size Filtering

大小过滤

bash

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bash

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File size filters

fd --size +10m # Files larger than 10 MB fd --size -1k # Files smaller than 1 KB fd --size +100k --size -10m # Between 100 KB and 10 MB

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fd --size +10m # Files larger than 10 MB fd --size -1k # Files smaller than 1 KB fd --size +100k --size -10m # Between 100 KB and 10 MB

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Modification Time

修改时间

bash

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bash

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Files modified recently

fd --changed-within 1d # Last 24 hours fd --changed-within 2w # Last 2 weeks fd --changed-within 3m # Last 3 months

Files modified before

fd --changed-before 1y # Older than 1 year

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fd --changed-before 1y # Older than 1 year

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Execution and Processing

执行与处理

Execute Commands

执行命令

bash

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bash

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Execute command for each result

fd -e jpg -x convert {} {.}.png # Convert all JPG to PNG

Parallel execution

fd -e rs -x rustfmt # Format all Rust files

Execute with multiple results

fd -e md -X wc -l # Word count on all Markdown files

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fd -e md -X wc -l # Word count on all Markdown files

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Output Formatting

输出格式化

bash

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bash

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Custom output format using placeholders

fd -e tf --format '{//}' # Parent directory of each file fd -e rs --format '{/}' # Filename without directory fd -e md --format '{.}' # Path without extension

Placeholders:

{} - Full path (default)

{/} - Basename (filename only)

{//} - Parent directory

{.} - Path without extension

{/.} - Basename without extension

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Integration with Other Tools

与其他工具集成

bash

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bash

undefined

Prefer fd's native execution over xargs when possible:

fd -e log -x rm # Delete all log files (native) fd -e rs -X wc -l # Count lines in Rust files (batch)

Use with rg for powerful search

fd -e py -x rg "import numpy" {} # Find numpy imports in Python files

Open files in editor

fd -e md -X nvim # Open all Markdown in Neovim (batch)

When xargs IS useful: complex pipelines or non-fd inputs

cat filelist.txt | xargs rg "TODO" # Process file from external list

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cat filelist.txt | xargs rg "TODO" # Process file from external list

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Common Patterns

常用场景

Development Workflows

开发工作流

bash

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bash

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Find test files

fd -e test.js -e spec.js # JavaScript tests fd '^test_.*.py$' # Python tests fd '_test.go$' # Go tests

Find configuration files

fd -g '.config.js' # Config files fd -g '.env' # Environment files fd -g '*rc' -H # RC files (include hidden)

Find source files

fd -e rs -e toml -t f # Rust project files fd -e py --exclude pycache # Python excluding cache fd -e ts -e tsx src/ # TypeScript in src/

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fd -e rs -e toml -t f # Rust project files fd -e py --exclude pycache # Python excluding cache fd -e ts -e tsx src/ # TypeScript in src/

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Cleanup Operations

清理操作

bash

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bash

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Find and remove

fd -e pyc -x rm # Remove Python bytecode fd node_modules -t d -x rm -rf # Remove node_modules fd -g '*.log' --changed-before 30d -X rm # Remove old logs

Find large files

fd --size +100m -t f # Files over 100 MB fd --size +1g -t f -x du -h # Size of files over 1 GB

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fd --size +100m -t f # Files over 100 MB fd --size +1g -t f -x du -h # Size of files over 1 GB

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Path-Based Search

基于路径的搜索

bash

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bash

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Search in specific directories

fd pattern src/ # Only in src/ fd pattern src/ tests/ # Multiple directories

Exclude paths

fd -e rs -E target/ # Exclude target directory fd -e js -E node_modules -E dist # Exclude multiple paths

Full path matching

fd -p src/components/.*.tsx$ # Match full path

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fd -p src/components/.*.tsx$ # Match full path

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Find Directories Containing Specific Files

查找包含特定文件的目录

bash

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bash

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Find all directories with Terraform configs

fd -t f 'main.tf$' --format '{//}'

Find all directories with package.json

fd -t f '^package.json$' --format '{//}'

Find Go module directories

fd -t f '^go.mod$' --format '{//}'

Find Python project roots (with pyproject.toml)

fd -t f '^pyproject.toml$' --format '{//}'

Find Cargo.toml directories (Rust projects)

fd -t f '^Cargo.toml$' --format '{//}'


**Note:** Use `--format '{//}'` instead of piping to xargs - it's faster and simpler.

fd -t f '^Cargo.toml$' --format '{//}'


**注意：** 优先使用`--format '{//}'`而非管道传给xargs，速度更快也更简单。

Best Practices

最佳实践

When to Use fd

Finding files by name or pattern
Searching with gitignore awareness
Fast directory traversal
Type-specific searches
Time-based file queries

When to Use find Instead

Complex boolean logic
POSIX compatibility required
Advanced permission checks
Non-standard file attributes

Performance Tips

Use
```
-j 1
```
for sequential search if order matters
Combine with
```
--max-depth
```
to limit scope
Use
```
-t f
```
to skip directory processing
Leverage gitignore for faster searches in repos

Integration with rg

bash

undefined

什么时候使用fd

按名称或模式查找文件
需要识别gitignore规则的搜索
快速目录遍历
按特定类型搜索
基于时间的文件查询

什么时候该用find

需要复杂的布尔逻辑
要求POSIX兼容性
高级权限检查
非标准文件属性查询

性能提示

如果顺序很重要，使用
```
-j 1
```
进行顺序搜索
结合
```
--max-depth
```
限制搜索范围
使用
```
-t f
```
跳过目录处理
在代码仓库中利用gitignore规则加快搜索速度

与rg集成

bash

undefined

Prefer native execution over xargs

fd -e py -x rg "class.*Test" {} # Find test classes in Python fd -e rs -x rg "TODO" {} # Find TODOs in Rust files fd -e md -x rg "# " {} # Find headers in Markdown


**Use fd's Built-in Execution**
```bash

fd -e py -x rg "class.*Test" {} # Find test classes in Python fd -e rs -x rg "TODO" {} # Find TODOs in Rust files fd -e md -x rg "# " {} # Find headers in Markdown


**使用fd内置执行能力**
```bash

fd can execute directly — no need for xargs

fd -t f 'main.tf$' --format '{//}' # Find dirs containing main.tf fd -e log -x rm # Delete all .log files

undefined

fd -t f 'main.tf$' --format '{//}' # Find dirs containing main.tf fd -e log -x rm # Delete all .log files

undefined

Quick Reference

快速参考

Essential Options

核心选项

Option	Purpose	Example
`-e EXT`	Filter by extension	`fd -e rs`
`-t TYPE`	Filter by type (f/d/l/x)	`fd -t d`
`-d DEPTH`	Max search depth	`fd -d 3`
`-H`	Include hidden files	`fd -H .env`
`-I`	Include ignored files	`fd -I build`
`-u`	Unrestricted (no ignore)	`fd -u pattern`
`-E PATH`	Exclude path	`fd -E node_modules`
`-x CMD`	Execute command	`fd -e log -x rm`
`-X CMD`	Batch execute	`fd -e md -X cat`
`-s`	Case-sensitive	`fd -s Config`
`-g GLOB`	Glob pattern	`fd -g '*.json'`
`--format FMT`	Custom output format	`fd -e tf --format '{//}'`

选项	用途	示例
`-e EXT`	按扩展名过滤	`fd -e rs`
`-t TYPE`	按类型过滤（f/d/l/x）	`fd -t d`
`-d DEPTH`	最大搜索深度	`fd -d 3`
`-H`	包含隐藏文件	`fd -H .env`
`-I`	包含被忽略的文件	`fd -I build`
`-u`	无限制搜索（不忽略任何文件）	`fd -u pattern`
`-E PATH`	排除指定路径	`fd -E node_modules`
`-x CMD`	为每个结果执行命令	`fd -e log -x rm`
`-X CMD`	批量执行命令	`fd -e md -X cat`
`-s`	区分大小写搜索	`fd -s Config`
`-g GLOB`	按Glob模式匹配	`fd -g '*.json'`
`--format FMT`	自定义输出格式	`fd -e tf --format '{//}'`

Time Units

时间单位

```
s
```
= seconds
```
m
```
= minutes
```
h
```
= hours
```
d
```
= days
```
w
```
= weeks
```
y
```
= years

```
s
```
= 秒
```
m
```
= 分钟
```
h
```
= 小时
```
d
```
= 天
```
w
```
= 周
```
y
```
= 年

Size Units

大小单位

```
b
```
= bytes
```
k
```
= kilobytes
```
m
```
= megabytes
```
g
```
= gigabytes
```
t
```
= terabytes

```
b
```
= 字节
```
k
```
= 千字节
```
m
```
= 兆字节
```
g
```
= 吉字节
```
t
```
= 太字节

Common Command Patterns

常用命令模式

bash

undefined

bash

undefined

Find recently modified source files

fd -e rs --changed-within 1d

Find large files in current directory

fd -d 1 -t f --size +10m

Find executable scripts

fd -t x -e sh

Find config files including hidden

fd -H -g 'config'

Find and count lines

fd -e py -X wc -l

Find files excluding build artifacts

fd -e js -E dist -E node_modules -E build

Find all Terraform/IaC project directories

fd -t f 'main.tf$' --format '{//}'

Find all Node.js project roots

fd -t f '^package.json$' --format '{//}'


This makes fd the preferred tool for fast, intuitive file finding in development workflows.

fd -t f '^package.json$' --format '{//}'


这使得fd成为开发工作流中快速、直观查找文件的首选工具。

fd-file-finding

Original

Translation

fd File Finding

fd 文件查找工具

Core Expertise

核心优势

Basic Usage

基础用法

Simple File Search

简单文件搜索

Find all files named config

Find all files named config

Find files with extension

Find files with extension

Case-sensitive search

Case-sensitive search

Pattern Matching

模式匹配

Regex patterns

Regex patterns

Glob patterns

Glob patterns

Advanced Filtering

高级过滤

Type Filtering

类型过滤

Search only files

Search only files

Multiple types

Multiple types

Depth Control

深度控制

Limit search depth

Limit search depth

Minimum depth

Minimum depth

Hidden and Ignored Files

隐藏文件与被忽略文件

Include hidden files

Include hidden files

Include ignored files

Include ignored files

Show all files

Show all files

Size Filtering

大小过滤

File size filters

File size filters

Modification Time

修改时间

Files modified recently

Files modified recently

Files modified before

Files modified before

Execution and Processing

执行与处理

Execute Commands

执行命令

Execute command for each result

Execute command for each result

Parallel execution

Parallel execution

Execute with multiple results

Execute with multiple results

Output Formatting

输出格式化

Custom output format using placeholders

Custom output format using placeholders

Placeholders:

Placeholders:

{} - Full path (default)

{} - Full path (default)

{/} - Basename (filename only)

{/} - Basename (filename only)

{//} - Parent directory

{//} - Parent directory

{.} - Path without extension

{.} - Path without extension

{/.} - Basename without extension